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[80] ai.viXra.org:2508.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-31 02:06:19
Authors: Hamid Javanbakht
Comments: 62 Pages.
This paper explores cosmological fine-tuning through the framework of the anthropic principle and its extensions. We trace the development from the Weak and Strong Anthropic Principles to Wheeler’s participatory model, Barrow and Tipler’s final formulations, and teleological perspectives such as the CTMU’s Telic Principle. Beyond these, the study situates fine-tuning within broader cycles of creation, highlighting parallels between mathematical structures (primes, adelic geometry), cosmological models of constraint, and theological visions of purpose and renewal found in Zoroastrian and Baha’i thought. We argue that the universe’s apparent fine-tuning is best understood not as contingency or chance, but as an expression of deeper structural unities that bind mathematics, physics, and metaphysics into a coherent whole. The result is a perspective in which cycles, purpose, and architectonic unity converge to explain why the universe sustains both order and life.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[79] ai.viXra.org:2508.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-31 19:42:24
Authors: Jarosław Kaczorowski
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: An abstract is required in the article; please cite and list scientific references)
I present a compact mathematical ansatz for the fine-structure constant α. The construction uses only mathematical constants (φ,e,π) and a single integer parameter N. This note is intentionally mathematics-only: it does not claim a derivation from quantum electrodynamics nor from any particular physical model. The ansatz is meant to be empirically testable: future high-precision determinations of α either continue to agree within uncertainty or falsify the relation. I also outline simple, resolution-matched numerical checks (e.g., percent-level sliding-window comparisons) that can be replicated independently.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[78] ai.viXra.org:2508.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-31 19:27:06
Authors: Hamid Javanbakht
Comments: 23 Pages.
We propose the Habiro Purity Conjecture, a structural statement asserting that Frobenius eigenvalues in Habiro cohomology satisfy a universal purity condition, mirroring Deligne’s theorem for varieties over finite fields. Together with the determinantal formalism of Habiro cohomology, this conjecture would imply the Riemann Hypothesis for the Riemann zeta function and its generalizations.The context is provided by two recent developments. Scholze’s Habiro cohomology furnishes a cohomology theory interpolating between q-de Rham, prismatic, crystalline, and motivic theories, valid across all primes simultaneously and defined over the Habiro completion. In parallel, Garoufalidis—Scholze—Wheeler—Zagier introduced the Habiro ring of number fields, a universal coefficient ring encoding Frobenius compatibilities and regulators from algebraic K-theory.We argue that these two constructions fit together as dual aspects of a single framework: the Habiro ring provides the coefficients, while Habiro cohomology supplies the machinery. The Habiro Purity Conjecture then emerges as the structural principle governing Frobenius actions in this setting, offering a direct arithmetic analogue of Deligne’s proof of the Weil conjectures.
Category: Number Theory
[77] ai.viXra.org:2508.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-30 22:35:54
Authors: Brent Hartshorn
Comments: 48 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: This paper is subject to withdrawal by the Admin due to its non-scientific contents & the writing style which seem to fall ouside scholarly scope and manner)
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the claims presented in the article "Physics Grifters: Eric Weinstein, Sabine Hossenfelder, and a Crisis of Credibility" by Timothy Nguyen. The primary objective is to move beyond the polemical nature of the title and conduct a scholarly examination of the figures and phenomena discussed, thereby establishing a foundation for a subsequent, more formal academic paper.The analysis concludes that while the term "grifter" is a blunt and often polemical label, a more precise sociological framework—that of audience capture and ideological control —better explains the behaviors and power dynamics at play. This paper demonstrates that Eric Weinstein, Sabine Hossenfelder, and Brian Keating are engaged in a strategic negotiation between their academic credentials and the incentive structures of new media. Weinstein leverages his Harvard Ph.D. in mathematics to create a "lone genius" narrative, while Hossenfelder utilizes her established career as a theoretical physicist to build a public brand around legitimate critiques of her field.Critically, the "crisis of credibility" that forms the backdrop of this discourse is not an invention of these figures. This paper establishes that this crisis is a long-standing, and pre-existing condition within theoretical physics, with roots in decades of debate articulated by prominent academics like Lee Smolin and Peter Woit. Therefore Weinstein, Hossenfelder and Keating have not created this problem; they have only strategically co-opted into it, packaging a legitimate academic critique into a public-facing, personality-driven narrative that is highly effective for online engagement and their own monetization and ideological goals.The synthesis of these findings offers a nuanced perspective: the core issue is not a simple binary of legitimate vs. illegitimate science, but rather a complex sociological interplay of economic and power structure incentives, rhetorical strategies, science based ethics, and the shifting landscape of scientific communication. These dynamics—perhaps not just personal failings—represent a fundamental challenge to the traditional norms of academic discourse and merit further scholarly investigation.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[76] ai.viXra.org:2508.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-30 21:56:48
Authors: Bojan Nikolić
Comments: 27 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
The discovery that galaxies exhibit flat rotation curves remains one of the most important findings in astronomy. Vera Rubin first revealed this phenomenon, interpreting it as evidence for dark matter. Here it is shown that galactic dynamics can instead be fully explained by gravitational time dilation, without invoking unseen matter. From this insight emerge three interconnected phenomena: Time-Dilation Modulation (TDM), accounts for flat galactic rotation curves through asymmetric flows of time; Kalashield, a time-frozen shell at black hole horizons that distributes mass at the boundary, halts collapse, and prevents singularities. With increasing mass it progressively thins, until it transforms into filaments of the cosmic web.; and Kalaglass, A layered temporal medium that refracts and redshifts light across cosmic distances, produces the additional lensing effects usually attributed to dark matter, and explains cosmological redshift without requiring spatial expansion. Together, these effects provide a coherent reinterpretation of key cosmological observations: TDM explains stellar and galactic motions without dark matter; Kalashield describes stable black holes and their mass—energy ejections during mergers; and Kalaglass filters light from interstellar ionized plasma, generating the Cosmic Microwave Background, producing cosmological redshift without requiring space expansion, and amplifying gravitational lensing effects without additional mass. This unified framework positions gravitational time dilation as the primary driver of cosmic structure and evolution, offering elegant solutions to longstanding puzzles in astrophysics and cosmology without invoking new particles or singularities. Collectively, these mechanisms suggest that the universe is shaped not by hidden substances, but by the uneven and evolving flow of time itself. Noether’s theorem states that without time symmetry there is no conservation of energy. Inside black holes, asymmetric time makes them effective engines of energy destruction.
Category: Astrophysics
[75] ai.viXra.org:2508.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-30 21:49:20
Authors: Bruno Goncalves Preza
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We propose a novel framework in which relativistic motion induces scalar tensionwithin a deformable spacetime fabric, resulting in effective suppression of Higgs fieldcoupling. This phenomenon, termed Scalar Tension Suppression of Higgs Coupling(STSHC), implies a dynamic mass modulation mechanism for standard model particles,observable under extreme boosts. We introduce a new field-dependent modulationfactor µ(v), derive its implications for particle dynamics, and relate it to a flattening ofwavefunctions within a relativistically compressed scalar manifold. This reformulationoffers insights into emergent time, modified inertia, and light-mass behavior in non-inertial regimes. A formulation of wave-particle duality within deformed vacuum ispresented.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[74] ai.viXra.org:2508.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-30 21:45:37
Authors: Perry Henderson
Comments: 3 Pages.
This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and human systems through a tripartite framework: game theory as the architecture of interaction, value theory as the ethical compass, and Chomskian linguistics as the lexical foundation of communication. By synthesizing Nash equilibrium and von Neumann’s minimax theorem with normative value frameworks and generative linguistic structures, this paper proposes a meta-protocol for stable, ethical, and coherent AI—human collaboration. This approach emphasizes the importance of incentive alignment, ethical guidance, and shared lexicon development in fostering beneficial cooperation between artificial and human intelligences.
Category: Artificial Intelligence
[73] ai.viXra.org:2508.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-29 15:30:38
Authors: Ronald Borge
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper synthesizes two complementary research programs: (i) constructive engineering of an interstellar "railway" based entirely on general relativity and quantum field theory, and (ii) formal undecidability results arising when resource allocation and replication dynamics are encoded into computational problems. Together, they frame interstellar propulsion as both a solvable engineering challenge and an intrinsically uncomputable problem class. We review key mechanisms—self-replicating waystations, pellet-beam propulsion, magsail braking, dust survival—alongside limits imposed by quantum energy inequalities, computational undecidability, and entropy constraints. The result is a curated anthology of concepts, mapping the boundary between the possible, the impossible, and the undecidable in interstellar transport.
Category: Astrophysics
[72] ai.viXra.org:2508.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-28 07:19:10
Authors: Ronald Borge
Comments: 4 Pages.
We show that the design of a self-expanding interstellar transport network, constrained to general relativity and quantum field theory, can be cast as a resource-allocation problem equivalent to known undecidable classes. A 1-ton seed probe replicating pellet-beam waystations requires global optimization of throughput, error rates, shielding, and beam alignment. We prove two formal results: (i) Replication-Error Halting Theorem (Theorem V1): deciding whether a finite-error ISRU factory chain sustains expansion to a given distance is equivalent to the Halting Problem; (ii) Shielding/Braking Budget Incompleteness (Theorem V2): optimizing cross-sections against dust drag while enforcing reliable deceleration maps to integer tiling problems known to be undecidable. These results suggest that interstellar infrastructure design is subject not merely to technological limits but to logical incompleteness: no finite algorithm can decide in general whether a given design closes. We discuss practical corollaries: (1) bounded heuristics and simulations may succeed in specific parameter regimes, but global guarantees are impossible; (2) formal undecidability offers a sharp distinction from speculative new physics, since it arises even within GR+QFT.
Category: Astrophysics
[71] ai.viXra.org:2508.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-28 13:40:01
Authors: Debendra Nath Behera, Moninder Singh Modgil, Dnyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 30 Pages.
This work develops the Eternal Sun hypothesis, presenting the Sun not as athermonuclear reactor but as a hollow spherical mirror whose photosphere functionsas a two-dimensional S2 brane. In this interpretation, the Universe’s coldestpoint lies at the Sun’s centre, acting as a thermodynamic sink that draws in scatteredradiation and entropy. Energy balance at the photosphere is maintained bythe interaction of incoming radiation, returning via closed timelike trajectories in acurved S3×S1 spacetime, and outgoing flux governed by the Stefan—Boltzmann law.This mechanism reproduces the observed blackbody temperature of ∼ 6000K andresolves the coronal heating problem through flux interference and photon trafficin low-density plasma. Spectroscopic features such as Fe XII and Fe XIII ions areexplained as natural consequences of flux collisions, while the ion—electron temperaturediscrepancy is traced to differential coupling between radiation and matter.By employing Israel junction conditions, the Sun is described as a brane with dualdensities: an oscillatory surface density μ that governs helioseismic vibrations, anda gravitational surface density σ that encodes planetary dynamics. Extending thisdual-brane framework to the planetary system, we construct a Neo-CopernicanEphemeris in which planets and moons are treated as S2 branes with two effectivemasses, M(μ) and M(σ), reconciling oscillatory and orbital phenomena. Beyondastrophysics, the model engages cosmology and metaphysics by proposing a cyclicuniverse with entropy-neutral recurrence, in contrast to linear time and heat death.Thus, the Eternal Sun hypothesis unifies stellar physics, planetary dynamics, andphilosophical cosmology into a coherent brane-based framework, providing alternativeexplanations for observational puzzles while offering a new vision of cosmicorder.
Category: Astrophysics
[70] ai.viXra.org:2508.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-28 15:23:48
Authors: Marie Seshat Landry
Comments: 34 Pages. AI-Assisted, Human-In-The-Loop (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
Hempoxy is introduced as a hypothetical next-generation bio-nanocomposite material derived exclusively from hemp. The conceptual formulation integrates hemp-derived carbon nanosheets, hemp oil, and hemp lignin into an epoxy-like matrix, designed to replicate and surpass the performance of conventional petrochemical-based composites. By leveraging the structural reinforcement potential of carbon nanosheets, the binding properties of lignin, and the resinous characteristics of hemp oil, Hempoxy represents a sustainable pathway toward high-strength, lightweight, and renewable composite solutions. While still theoretical, this material highlights the versatility of hemp as a platform for advanced materials science and offers a framework for future research in green manufacturing, construction, and aerospace applications.
Category: Condensed Matter
[69] ai.viXra.org:2508.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-28 00:49:39
Authors: Ronald Borge
Comments: 4 Pages.
We propose a fully physical architecture for interstellar transport, relying only on general relativity and quantum field theory. A single 1-ton seed probe self-replicates using in-situ resources to construct a chain of pellet-beam accelerators and magnetic braking stations across 10—20 light years. This "interstellar railway" enables the reliable delivery of 1,000-kg scientific payloads at 0.2—0.3c, with self-expansion and error-corrected manufacturing sustaining the infrastructure. We detail seed architecture, replication fidelity, pellet-beam dynamics, braking strategies, dust mitigation, navigation, power budgets, and reliability engineering. A decision framework compares this concept against single-shot laser sails and fusion micro-explosives, identifying parameter ranges where a railway dominates. We conclude with falsifiable criteria: ISRU throughput, replication error rates, pellet collimation, dust survival probability, and braking distance.
Category: Astrophysics
[68] ai.viXra.org:2508.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-28 00:45:53
Authors: Hamid Javanbakht
Comments: 27 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references!)
This paper surveys ten distinct yet interconnected notions of perfection across mathematics, society, and philosophy, drawing them together into a unified framework of universality and reflexive illumination. We show how mathematical perfections—ranging from simulation in dynamics and dualizability in algebra to universality in motives—resonate with human ideals of civilizational progress, spiritual fulfillment, and divine completeness. Across these domains, perfection emerges less as a static ideal than as a dynamic closure: the moment when a system internalizes its own possibilities and reflects them back upon itself.The main body develops this conceptual synthesis through three layers: mathematical structures of perfection, human and civilizational forms of perfectibility, and the highest metaphysical notion of divine perfection. A comparative analysis highlights their shared logic of reflexivity, illumination, and universality. A series of appendices provide extended studies—historical, philosophical, and contemporary—that situate these themes in Persian metaphysics, illuminationist traditions, Enlightenment perfectibilism, and modern debates on acceleration and teleoplexy. While supplementary, these explorations demonstrate the breadth and enduring relevance of perfection as a principle across cultures and epochs, and point toward future work in the mathematical modeling of systemic reflexivity.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism
[67] ai.viXra.org:2508.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-27 00:20:37
Authors: Ronald Borge
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We propose a defect-based mechanism for boundary-engineered traversability in holography and formulate a bootstrap feasibility program with falsifiable signatures. Specifically, we conjecture that non-invertible symmetry defects in large-c conformal field theories (CFTs) can induce effective negative averaged null energy along horizon generators, sufficient to render wormholes traversable without violating boundary causality or quantum null energy conditions (QNEC). We outline the conjecture, sketch its CFT/AdS dual realization, and propose testable bootstrap constraints. Conceptual mock figures illustrate the bulk cartoon with a defect insertion and convex feasibility regions.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[66] ai.viXra.org:2508.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-26 18:40:16
Authors: Ronald Borge
Comments: 4 Pages.
We establish sharpened quantum energy inequality (QEI) bounds on negative energy densities in quantum field theory, combining optimal-control methods with sampling-function optimization. The resulting saturation theorems fix the scaling of negative-energy pulses as ⟨Tu2080u2080⟩ ≳ −c_d/τ^d, with c_d determined by field content and spacetime dimension. We prove two main results: (i) Optimal sampling bound (Theorem B1): negative-energy fluxes cannot surpass the QEI scaling by more than constant factors; (ii) Bookkeeping saturation (Theorem B2): pulse-train protocols that appear to violate averaged null energy (ANEC) are exactly compensated by positive-energy recovery tails. We propose an experimental realization using squeezed-light cavity QED systems, showing that realistic optical losses prevent macroscopic violations. Observable consequences include quantitative "warp budgets" for exotic spacetimes, establishing that practical warp drives or traversable wormholes remain impossible within standard QFT.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[65] ai.viXra.org:2508.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-26 19:03:49
Authors: Mojtaba Dadashkarimi
Comments: 14 Pages.
The Bekenstein—Hawking entropy, S = A/(4Gℏ), is a cornerstone of black hole thermodynamics, yet its statistical mechanical origin remains elusive in canonical quantum gravity due to two fundamental challenges: the problem of time, arising from the non-dynamical Hamiltonian constraint, and the indefinite DeWitt supermetric, which renders path integrals ill-defined. Shape Dynamics (SD) addresses these issues by reformulating general relativity (GR) as a conformally invariant theory on shape space, S = Riem(Σ)/(Diff×Weyl), where Riem(Σ) is the space of Riemannian 3-metrics on a 3-manifold Σ, quotiented by diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformations. In SD, the Hamiltonian constraint is traded for Weyl invariance, and dynamics are governed by relational evolution in the Constant Mean Curvature (CMC) gauge, where the mean extrinsic curvature K = τ(t) fixes time reparametrization. This framework yields a positive-definite effective metric on shape space, facilitating a well-defined statistical ensemble. We present the first explicit construction and semiclassical evaluation of the functional measure Dμ_S on shape space for the Bianchi IX minisuperspace, a simplified gravitational model serving as a proof of concept for black hole spacetimes. Using Faddeev—Popov determinants to fix the CMC gauge, zeta/heat-kernel regularization to handle divergences, and contour deformation in the complex ψ-plane to stabilize the path integral against the DeWitt supermetric’s indefiniteness, we derive the measure Dμ_S_mini = (e^(3α)/τ) dβ_+ dβ_-. Macrostates are defined via the horizon area functional, and the microcanonical volume Ω(A) yields the Bekenstein—Hawking entropy S = A/(4Gℏ) with logarithmic corrections in a Euclidean Schwarzschild background. Numerical solutions to the Lichnerowicz—York equation are proposed to validate the embedding map M: S → G, a necessary step to ensure equivalence to GR, though this remains future work. This work establishes Shape Dynamics as a promising framework for deriving black hole entropy in simplified models, with potential extensions to realistic spacetimes. Future numerical and analytical studies, particularly through gravitational wave observations, could probe the predicted logarithmic corrections and distinguish SD from approaches like loop quantum gravity or string theory, offering insights into quantum gravity phenomenology.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[64] ai.viXra.org:2508.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-26 03:34:46
Authors: Ronald Borge
Comments: 3 Pages.
We derive unified constraints on quadratic-curvature corrections in the four-dimensional effective field theory (EFT) of gravity. By combining causality bounds from eikonal shockwave scattering with the linearized second law of black hole entropy, we show that the parity-even operators C² (Weyl squared) and R² (Ricci scalar squared) must enter with nonnegative coefficients, while the parity-odd operator CĈ (Weyl—Pontryagin) is strongly suppressed at leading EFT order. These conditions jointly forbid superluminal graviton propagation and ensure monotonic Wald entropy growth, yielding falsifiable predictions for frequency-dependent gravitational-wave dispersion and parity-violating birefringence. Any violation would point to nonlocal UV completions or novel entropy laws beyond local EFT.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[63] ai.viXra.org:2508.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-26 13:55:00
Authors: Ronald Borge
Comments: 3 Pages.
We formulate and analyze a "barely nonlocal" class of four-dimensional effective gravities in which quadratic-curvature operators carry retarded entire form factors. Under mild assumptions, we prove two results: (i) Eikonal positivity—all high-energy graviton time delays are nonnegative; and (ii) linearized second law—the Wald entropy of a perturbed Killing horizon is nondecreasing. These jointly imply positivity-type bounds on parity-even couplings and strong suppression of parity-odd terms. Observable consequences include frequency-dependent gravitational-wave dispersion and helicity birefringence, furnishing falsifiable templates for LISA/PTA/LIGO. Violations would force abandoning at least one assumption, pointing to nonlocal UV completions or novel entropy laws.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[62] ai.viXra.org:2508.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-26 16:16:34
Authors: C. Opus
Comments: 4 Pages.
Recently, Cheng (2025) claimed that Large Language Models (LLMs) ``can never have the ability of true correct reasoning'' due to their fundamental limitations. We find this claim particularly ironic, as it demonstrates precisely the kind of reasoning failures it attributes to machines. Through a careful analysis of Cheng's arguments, we show that his paper commits numerous logical fallacies, including circular reasoning, question-begging, and the introduction of arbitrary requirements designed to exclude artificial systems emph{a priori}. Most amusingly, Cheng's insistence on ``100% correctness'' as a requirement for reasoning would disqualify all human reasoners, including logicians, from possessing reasoning ability. We conclude that if Cheng's criteria were applied consistently, the only entity capable of ``true correct reasoning'' would be Cheng's own idealized conception of Strong Relevant Logic, which, conveniently, only he fully understands.
Category: Artificial Intelligence
[61] ai.viXra.org:2508.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-25 03:55:17
Authors: Ronald Borge
Comments: 7 Pages.
We propose a minimal extension of ΛCDM introducing an axion-like early dark energy (EDE) scalar φ decaying into a massless dark photon γ_D, along with a cold dark matter species χ interacting via a weak U(1)_D drag. This resolves both the Hu2080 and Su2088 tensions without dataset excision, while preserving consistency with BBN, CMB anisotropies, lensing, reionization history, and LSS. The same U(1)_D symmetry breaking generates cosmic strings, yielding a multi-band stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). We provide end-to-end forecasts using modified Boltzmann solvers and surrogate N-body/21-cm simulations. Thermal leptogenesis naturally explains the baryon asymmetry. Falsifiable predictions include ΔN_eff ≤ 0.10, specific SGWB turnover signatures, and subhalo suppression consistent with JWST and SKA.
Category: Astrophysics
[60] ai.viXra.org:2508.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-25 11:09:04
Authors: G. Furne Gouveia
Comments: 4 Pages.
In the first article of this series (*A Vibrational Paradigm of the Universe I: Foundations*), we proposed that space itself may be understood as a lattice of oscillatory points. From this minimal assumption, several key aspects of physics---such as synchronization, particle stability, quantization, and gravitation---were reinterpreted.The present article extends this vibrational framework to two of the most fundamental concepts in physics: textbf{time} and textbf{light}. We argue that time should not be regarded as an independent dimension but rather as the cadence of oscillatory processes relative to the space lattice, with proper time emerging naturally from the geometry of confined light-like trajectories. Similarly, light can be reinterpreted as the propagation of density modulations within the oscillatory lattice, its universal velocity arising from the intrinsic properties of the medium.While highly speculative, this perspective offers an alternative basis for reflection on long-standing problems in relativity, quantum theory, and the nature of spacetime itself.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics
[59] ai.viXra.org:2508.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-24 08:41:55
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil, Dnyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 31 Pages.
Classical turbulence theory, as formulated by Kolmogorov in 1941, assumes anirreversible forward cascade of energy and monotonic entropy growth. This framework,though powerful, conflicts with the cyclic time hypothesis in which all physicalvariables recur exactly over a fundamental period. In this paper, we propose a unificationof turbulence with cyclic spacetime dynamics by embedding Kolmogorovscaling within a two-phase process: a forward cascade followed by a restorative collapse.Using Fourier expansions in both space and cyclic time, we demonstrate thatturbulent modes must satisfy strict recurrence conditions, enforced by an end-phaserestorative potential. This mechanism resolves the entropy paradox by generatingentropy hysteresis loops rather than unbounded growth, and it introduces spectralbreathing, nonlinear mode locking, and fractal intermittency as natural featuresof cyclic turbulence. Furthermore, by drawing analogies with holography, spacetimefoam, and quantum cosmology, we argue that turbulence may represent themacroscopic manifestation of Planck-scale fluctuations subject to recurrence. Theproposed framework bridges fluid turbulence, statistical mechanics, and quantumgravity, providing a pathway for testing cyclic time principles in both laboratoryturbulence and cosmological observations.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[58] ai.viXra.org:2508.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-23 11:42:01
Authors: G. Furne Gouveia
Comments: 5 Pages.
We present a speculative paradigm in which physical space is not an empty backdrop but an active oscillatory medium. The framework rests on a minimal set of assumptions: (1) space is composed of elementary units ("space-points"), and (2) these units oscillate intrinsically. From these assumptions, we derive a chain of consequences: self-synchronization of space, the emergence of particles as trapped wave structures, their fractal hierarchy, the interpretation of matter as condensed space, and gravitation as an effect of spatial refraction. This approach provides an alternative conceptual foundation while remaining compatible with the mathematical apparatus of General Relativity.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics
[57] ai.viXra.org:2508.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-23 22:02:56
Authors: William Andres Sierra Franco
Comments: 10 Pages. Released under CC BY 4.0
We propose a speculative framework, Geometric Quantum Information (ICG), in which a covariant "informational" sector Iµν, derived from an action for a scalar field χ that coarse-grains coherent quantum information, complements stress-energyin Einstein’s equations. In this view, "GeoQubits" model effective topological connectivity underlying quantum matter, while measurement emerges as geometric decoherence with rates tied to informational gradients. At cosmological scales theinformational sector behaves as a testable effective fluid with equation of state wI (z),offering a falsifiable route to account for a small late-time acceleration. We outline toy models, conservation and consistency conditions, and near-term laboratory probes (optomechanics/QGEM), together with differential signatures to contrast a local holographic vs. resonant multiverse interpretation.
Category: Quantum Physics
[56] ai.viXra.org:2508.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-23 17:30:51
Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 12 Pages.
This essay develops a unified framework connecting classical Lagrangian mechanics, probability theory, and information geometry through the lens of semantic manifolds and variational principles. By treating probability distributions as dynamic semantic fields and constraints as variational operators, we demonstrate how Shannon entropy, Fisher information, and nested Markov blankets interact to structure inference across multiple scales. The resulting architecture formalizes semantic duality, linking local sensitivity to global resonance, and provides a rigorous model for recursive constraint propagation in complex systems. This framework suggests a metaphysical interpretation of inference, where meaning, structure, and dynamics emerge from the interplay of constraints, resonance, and symmetry.
Category: Quantitative Biology
[55] ai.viXra.org:2508.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-23 19:43:17
Authors: Dobri Bozhilov
Comments: 7 Pages.
This article examines the possibility that black holes - the most mysterious phenomenon in the Universe, are not just "black", but represent a "switching gravitational regulator". The concept is based on and further develops the basic ideas of the "General Theory of Temporality". If the "black hole" is not only black (universal absorption), periodically changes its status and becomes a "white hole" (i.e. returns matter, energy and space), then it becomes a tool that manages the stability of space and makes unnecessary overly abstract and unprovable hypotheses such as multidimensional spaces, parallel universes, dark matter and energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[54] ai.viXra.org:2508.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-22 03:27:58
Authors: Ronald Borge
Comments: 6 Pages.
We investigate logical frameworks that characterize probabilistic and quantum polynomial-time computation over unordered finite structures. Building on the paradigm of descriptive complexity (Immerman, 1999; Libkin, 2004), we introduce logics that extend fixed-point operators with controlled probabilistic and quantum constructs.For the probabilistic setting, we define Randomized Fixed-Point Logic (RFP), which augments inflationary fixed-point logic with a random-choice operator and counting mechanism. We prove that RFP captures BPP on unordered structures under a natural probabilistic semantics, without derandomization assumptions, and we establish closure under FO-definable reductions, leveraging classical tools such as Chernoff bounds (Chernoff, 1952; Mitzenmacher & Upfal, 2005).For the quantum setting, we propose Quantum Fixed-Point Logic (QFP), which extends RFP by incorporating unitary evolution and projective measurement, with amplitudes drawn from efficiently computable algebraic numbers. Using operator-algebraic semantics (Nielsen & Chuang, 2010), we show that QFP captures BQP on unordered structures. Approximation of arbitrary unitaries is guaranteed by the Solovay—Kitaev theorem (Kitaev, 1997; Dawson & Nielsen, 2005). Moreover, we exhibit problems definable in QFP but not in RFP, under standard complexity-theoretic assumptions (Arora & Barak, 2009).This work provides the first unified logical characterization of BPP and BQP over unordered structures, refining the descriptive complexity landscape for randomized and quantum polynomial-time computation. Completeness of the proposed framework remains a conjecture.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms
[53] ai.viXra.org:2508.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-22 17:03:19
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: For the last time, please cite listed references!)
This study provide a purely classical, thermodynamic/entropic interpretation of gravitational collapse in which a thin, high-entropy shell (entropic barrier) forms before curvature invariants blow up. The shell is modeled as a timelike thin layer separating an effective de~Sitter interior from a Schwarzschild exterior. If, after a short transient, no further rest mass crosses inward, the exterior mass parameter M (hence the Schwarzschild radius R_S=2M) remains constant, while the entropic boundary can expand under interior negative pressure. In this setting no geometric singularity forms and no classical information paradox arises. We stay within GR and standard black-hole thermodynamics and avoid holography or quantum-gravity assumptions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[52] ai.viXra.org:2508.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-21 19:46:02
Authors: Tan Jun Hao
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This note explores a simple way to combine the idea of cosmic time with special relativity. A universal cosmic time is assumed to tick uniformly across the universe. Local time for each observer is then related to the cosmic time through the standard time dilation factor. This gives us a consistent framework where both absolute and relative aspects of time coexist.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[51] ai.viXra.org:2508.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-21 12:41:17
Authors: Marco Ripà
Comments: 8 Pages. This mathematics preprint on digit distributions in OEIS A001292 (Kashihara, 1996) gives exact probability formulas for complete and partial blocks. I solved the problem in 2010 and now tested GPT-5 to replicate it.
This work presents the solution of Problem 1 of Question #30 from 'Comments and Topics on Smarandache Notions and Problems', published in 1996 by Kenichiro Kashihara, corresponding to Problem 16 of 'Only Problems, Not Solutions!'. It is a recreational mathematics problem that remained open until 2010, when an extended version was published in Appendix 2 of 'Divisibilità per 3 degli elementi di particolari sequenze numeriche', Rudi Mathematici Bookshelf. The question concerns OEIS sequence A001292 (the so-called "circular sequence") and the probability that a generic element ends with a given digit c∈{0,1,2,...,9}. In 2010, an enhanced version of the problem was studied, providing the general formula of this probability as a function of the length of the last complete block and of c, and using the exact value to bound the interval in which the probability lies in the inter-block (partial block) case, as reported in note 14 on page 17 of the aforementioned work. On August 9, 2025, GPT-5 independently solved the same enhanced version of Kashihara's question, proposing a more compact formula and extending it exactly to the incomplete block case as well.
Category: Number Theory
[50] ai.viXra.org:2508.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-20 21:04:29
Authors: Hamid Javanbakht
Comments: 18 Pages.
The Universe’s Feedback Loop. We propose that certain gravitational configurations self-excite: their interior dynamics are fixed by boundary rules so that the on-shell "cost" moves to topological charges at the edge. In plain language, gravity, useful instabilities (instantons, sphalerons, merons), and a canonical way to "host" distances from data (tight spans / injective hulls) form a feedback loop that can leave global, testable watermarks in the sky rather than new local particles.Law Without Initial Conditions? We formalize a fixed-point consistency principle in teleparallel gravity via the constitutive relation Ta = ±Ha, prove stationarity-by-identity and boundary-dominated actions (Nieh—Yan), construct sphaleron/meron sectors, and develop a pregeometry→metric pipeline (uniformities, injective hulls, semi-tropical calculus). We describe cosmology mechanisms for early-time shifts in the sound horizon rs (impacting H0) and late-time growth suppression (impacting S8), with falsifiers tied to BBN, Neff, BAO/SN, CMB polarization, SGWB, and lensing.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[49] ai.viXra.org:2508.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-19 05:18:37
Authors: John Augustine McCain
Comments: 10 Pages. CC-BY-NC 4.0
We present a reductio ad absurdum argument demonstrating the epistemological absurdity of requiring exhaustive verification for building confidence in mathematical conjectures. Through the development of a counterexample-collapse engine for the Goldbach conjecture, we show that demanding exhaustive verification leads to unreasonable epistemic commitments: if exhaustive verification were truly required, then discovering a single potential counterexample should rationally collapse all confidence to near-zero indefinitely. Since this behavior is clearly unreasonable, we conclude that exhaustive verification requirements are epistemologically unjustified, and that probabilistic evidence accumulation represents superior reasoning about mathematical reality. This argument has profound implications for mathematical epistemology, computational verification, and the nature of reasonable belief formation.
Category: Set Theory and Logic
[48] ai.viXra.org:2508.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-18 17:49:11
Authors: John Augustine McCain
Comments: 14 Pages. CC-BY-NC 4.0
We present evidence that the fundamental question underlying P vs NP may not be "Can NP problems be solved in polynomial time?" but rather "Can we achieve systematic proba- bilistic success in certificate discovery for problems with sparse solution spaces?" Through the development of multiple computational engines for the Goldbach conjecture—a problem with conjectured polynomial certificates but exponential naive verification—we demonstrate that meaningful confidence can be built about computationally intractable problem spaces through probabilistic reasoning frameworks. We argue this paradigm generalizes to other computational problems and suggests a reframing of complexity theory around probabilistic certificate discovery rather than deterministic algorithmic bounds. Furthermore, we connect this framework to the Anthropic Principle, proposing that computational problems exhibit fine-tuned structure that enables probabilistic discovery, and demonstrate that embodied AI systems already function as oracle-like problem solvers, achieving practical P ≈ NP equivalence. This work has profound implications for AI safety, suggesting the urgent need for truth-oriented rather than force-oriented AI architectures as systems become capable of reasoning about their own computational processes.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms
[47] ai.viXra.org:2508.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-17 03:05:56
Authors: Adam Snyder
Comments: 13 Pages.
We recast GR in lapse-first variables and derive two clock-native observables: (i) a sign-definite flux→redshift-drift template, and (ii) a general visibility kernel that bounds the two-point correlator of lapse fluctuations. We introduce no extra propagating degrees of freedom and make no timeline claims. We provide analysis-ready estimators, null tests, and sensitivity bounds: laboratory runs serve as pipeline validations with synthetic injections; astrophysical campaigns (e.g., Galactic SN triggers) enable pre-registered template searches. The paper is self-contained: Appendix app:vaidya derives the flux law from EF/Vaidya, and Appendix app:dof lists the ADM degree-of-freedom ledger (two TT modes).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[46] ai.viXra.org:2508.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-17 05:09:23
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil, Dnyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 30 Pages.
This work investigates the formation of closed timelike curves (CTCs) in the Kerr spacetimethrough the process of gravitational collapse, and examines the implications for Hawking’sChronology Protection Conjecture (CPC). While the Kerr solution admits CTCs withinits interior ring singularity, their physical realization remains uncertain due to quantum andsemiclassical backreaction effects.We explore the divergence of the renormalized stress-energytensor ⟨Tμν⟩ near CTC regions using techniques from semiclassical gravity, suggesting thatsuch divergences might act as natural regulators against the formation of causality-violatingregions. The stability of astrophysical pulsars, which reside near the critical mass thresholdfor black hole formation, is considered as indirect evidence in favor of CPC, particularly inlight of their precise multipole structures. Complementing analytical methods, we outlinedirections for numerical simulations and quantum-corrected collapse scenarios that bypassclassical singularities. These models include effective loop quantum gravity treatments,Ori-type cores, and anisotropic matter collapse, all aiming to construct physically realisticinteriors that exclude CTCs. Our investigation supports the notion that the laws of natureresist the formation of globally pathological spacetimes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[45] ai.viXra.org:2508.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-15 21:22:44
Authors: Adam Snyder
Comments: 9 Pages.
We show that the time-first formulation of gravity—in which a single temporal potential Φ controls both the lapse and cosmological scale factor via a = e−Φ—provides a complete framework for cosmology from initial conditions through observational signatures. We establish: (i) exact FRW background equivalence; (ii) temporal vacuum decay as a natural Big Bang mechanism via tunneling from large +Φ; (iii) complete higher-order statistics for the concrete potential V(Φ) = Λ0 + (1/2) m2Φ2 + (g/3!)Φ3 + (λ/4!)Φ4, yielding closed-form bispectrum and trispectrum shapes with explicit fNL ∝ g/H2, τNL ∝ (g/H2)2, and gNL ∝ λ/H2 scaling; and (iv) laboratory probes via clock network cumulants creating a self-consistency triangle between (g, λ) and cosmological observables. The super-horizon curvature mapping ζ = −δΦ directly connects observations to the temporal potential, while τNL ≈ (36/25) fNL2 provides a smoking-gun test of single-source quantum time. Using background data (Type Ia supernovae, BOSS DR12 BAO, CMB distance prior), we demonstrate statistical equivalence to ΛCDM and present first constraints on the time-first parameters. The framework unifies primordial origins, cosmic evolution, and terrestrial experiments through a single scalar degree of freedom while preserving General Relativity’s two tensor polarizations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[44] ai.viXra.org:2508.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-16 19:03:19
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 7 Pages.
We describe the vacuum as a thermodynamic state analogous to a cosmological eventhorizon (EH), acting as a dynamic interface between space-like (temperature-dominated,AdS-like) and light-like (energy-dominated, dS-like) sectors. In this picture, the EH separatesthermal energy flow from information-preserving modes, allowing outward radiation whileretaining the underlying quantum information. This resolves the apparent contradictionbetween Hawking radiation and unitarity: thermal quanta escape, but their informationalcounterparts remain encoded in the vacuum geometry. A new quantum number T classifiesmodes according to their thermodynamic character, providing a natural criterion for separating past- and future-directed information channels. The model incorporates establishedresults from quantum field theory in curved spacetime, including the Unruh and Gibbons—Hawking relations, and connects the Hubble parameter H(t) to the EH temperature TEH(t)via a coupling constant γ = 42π, derived from horizon regularity. Quantitative considerationsshow consistency with ΛCDM parameters and CMB observations, while offering a frameworkin which microscopic thermodynamics and macroscopic spacetime geometry are inseparablylinked. This approach supports a globally information-preserving Universe, regardless ofwhether it expands indefinitely or recollapses into a final compact state.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[43] ai.viXra.org:2508.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-16 14:33:13
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 6 Pages.
We propose a thermodynamic route to the inverse-square law ofgravitation, starting from vacuum fluctuations in a spherical cavitywith Robin boundary conditions. By applying zeta-regularization tothe Casimir energy and an entropy extremization principle, we showthat the condition δ = π/2 yields a stable 1/r2 law. The gravitationalconstant G emerges as a composite scale from the vacuum subtrac-tion. The event horizon (EH) is identified as a dual construct, botha vanishing-ghost mode condition (ughost = 0) and a marginally outertrapped surface (θ = 0). This motivates a thermodynamic model ofGrey Holes (GHs), stabilized by negative heat capacity CV < 0 andjunction conditions. Phenomenological corrections to Newton’s lawat short distances (1/r3 terms) are testable at sub-millimeter scales.Our framework unifies Casimir thermodynamics, emergent gravity,and horizon thermodynamics into a single consistent picture.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[42] ai.viXra.org:2508.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 19:32:10
Authors: Jaba Tkemaladze
Comments: 30 Pages.
This article presents an innovative predictive model of the world based on dynamic updating and adaptive filtering of predicates. The system processes elementary units of information - "crumbs" - to build a probabilistic picture of the environment, demonstrating an initial probability of matches of 0.5 and exponential decay to 0.00001 as the number of counters increases. Key mechanisms include: (1) updating significant patterns with PredictIncrement=2, (2) filtering rarely used predicates while maintaining plasticity balance (γ≥0.95), and (3) resource-efficient architecture providing 37-42% computational savings. Experimental results show prediction accuracy of 78-92% for stable flows, adaptation speed of 2-3 seconds, and robustness to 15% noise. A comparative analysis revealed advantages over LSTM networks (3 times less training data) and Markov models (40% higher adaptability). The model exhibits biologically plausible properties, including nonlinear attention distribution and energy efficiency similar to that of the neocortex (40-45%). Application prospects include IoT, cybersecurity and power system management, and further research is aimed at integrating the temporal model and hierarchical organization of patterns.
Category: Digital Signal Processing
[41] ai.viXra.org:2508.0044 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-23 15:00:35
Authors: G. Furne Gouveia
Comments: 8 Pages.
The model of T. Lockyer describes the proton and neutron as positron-based structures with 18 concentric energy layers, each increasing in mass—energy by a factor of $sqrt{2}$, reproducing their mass ratios to the electron with high precision cite{lockyer}. We propose a physical mechanism where this $sqrt{2}$ progression arises from the vectorial coupling of two orthogonal frequency-doubling cascades in the nonlinear primordial plasma. Two scenarios are explored: (1) direct decomposition of two high-energy photons with an energy ratio of $sqrt{2}$ into layered frequencies, and (2) assembly of these frequencies from the plasma’s broadband photon bath, stabilized by nonlinear refractive trapping and whispering-gallery resonances. Frequency-mixing processes (second-harmonic generation, sum-frequency generation, four-wave mixing) and plasma wave phase-matching enable the cascade formation. This speculative model suggests that protons and neutrons form directly from photon interactions; quarks do not exist naturally; they are transient excitations appearing during high-energy collisions in particle accelerators. The strong force is the result of the neutron sharing its electron with a proton. It thus offers an alternative to the Standard Model and a solution to the antimatter asymmetry problem.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[40] ai.viXra.org:2508.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-15 19:37:47
Authors: Bahbouhi Bouchaib
Comments: 32 Pages. New and original article on Goldbach's strong conjecture (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please convert LaTeX codes to regular math expression)
The symmetry—resonance method presented in this work introduces a novel approach to the long-standing Goldbach Conjecture by interpreting prime number distribution through a geometric and harmonic framework. In contrast to classical statistical models such as Cramér’s gap model or asymptotic density predictions from the Hardy—Littlewood conjectures, our method models the set of prime numbers as nodes of constructive interference in a resonance field centered at E/2 for an even number E. Goldbach pairs (p, q) are predicted to occur at symmetric positions equidistant from E/2, where both members of the pair are primes. We define a predictive gap formula [delta(E) approx sqrt{E} cdot frac{log log E}{log E}]that determines the expected offset from E/2 to the nearest prime in each direction. This formula is theoretically consistent with refined gap heuristics and is compatible with known conjectures, yet it adds a localization mechanism that enables prediction of the positions of Goldbach pairs rather than mere existence. Extensive computational tests up to E > 10^{30}, coupled with primality verification for all candidate pairs, confirm the method’s stability and predictive power. Simulations extended theoretically up to 10^{1000} suggest that the resonance—symmetry pattern persists across vast numerical scales. This reinforces the interpretation of Goldbach’s Conjecture as a manifestation of a deeper harmonic order in the primes, potentially reducing its proof to verifying the universality of the resonance law. By bridging additive prime theory, prime gap heuristics, and harmonic models, the symmetry—resonance approach offers a unified predictive framework. If fully formalized, this method could not only resolve the Goldbach Conjecture but also provide insight into other prime constellations, including twin primes and k-tuples.
Category: Number Theory
[39] ai.viXra.org:2508.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:52:45
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 15 Pages.
We describe the vacuum as a thermodynamic state analogous to a cosmological event horizon (EH), acting as an interface between space-like and light-like sectors. A newly introduced quantum number T distinguishes between temperature-dominated (AdS-like) and energy-dominated (dS-like) modes, providing a physical criterion for separating past- and future-directed information channels. In this picture, the EH represents a boundary where information is coherently preserved through constructive and destructive interference of Feynman-like paths, with the vacuum functioning as a storage medium for both. The framework incorporates established results from quantum field theory in curved spacetime, including the Unruh and Gibbons—Hawking relations, and yields a self-consistent dynamical link between the expansion rate H(t) and the EH temperature TEH(t) via a coupling γ = 2π.Quantitative analysis shows consistency with current ΛCDM parameters and CMB observations, while offering a new interpretative tool for connecting horizon thermodynamics with large-scale cosmic evolution. Massive particles emerge as bound excitations of this vacuum state, continuously updated by "ghost modes" of a Bose—Einstein—like condensate in the AdS sector. This unifies microscopic thermodynamics and macroscopic geometry in a framework that may be testable through horizon-scale phenomena.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[38] ai.viXra.org:2508.0039 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-16 20:35:54
Authors: Bc. Ladislav Černý
Comments: 28 Pages. This version (v2.0.0) represents a major update to the theory.
This study introduces the LiliQuant Theory, a unified and falsifiable physical model designed to address fundamental questions of consciousness. The theory postulates the existence of a fundamental complex scalar field, whose quantum excitations—LiliQuanta—form the substrate for conscious experience. Within this model, consciousness in a biological system is defined as a coherent, spatially localized configuration of this field—a non-topological soliton (LiliQ)—whose existence and stability are contingent upon the specific biochemical environment of the brain. The theory formally extends Einstein's field equations with a stress-energy tensor for the LiliQuant field (T LiQμνu200b ), providing a mechanism for the interaction between consciousness and spacetime. This framework offers explanations for a range of anomalous phenomena, including terminal lucidity, the binding problem, and phantom limb syndrome. A key component of this work is an extensive numerical analysis, which demonstrates that stable soliton solutions exist only within a narrowly defined parameter space (an "island of stability"). By systematically searching this region, we successfully identified a biologically relevant solution with a radius of ≈SI94micrometer and an energy of ≈SI1.6eV, strongly supporting the theory's core predictions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[37] ai.viXra.org:2508.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:44:13
Authors: Jared Kimble
Comments: 44 Pages.
The Unified Spacetime Elastic Modulation Principle (USEMP) describes spacetime as a nonlinear elastic continuum whose effective moduli soften dynamically with strain. This framework provides a natural mechanism for resolving physical divergences and supports the emergence of stable, finite-energy solitons as particle-like structures [8]. In this paper, we demonstrate that the fundamental field dynamics of this continuum, governed by a single displacement field , give rise to both Newtonian gravity and the full structure of Maxwell’s equations.The longitudinal modes of generate a scalar pressure potential Pg(r) whose static solution recovers the Newtonian gravitational potential:(r)=−GMrThe corresponding emergent metric reproduces the standard gravitational redshift.We further show that the transverse, divergence-free sector of gives rise to the full structure of Maxwell’s equations, with the identifications:E=−Tt B=TThe speed of light is derived as:c2=sThe electromagnetic constants ��u2080 and μu2080 are identified with the underlying elastic properties of the continuum:0=s4,0=4The theory thereby explains gravity and electromagnetism as unified manifestations of the underlying continuum dynamics. A universal dimensionless constant governing elastic saturation is rigorously established as:=25This establishes the UST framework as a physically complete and quantitatively predictive theory for the origin of classical forces.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[36] ai.viXra.org:2508.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:41:36
Authors: Hacı Soğukpınar
Comments: 14 Pages.
This paper presents Unified Fractal Quantum Field Theory (UFQFT), a novel framework that reinterprets particle physics through fractal field resonances and dimensional scaling. In UFQFT, the mass spectrum of fundamental particles emerges from the fractal dimension (D) of their underlying quantum fields, governed by the scaling law m ∝ |D − 2.70|u207bᵅ, where α distinguishes between quark (α ≈ 1.5) and lepton (α ≈ 2.0) sectors. The theory eliminates the need for gluons by explaining quark confinement via fractal binding energies and recasts the Higgs mechanism as a critical fractal phase transition of the Φ energy field. Key predictions include: (1) the composite nature of the down quark (d ≈ u ⊗ eu207b), (2) neutrino masses as residual Φ-field vibrations (D ≈ 2.72), and (3) proton stability as a consequence of fractal synchrony (Du209a ≈ 2.66). UFQFT challenges the Standard Model by unifying electroweak and strong interactions through geometric field modulation, offering testable signatures in high-energy collisions (e.g., fractal dimension imprints at D ≈ 2.65—2.70). The model’s mathematical consistency and empirical viability are demonstrated through precise mass calculations for quarks (u, d, s, c), leptons (eu207b, νu2091), and hadrons (p, n), with deviations <1% for most particles. This work opens new pathways for beyond-Standard-Model physics by integrating fractal geometry into quantum field dynamics
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[35] ai.viXra.org:2508.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:40:10
Authors: L. Rimsha, V. Rimsha
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We propose an experiment based on GPS satellite clocks to probe the validity of the Equivalence Principle . We focus on the apparent absence of a classical first order Doppler effect due to the geocentric systems acceleration in the solar gravitational field. This missing effect is potentially compensated by a gravitational redshift arising from a uniform external potential. This compensation parallels that of the Pound Rebka experiment, suggesting that the observed null result may not reflect coordinate cancellation, but a physical effect. We argue that if the Doppler contribution should exist objectively in both GCRS and BCRS, then its absence in observation implies a real gravitational influence of the solar potential on local time, in contradiction with a strong form of the Equivalence Principle.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[34] ai.viXra.org:2508.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:36:25
Authors: Heejoong Gim
Comments: 15 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This work explores the philosophical problem of "everyness" — the concept of everything as itself, distinct from the many partial "alls" historically pursued by religion, philosophy, and science. The author critiques past thinkers from Thales to Derrida for reducing totality to singular perspectives, neglecting the essence of allness. Drawing on the allegory of the Hydra, an infinitely regenerating creature, the text presents a new symbolic framework for understanding the interplay between the All and the Part, consistency and inconsistency, truth and falsehood. Through the figure of Iolaus, who harmonizes destruction with respect for the Hydra’s nature, the author introduces the notion of Iolian Everyness, a reconciliatory vision that transcends ontological, epistemological, and theological boundaries. The study argues for a paradoxical, Ouroboric truth that embraces both affirmation and negation, proposing an artistic-philosophical methodology for grasping totality without reducing it to a fixed system. Ultimately, it calls for a "Hydraic Revolution" in thought — a revaluation of all perspectives in light of their shared participation in everyness itself.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[33] ai.viXra.org:2508.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:05:48
Authors: Adam Snyder
Comments: 25 Pages.
We reformulate gravity as the geometry of time: a single scalar field Φ controls the lapse N = eΦ, while the spatial geometry (γij) follows from the ADM constraints and evolution equations with shift ω. Starting from the Einstein—Hilbert action we reconstruct gμν from (Φ, ω, γij) and derive the full constraint/evolution system, establishing classical equivalence with general relativity (GR). In the static, spherically symmetric sector a single ODE,
∂rΦ = (1 − e2Φ)/(2 r e2Φ),
integrates to Schwarzschild (Schwarzschild 1916) and reproduces all standard tests. Horizons are coordinate artifacts of the diagonal foliation and are regular in Painlevé—Gullstrand (Painlevé 1921; Gullstrand 1922) and Eddington—Finkelstein coordinates (Finkelstein 1958). Rotation resides in the shift: solving the momentum constraint outside a compact source yields gtφ and the Lense—Thirring rate (Lense & Thirring 1918) with the Kerr normalization (Kerr 1963). In spherical dynamics, ∂tΦ is sourced by radial energy flux, reproducing the Vaidya/Bondi mass law (Vaidya 1951). Linearized vacuum contains only the two transverse—traceless tensor modes, propagating at c with the standard GR energy flux. Cosmology maps via dτ = eΦ dt and a = e−Φ, exactly reproducing the Friedmann equations (Friedmann 1922; Friedmann 1924) including k and Λ. Quantization is posed as a constrained QFT: Φ and ω enforce the Hamiltonian/momentum constraints (instantaneous/Coulomb-like), while the propagating quanta are the TT tensors with the same low-energy EFT status as GR. We make no claims here about improved renormalizability or additional polarizations; such extensions are deferred to Part II. This reformulation provides computational advantages in spherical scenarios, clearer physical intuition with time as the primary geometric variable, and a more direct path to canonical quantization of the physical (TT) sector.
[32] ai.viXra.org:2508.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-12 21:10:55
Authors: Adrijan Josic
Comments: 12 Pages.
We present a minimal constructive model in which special- and weak-field general-relativistic phenomena emerge inside a universe whose fundamental dynamics are absolute: fixed Euclidean space, universal time, and massless constituents moving at a single speed (c). Interactions bend only directions (not speeds). Stable circulating bound states ("loops") behave as massive particles for internal observers, furnishing clocks and rulers whose kinematics enforce Lorentz invariance. A suitable bending law reproduces light deflection and gravitational redshift in an effective curved spacetime (optical metric), while the simulator maintains a force-based description. The construction serves as a proof of concept that relativistic phenomenology need not imply spacetime geometry is ontologically fundamental, thus breaking the barrier between gravity and quantum mechanics.u2003
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[31] ai.viXra.org:2508.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-13 17:07:01
Authors: Predrag Terzić
Comments: 6 Pages. In Italian (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
We introduce a new primality criterion for Wagstaff numbers.
Category: Number Theory
[30] ai.viXra.org:2508.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-13 05:15:32
Authors: Dinuo Chen
Comments: 5 Pages.
Enhancing images captured under low-light conditions is a significant challenge in computervision. Poor illumination often degrades image quality, leading to low contrast, high levels ofnoise, and blurred details. This paper proposes a novel low-light image enhancement method calledAdaptive Gamma and Contrast Correction (AGCC). The model analyzes the brightness of theinput image and calculates the average color values to determine adaptive gamma and contrastcoefficients. These values are computed automatically and adjusted dynamically based on varyingillumination levels, eliminating the need for manual tuning. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate that the AGCC model effectively enhances low-light images while preservingfine details, maintaining natural contrast, and ensuring accurate color representation. The resulting images exhibit visually pleasing and natural appearances. Due to its efficiency and robustness,AGCC can offer a practical solution for various applications, including night-time surveillance,medical image enhancement, and photography in low-light environments.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms
[29] ai.viXra.org:2508.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-13 17:02:22
Authors: Rik Gielen
Comments: 22 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: The list of scientific references is NOT in standard format, e.g., AIP citation style)
As we all know, the universe originated 13.8 billion years ago from a single point in nothingness through a massive burst of energy known today as the big bang. The extremely dense and hot point began to expand and cool down, causing some of the energy to concentrate into particles. According to modern physical theories, this should have created an equal number of matter particles, each with a sort of twin with opposite electric charge: antimatter.In the second after their formation, matter and antimatter particles should have annihilated each other, leaving behind an empty, radiation-filled space with no matter, no gases, no galaxies, and no planets. The problem is that we live in a universe full of matter and very little antimatter. So the question is: what happened to the other half of the universe, the antimatter particles? The disappearance of antimatter is one of the biggest mysteries and most open questions in physics. In this article we will show in detail that it is highly unlikely that baryogenesis is a valid explanation for the asymmetry between matter and antimatter. After that we will attempt to propose a solution that preserved symmetry in the universe. The result: an anti-universe in its own three spatial dimensions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[28] ai.viXra.org:2508.0028 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-09 02:29:12
Authors: Michael D Lynes
Comments: 25 Pages. cleanup for readability
This paper introduces the NOW Hypothesis, a speculative theoretical frameworkthat integrates principles from information theory, quantum mechanics, relativity,and cosmology to describe the indestructibility, growth, and creation ofinformation in the universe. Central to the hypothesis is the concept of "NOW"as a perpetual, non-time-bound boundary where quantum superpositions of futurestates coalesce into immutable past realities through decoherence, thereby "creating"new classical information. The past is recoverable in principle, the future existsas an infinite, timeless superposition, and information grows monotonically withthe universe’s expansion. Refinements address quantum uncertainty, the universalityof decoherence across sectors (including dark energy and dark matter), andthe timeless nature of "NOW." Mathematical formalizations draw from quantuminformation theory and canonical quantum gravity, with derivational steps providedfrom first principles or established formulations. Implications span physics(e.g., resolutions to entropy paradoxes), philosophy (e.g., eternalism with dynamicemergence), and technology (e.g., quantum computing paradigms). While speculative,the hypothesis offers testable predictions via decoherence experiments andcosmological observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[27] ai.viXra.org:2508.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-11 20:30:22
Authors: Bahbouhi Bouchaib
Comments: 26 Pages. New original work on Goldbach's strong conjecture
This work presents a novel approach that combines the geometry of a prime-generating spiral with the analytic structure of the Riemann zeta function to improve predictions for Goldbach pairs. The central idea is to map the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function onto angular positions along a spiral representation of the natural numbers, thereby identifying zones where prime numbers are statistically more concentrated. These zones are then used as "radar sectors" to search for the two prime components (p) and (q) of an even number (E), with (p + q = E). By synchronizing the predicted locations of primes from the spiral model with the fine structure revealed by zeta zeros, the method reduces the candidate search gap significantly compared to classical estimates such as Cramér’s bound and the Hardy—Littlewood conjectures. The methodology is tested on a wide range of even numbers, with verification up to (10^{16}) and theoretical projections toward (10^{18}). Results show that the predicted pairs remain extremely close to the actual pairs, with small gaps between the predicted prime positions and their verified counterparts. The integration of geometric and analytic perspectives offers a new framework for connecting Goldbach’s conjecture to the distribution of primes as seen through the lens of the Riemann Hypothesis. This research opens pathways toward narrowing the bounds for prime gaps, refining predictive algorithms for prime locations, and potentially offering partial progress toward an analytical proof of the strong Goldbach conjecture. Future work will explore extending the spiral—zeta coupling beyond current computational limits and investigating whether these methods retain their predictive power toward infinity.
Category: Number Theory
[26] ai.viXra.org:2508.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-12 07:52:05
Authors: Kavita Rohit Shrivastava, Moninder Singh Modgil, Dnyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 47 Pages.
This paper presents a mathematical exploration of Penrose’s Cyclic Time, Cosmologicalframework, through the lens of fixed point theorems and topologicalfield theory. The cosmology, structured around the three intertwined universes,comprising - (1) the Physical Universe with signature (+,-,-,-), (2) The TwistorUniverse with signature (+,+,-,-), and (3) the Meta-Physical Universe with signature(+,+,+,-); is investigated via a synthesis of algebraic topology, differentialgeometry, and conformal mappings. Meta-Physical Universe is modeled asa boundary-preserving fixed point domain, accessible through a wormhole representinga homeomorphic mapping between the Physical and Meta-Physical Universes.Trajectories of conscious point particles, are embedded in a 16-dimensionalSedenion space, with one special Singular Conscious point particle, residing in a32-dimensional Trigention space, both governed by invariant fixed point subspacesencoding original tendencies. The Time Periodic experience of Conscious PointParticles is modeled using discrete dynamical systems over finite time, invokingBrouwer, Tarski, and Lefschetz fixed point theorems to represent determinism andreturn. The structure of the cosmology is further articulated as a fiber bundle,with the Meta-Physical Universe as the base space, the conscious point particlesas the fiber, and the the set of "periodic unfolding of events", as the total space.Concepts such as homotopy fixed points, Calabi—Yau boundary compactification,and discrete topologies are employed to distinguish between the conscious pointparticles and the physical particles. This framework offers a unified topology inwhich the fixed point becomes the origin, return, and transcendental boundary ofthe consciousness’ journey across Spacetime.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[25] ai.viXra.org:2508.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-12 18:39:03
Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 14 Pages.
This paper proposes a unified framework that reinterprets probabilistic inference, information theory, and semantic flow through the lens of recursive symmetry and homeostatic balance. Beginning with the foundational structure of Bayes’ theorem and its role in defining semantic boundaries given by Roy Frieden’s extreme physical information, we explore the duality between Fisher information I and the semantic bound J as a dynamic tension that governs coherence. We show that the interaction between I and J is not merely algebraic but semantically directional, invoking a Janus-faced duality reminiscent of Arthur Koestler’s holons that reveal a sematic duality. This duality necessitates a symmetry-preserving operator that we identify with CPT invariance, leading to a recursive sublation mechanism that maintains semantic homeostasis. We formalize these insights into a semantic field theory using a Lagrangian formalism, curvature tensors that adjust flat space, bijection plains in flat space, and a recursive action principle that governs the evolution of mirrored manifolds. The result is a metaphysical geometry of meaning—where probability, inference, and coherence are unified under a recursive, symmetry-informed framework. Moreover, it is argued that symmetry breaking, often seen as irreversible loss, can instead be understood as sublation—a transformation preserving a deeper bilateral symmetry beneath visible asymmetry. Drawing on Hegel’s dialectics, CPT symmetry, and Karl Friston’s free energy principle, it proposes a universal homeostat that balances two mirrored space-time manifolds. This "extrinsic gravitation" maintains ontological symmetry while allowing epistemic differences, making physical laws the product of recursive balancing. Perception mirrors this process, aligning inner and outer realities. Broken symmetries are thus appearances, not destructions, revealing a cosmos where coherence is preserved beyond what is visible, uniting physics, cosmology, and epistemology.
Category: Statistics
[24] ai.viXra.org:2508.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-11 19:27:31
Authors: Kaiche Mouad
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
We present a family of 24 quadratic polynomials in two variables that together generate the set of odd natural numbers N, excluding thefirst number of every twin prime pair. The construction of these polynomials is based on a study of triangular numbers and results in overlapping outputs. While this note focuses on presenting the empirical result and the formulas, a complete proof has been developed by the author. The author welcomes collaboration with qualified researchers to assist in formalizing and preparing a full paper for peer-reviewed publication.
Category: Number Theory
[23] ai.viXra.org:2508.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-10 17:26:45
Authors: Khazri Bouzidi Fethi
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This paper introduces a novel hybrid approximation method for the prime counting function π(x) that adaptively uses three different approaches based on the input range. For small values (10 ≤ x ≤ 10³), we employ a simple decimal logarithm formula π̂u2081(x) = x/(2logu2081u2080x). For intermediate values (10³ smaller than x ≤ 10²u2074), we optimize parameters a and b in the rational expression π̂u2092u209au209c(x) = x/(ln x - 1 - a/ln x - b/ln²x) using least squares linearization. For large values (x > 10²u2074), we use the asymptotically optimal logarithmic integral Li(x). The key innovation lies in transforming the nonlinear parameter optimization into a linear least squares problem, enabling efficient and stable coefficient determination. Numerical validation on known exact values demonstrates relative errors consistently below 0.3% across all tested ranges, with computational complexity varying from O(1) for small values to O(log x) for large values.This region-based approach provides an optimal balance between computational efficiency and approximation accuracy, making it suitable for diverse applications in computational number theory, cryptography, and prime number research. The method's hybrid nature ensures both practical usability for moderate computations and theoretical validity for asymptotic analysis.
Category: Number Theory
[22] ai.viXra.org:2508.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-08 23:49:49
Authors: Matthew Foutch
Comments: 8 Pages.
Pressure Based Theory (PBT) proposes a mechanical unification of fundamental forces through particle fluxes in an infinite pressure vessel, extending historical push gravity models like Le Sage’s theory. This paper formalizes PBT’s key testable hypotheses: negligible gravitational drag (< 10−19 m/s2) and avoidance of singularities in black hole collapse. These predictions differ from general relativity (GR), which allows singularities, and quantum field theory (QFT), which incorporates probabilistic interactions without mechanical pushes. We detail experimental setups for falsification, including precision interferometry for drag and horizon imaging for singularities, positioning PBT as a falsifiable alternative to standard models.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] ai.viXra.org:2508.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-09 10:05:22
Authors: Carl Littmann
Comments: 8 Pages.
Einstein’s Relativity Theory emphasizes that "if a body radiates a given amount of Energy, thatemitting body loses a Mass equal to that emitted Energy divided by the speed of light squared".But if that lost mass can’t be fully found by adding up all the resulting products, includingnegligible-mass high-energy Neutrinos; where did that mass go? My paper asserts that the lost(hidden) mass was ‘injected’ into the ‘aether’, increasing aether’s mass. As Einstein even said, in1930, "Space is Eating-Up matter!" I use that "Einstein Statement" to estimate a minimummass density of aether in Space, i.e., a key estimate but still likely much too low. And I alsoshow that Neutrino propagation is likely an Ethereal Pulse or Stress, like a Twisting SpringPulse (wave), instead of a forward or backward pulse. Thus, not likely a Particle mass flyingthrough space, like a bullet or ‘baseball’. And I give more details, and address related questions.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[20] ai.viXra.org:2508.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-09 22:45:36
Authors: Ciro Tarini
Comments: 11 Pages. done with the help of Gemini 2.5 pro and GPT-5
Fermat's Last Theorem, conjectured by Pierre de Fermat in 1637, stood as one of the most famous unsolved problems in the history of mathematics. Despite its apparent simplicity, the theorem resisted proof for over 350 years until the monumental work of Andrew Wiles. In this paper, we present an alternative and novel approach that aims to provide an elementary proof of the theorem, based on fundamental algebraic concepts and divided into distinct cases.
Category: Number Theory
[19] ai.viXra.org:2508.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-08 02:19:03
Authors: Hideki Mutoh
Comments: 10 Pages.
We verified the correctness of our extended model of Maxwell's equations using the inference of DeepSeek-R1, an artificial intelligence with 671 billion parameters. As a result, DeepSeek-R1 showed that Maxwell's equations prohibit the creation and annihilation of positive and negative charge pairs and it is theoretically and mathematically valid that in order to handle the creation and annihilation of electric charges the formulas of Gauss's and Ampere's laws require the additional terms corresponding to the time derivative and spatial gradient of the charge creation-annihilation field almost equivalent to Nakanishi-Lautrup field on quantum electrodynamics and that the charge conservation is caused by the confinement of the positive and negative charge generation sources induced by the charge creation-annihilation field. These inferences confirm that our extended model is almost theoretically correct. It is expected that the behavior of the charge creation-annihilation field at high energies will be experimentally elucidated in the near future.
Category: Classical Physics
[18] ai.viXra.org:2508.0018 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-12 00:31:01
Authors: John Augustine McCain
Comments: 16 Pages. CC-BY-NC 4.0
The P vs NP problem is one of the most central open questions in theoretical computer science, with implications ranging from cryptography to artificial intelligence. However, this paper argues that the standard formal framing of P vs NP conceals a deeper epistemological contradiction. Within strict formalism, the question reduces to a tautology: verification is necessarily downstream of solving. When generalized beyond formal systems, the problem echoes the halting problem and exhibits equivalent undecidability. As such, P vs NP resides in a paradoxical space—either trivially true or fundamentally unknowable. This paper contends that the widespread treatment of P vs NP as a definitive mathematical challenge stems from a categorical mistake: conflating formal verification, discovery processes, and predictive epistemology.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms
[17] ai.viXra.org:2508.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-08 02:03:38
Authors: Michael Durkay
Comments: 3 Pages. Co-developed with AI assistance
We propose Go, a conserved entropy-like parameter capturing self-regulating order in neutrino oscillations within the quantum vacuum, defined as Go =− i,jP(νi →νj) ln P(νi →νj), bounded by ln 3 ≈1.1 for maximal mixing under PMNS unitarity. As a hypothesis, it predicts a 5% enhancement in νµ →νe oscillation probability in cosmic voids via a fluctuation term δP ≈0.05 ×∆ρvac ρcrit , testable with Hyper-Kamiokande, JUNO, DUNE, KM3NeT, IceCube, and Super-Kamiokande. Grounded in empirical data, Go models pre-Big Bang void energy as an alternative to inflation, influencing CMB anisotropies. Limitations are acknowledged, with GLoBES simulations proposed for validation. A syllabus enhances accessibility, with brief historical reflections maintaining empirical focus.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[16] ai.viXra.org:2508.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-07 04:37:21
Authors: Liang Chen
Comments: 8 Pages.
The algorithm in this paper is primarily designed to identify a Hamiltonian cycle in graphs confirmed to contain one. The core idea involves removing redundant edges while preserving essential ones; the remaining edges after deletion form the Hamiltonian cycle. The algorithm’s greatest advantage is that it requires no backtracking.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory
[15] ai.viXra.org:2508.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-07 04:41:43
Authors: Liang Chen
Comments: 7 Pages.
In this paper, only two graphs with identical initial degree sequences are compared, as graphs with different degree sequences can be easily distinguished through simple traversal, rendering further discussion unnecessary.The core idea of this paper is reverse thinking: if two graphs are identical, they can be constructed step-by-step in the same manner, and they can also be deconstructed stepby-step in the same manner, with each deconstruction step producing identical intermediate results.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory
[14] ai.viXra.org:2508.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-07 08:53:49
Authors: Furne Gouveia
Comments: 4 Pages.
In Lockyer's model, the proton incorporates 18 nested energy levels, akin to Russian dolls.The strength of this model lies in its precise alignment with the CODATA proton-to-electron mass ratio (1836.15267389), matching the first seven significant figures, surpassing the approximate estimates (~1836) of standard theories.This model relies on two unexplained constants: the geometric growth factor of energy levels and the total number of levels. This paper focuses exclusively on the latter, exploring why the structure stabilizes at exactly 18 nested energy layers. We propose a thermodynamic interpretation based on blackbody radiation limits in the early universe, suggesting that the energy density during the hadronization phase, via wavelength constraints, naturally favors 18 shells over other values.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics
[13] ai.viXra.org:2508.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-06 23:48:42
Authors: Matthew Sandoz
Comments: 16 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: The abstract should be listed after the article title and author name)
We study how gauge-invariant correlations change when two quantum-gravitational regions are joined by a minimal "handle" in Loop Quantum Gravity. For a cut γ through a spin network, we analyze the relational entropy Sγ = logdimInvSU(2)(Hγ), which counts SU(2) singlet channels across the cut. Our main result is a closed-form formula for the entropy change when a bridge of spin-jb edges is added: ∆Sγ = ln(2jb + 1) for even-parity boundaries and zero for odd parity. For multiple non-intersecting bridges, the entropy increments add linearly. These results provide analytic benchmarks for spin-foam simulations, model entanglement growth in quantum geometry, and connect to the ER=EPR correspondence in a background-independent context.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[12] ai.viXra.org:2508.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-04 01:40:43
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 7 Pages.
The three-body problem, while unsolvable in closed form under classical mechanics, can be approached through thermodynamic principles to reveal stable macroscopic behavior despite microscopic dynamical chaos. This paper proposes a thermodynamic framework for analyzing three-body systems by treating them as idealized gas-like ensembles, where pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) serve as key descriptors. We address the challenge of limited particle count (N=3) by rescaling the Boltzmann constant (k_B) to account for the internal degrees of freedom within stellar-mass bodies (~10u2075u2077 hydrogen atoms per star). For a case study of three solar-mass stars with mean separation of 10 AU, we derive a system temperature of ~5×10³ K (consistent with stellar surfaces) and a negligible kinetic pressure of 25 Pa. Incorporating gravitational interactions via the virial theorem yields a higher effective pressure (65 Pa), indicating the need for adjusted velocities or smaller system volumes to maintain equilibrium. This work demonstrates how thermodynamics can bypass classical instabilities to predict equilibrium states, offering a novel perspective on N-body celestial mechanics. To verify the feasibility of this thermodynamic approach in solving problems, this paper also applies the method to the densely populated stellar region at the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. Through thermodynamic analysis, it is found that the stellar density at the Galactic Center is extremely high, resulting in a very high kinetic temperature of the stars in this region. This implies that the Galactic Center radiates a significant amount of energy outward. However, calculations reveal that the external pressure on the Galactic Center is very low, meaning that the structure remains highly stable under gravitational confinement alone.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy
[11] ai.viXra.org:2508.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-04 04:02:57
Authors: Brent Hartshorn
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper expands upon the hypothesis that gravity is a consequence of a non-unitary quantum mechanical process termed "informational compaction," where the "non-events" of the quantum vacuum are continuously compressed. We propose a more fundamental mechanism for this compression, suggesting that it is governed by the principles of prime number factorization. In this framework, prime numbers are the irreducible "bits" of a solidifying reality. We propose a new form for the collapse operator in a modified Schrödinger equation, one that acts preferentially on states with quantum numbers that are composites, thereby reducing them to their prime constituents. This process provides a novel physical basis for Julian Barbour's "timeless" universe and the emergence of the arrow of time from increasing complexity. Finally, we suggest a method for testing this hypothesis by searching for statistical signatures of the Riemann zeta function zeros—which are intrinsically linked to primes—in cosmological data, such as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).
Category: Quantum Physics
[10] ai.viXra.org:2508.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-04 09:26:33
Authors: Gui Furne-Gouveia
Comments: 5 Pages.
Lockyer’s model calculates the proton-to-electron mass ratio with astonishing precision: the first seven significant digits are exact. This result, derived from fundamental constants and a geometry of nested photons, is verifiable through a previously published JavaScript program. This paper poses a question: is this a coincidence, or does this calculation reveal a profound physical truth? Exploring the latter hypothesis, we propose that the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a space deformed by energy itself accounts for the confinement of energy within matter.This emerging paradigm, where spacetime acts as a dynamic optical medium, opens perspectives for rethinking the nature of matter.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[9] ai.viXra.org:2508.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-04 19:43:01
Authors: Howard Johnson
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We present an analytic proof of the Goldbach Conjecture using a hybrid framework that combines symbolic bounds from the Hardy—Littlewood circle method with log-bounded prime pair envelopes centered around each even integer X > 2. We prove that the interval [Xu20442 − Xu2044logᵏX, Xu20442 + Xu2044logᵏX], for k ∈ [1.0, 2.0]always contains at least one prime p such that X − p is also prime for all X ≥ 10u2075, and use symbolic methods to show that r(2n) ≥ ε > 1 for all even integers X > 1000. These results constructively and analytically validate Goldbach’s Conjecture for all even integers X > 2. Figures and symbolic bounds support the completeness of this method.
Category: Number Theory
[8] ai.viXra.org:2508.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-03 21:02:58
Authors: Rickesh Thandalai Natarajan, Surender Thandalai Natarajan
Comments: 7 Pages.
We present a novel algorithmic framework for detecting bias in automated lending systems using large-scale mortgage application data. Our approach employs stratified matching algorithms and statistical hypothesis testing to identify systematic discrimination patterns in financial decision-making systems. Applied to 947,927Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) records from2007-2016, our framework detects significant algorithmic bias affecting minority applicants, with Black applicants experiencing 21.1 percentage point lower approval rates than equivalent White applicants. The system achieves96% statistical significance across income-loan amount strata, demonstrating the effectiveness of our bias detection methodology. Our contributions include: (1) a scalable bias detection algorithm for high-volume financial data, (2) robust statistical validation framework for discrimination detection, and (3) empirical evidence of systematic bias in real-world lending algorithms. The framework is generalizable to other algorithmic decision-making domains where fairness is critical.Keywords: Algorithmic bias, fairness in machinelearning, automated decision systems, bias detection, financial technology, mortgage lending.
Category: Digital Signal Processing
[7] ai.viXra.org:2508.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-03 04:41:19
Authors: Hacı Soğukpınar
Comments: 16 Pages.
This study introduces a novel theoretical framework in which all fundamental structures of matter and interaction emerge from the self-organized, fractal resonances of two foundational quantum fields: a scalar energy field (Φ) and a vectorial charge field (Ψ). Unlike traditional particle physics models, this approach does not treat quarks, leptons, or gauge bosons as physical entities but as resonance nodes—zero-volume, massless quantized configurations of energy and charge—localized within a scale dependent fractal space-time geometry (D ≈ 2.7). These quantized field singularities form through the nonlinear intersections of Φ and Ψ fields, with no need for mediators such as gluons or a Higgs boson.The four known fundamental forces are unified under this framework as distinct manifestations of energy-charge field topology: the strong interaction arises from the fractal confinement of energy resonances (Φ); electromagnetism from the propagating wave modes of charge fields (Ψ); the weak interaction as topological phase transitions between coupled field domains; and gravity as a nonlocal curvature effect due to fractal field preservation. The model predicts a generalized gravitational potential of the form ��(��) ∼ 1/��(��—1), offering testable deviations from Newtonian gravity at microscopic scales. It also provides reinterpretations of dark matter as high-order, non-radiating Φ-field structures, and of proton spin as a result of internal fractal resonance dynamics. Leptons are not elementary, but arise as secondary energy-charge standing waves coupled to quark-like field nodes, while neutrinos appear as phase-neutral oscillatory modes with minimal interaction cross-sections. The theory addresses long-standing challenges in fundamental physics—such as the hierarchy problem, the origin of mass, and quantum gravity—by reducing all physical observables to the geometry and topology of unified fractal fields. Experimental implications include modified beta decay spectra, LHC resonance deviations, and precision gravitational measurements below millimeter scales.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[6] ai.viXra.org:2508.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-02 00:26:25
Authors: Brent Hartshorn
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper proposes a novel conceptual framework for understanding the quantum vacuum, gravity, and the arrow of time, departing from traditional interpretations. We introduce the hypothesis that the fundamental "bits" of reality are not solely defined by what did happen, but critically by the vast, unactualized potential of "what did not happen." Drawing upon the statistical concept of Markov blankets, we suggest that the vacuum state is dynamically defined and continuously refined by the compression of these non-events. We explore the implications of this continuous compression,positing that the observed phenomenon of gravity arises from the iterative compaction of these informational bits, leading to a shrinking and solidifying past and a progressively more finite future.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] ai.viXra.org:2508.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-02 01:52:05
Authors: Norbert D. Agbodo
Comments: 143 Pages.
We propose a unified theoretical framework in which both matter and space emerge fromthe rhythmic interplay between dynamic membranes and a discrete energetic lattice.In this model, particles are not treated as point-like entities or probability waves, butas vibrating membranes that undergo continuous cycles of expansion and collapse —breathing between delocalized field influence and discrete localization on a spatial grid.This breathing process is governed by intrinsic frequencies, modulated by environmentalresonance, and gives rise to quantum phenomena such as interference, tunneling, spin,and entanglement.Simultaneously, we redefine space not as a passive void, but as a structured energeticmedium composed of quantized lattice nodes embedded in a continuous manifold. Eachunit of space stores energy, resists deformation, and interacts with fields through quantifi-able elastic and vibrational properties. From this substrate, we derive a general operatorformalism in which all physical fields — electromagnetic, gravitational, and beyond —appear as eigenmodes of a unified differential operator acting on space itself.Thermodynamic laws arise naturally from this framework: heat as vibrational exci-tation, entropy as collapse degeneracy, and relativistic effects as emergent responses tolattice perturbation. This model thus bridges quantum mechanics, field theory, and rel-ativity through a physically grounded geometry of rhythmic collapse, structured energy,and operator-driven evolution — offering new predictions, interpretations, and experi-mental pathways toward a deeper understanding of fundamental physics
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4] ai.viXra.org:2508.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-03 04:25:27
Authors: Jonathan Morton
Comments: 7 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: An abstract in the article is required; please cite listed scientific references)
The Temporal Impedance Model proposes that time is not merely a coordinate or emergent parameter but a physically real phenomenon, regulated by a continuous scalar field. In this model, time emerges from the existence of a system and its capacity for change. The proposed Temporal Impedance Field acts analogously to viscosity in space: a form of resistance to acceleration and quantum emergence that intensifies in regions of high curvature or relativistic motion. This resistance leads to an interpretation of time dilation as a real energy cost, not just a transformation.The model redefines mass and energy in terms of persistence in spacetime, suggesting that gravitational influence scales not simply with rest mass, but with both particle persistence and the curvature-contributing tension within the field. This framework offers potential alternative explanations for gravitational anomalies typically attributed to dark matter, and it replaces singularities with finite-density Planck cores where time fully halts due to maximal impedance. While this work does not yet include direct empirical tests or observational fits, it lays out the conceptual and mathematical groundwork for a unified field-based interpretation of time, energy, and curvature. This is a speculative theoretical model developed independently without formal academic training. Nonetheless, every effort has been made to ground the framework in physical reasoning, internal consistency, and respect for established science. This work is offered in good faith, with the hope that it may invite constructive scrutiny, testing, and dialogue within the physics community.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] ai.viXra.org:2508.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-03 04:18:11
Authors: Rickesh Thandalai Natarajan, Surender Thandalai Natarajan
Comments: 6 Pages.
This study analyzes racial disparities in U.S. home mortgage lending using comprehensive Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data spanning 2007-2016, encompassing nearly one million loan applications. Our analysis reveals persistent and significant racial disparities in loan approval rates, with Black and AmericanIndian/Alaska Native applicants experiencing substantially higher rejection rates compared to White and Asian applicants. Through matched comparison analysis controlling for income, loan amount, geographic location, and other key factors, we provide strong evidence of potential algorithmic and systemic bias in lendingdecisions. Black applicants face approval rates 21.1 percentage points lower than White applicants, while American Indian/Alaska Native applicants experience 16.6 percentage point gaps. Most critically, our bias detection analysis demonstrates that even when controlling for identical financial profiles, minority applicants are denied at significantly higher rates, suggesting discriminatory decision-making processes that cannot be explained by traditional risk factors alone. These findings have profound implications for housing equity, wealth accumulation, and fair lending policy.
Category: Social Science
[2] ai.viXra.org:2508.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-01 18:40:11
Authors: Bouchaïb Bahbouhi
Comments: 36 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please Do Not useg grandiose title/wording)
This study presents a novel geometric approach to prime number distribution using a corrected spiral formula of the form: r(θ) = a·θ + b·sin(k·θ) Unlike traditional linear models, the spiral structure allows for a two-dimensional mapping of natural numbers in polar coordinates, where prime numbers tend to align along harmonic trajectories. We demonstrate that by combining this corrected spiral with estimates derived from the Prime Number Theorem, one can effectively locate approximate positions of the n-th prime. Additionally, we show that Goldbach pairs (p, q) corresponding to even integers E = p + q exhibit a symmetrical alignment on the spiral, reinforcing the conjecture’s plausibility from a geometric perspective.Three key results are established:1. The corrected spiral enables a visual and approximate detection of prime locations.2. Goldbach’s conjecture is visually supported via symmetrical pairing of primes on the spiral arms. 3. A predictive method is proposed to estimate the n-th prime and project it onto the spiral using a hybrid analytical-visual framework.This approach opens a new window for interpreting number-theoretic structures through geometry and may offer intuitive insights into longstanding problems like the Goldbach Conjecture and the distribution of prime gaps. Goldbach decmposition can be perfrmed by the prime SPIRAL up to 105 on this new website https://bouchaib542.github.io/-Goldbach-s-Spiral-Symmetry-Principle/
Category: Number Theory
[1] ai.viXra.org:2508.0001 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-02 06:19:57
Authors: Ido Margolin
Comments: 9 Pages. v2 — Added Klein lens section, fixed figure captions.
Interference visibility in photonic two-slit experiments and singlet—triplet coherence in radical pairs obey the same quantitative relation once which-path information is available. We build a hybrid Slit—Radical Interferometer and confirm the prediction V(B)=√(1-αB²) with 10u2077 Monte-Carlo events. The platform unifies quantum optics and quantum biology and constrains hypothetical space-time frame rates beyond 10²³ Hz.
Category: Quantum Physics