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[287] ai.viXra.org:2603.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2026-03-05 02:04:16
Authors: Rüdiger Giesel
Comments: 17 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We formulate a cosmological model in which inflation, the vanishing of the total energyof the Universe, and present-day dark energy arise as structural consequences of octonionicnon-associativity. The fundamental action is assumed to contain a positive-definite scalarconstructed from the octonionic associator. This term behaves as a vacuum component,enforcing exponential expansion without the introduction of an ad hoc inflaton field. Wedemonstrate that inflation is dynamically unavoidable (forced inflation), that the zero-totalenergy condition holds at all cosmic epochs, and that a minimal residual associator normnaturally yields the observed dark energy density. Numerical estimates from the inflationaryepoch to the present Universe are included.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[286] ai.viXra.org:2603.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2026-03-04 20:17:47
Authors: Leon Barbour
Comments: 82 Pages. License: CC BY 4.0 (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
Paper 6 applies the locked A—B—C structural frequency pipeline defined in Paper 5 to real observational residual datasets. Using the Pantheon+ supernova compilation under a fixed Planck 2018 flat ΛCDM baseline, distance-modulus residuals are mapped into a dimensionless effective perturbation channel. Weighted masked-sky spherical harmonic regression up to ℓ = 2 is applied within distance shells to extract dipole and quadrupole diagnostics. Synthetic benchmark skies (spherical and elongated void geometries) are processed under identical survey mask and sampling conditions to establish leakage floors and recovery behaviour. Robustness tests include frame swap (zHD vs zCMB), equal-count shelling, sliding-window extraction, and bootstrap resampling. Dipole amplitudes are found to exceed the synthetic leakage baseline by factors of ~4—37 across bands. Quadrupole amplitudes exceed leakage by ~1.3—2.6 in coarse bands and ~1.812 under equal-count shelling. Quadrupole axis orientation exhibits broad bootstrap dispersion and is not directionally interpreted. Multipole amplitudes are expressed in a metrologically neutral fractional-shift representation without introducing new cosmological parameters. The paper remains diagnostic and falsifiable, not a model replacement.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[285] ai.viXra.org:2603.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2026-03-04 01:37:47
Authors: Ignacio Lesta Pelayo
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This work explores the relationship between the Universal Replication Principle (URP) and theemergence of life in the universe. According to this principle, stable physical configurations tend to persist and reproduce over time, allowing the emergence of replicative systems to be interpreted as a natural consequence of cosmic dynamics. From this perspective, life does not constitute an anomaly within physical laws, but rather a continuation of the processes of organization and replication present since the origin of the universe. The article examines the transition from physical and chemical replication to biological replication, as well as the role of information in this process, and discusses its ontological implications.This approach is situated at the intersection of fundamental physics, prebiotic chemistry, andorigin-of-life studies, proposing a unified conceptual framework based on the URP.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[284] ai.viXra.org:2603.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2026-03-02 17:09:24
Authors: Hani Abdel Rahim Abdullah
Comments: 15 Pages.
We present a comprehensive mechanism for baryogenesis within the Temporal Dynamics Framework (TDF), demonstrating that the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry (η ∼ 10−10) arises naturally from the intrinsic dynamics of three fundamental fields: the Scale Field (ϕs), the Time Field (ϕt), and the Unified Action Field (λ). Unlike conventional baryogenesis models that require external CP violation or Grand Unified Theory (GUT) scale physics, this mechanism derives theasymmetry from a geometric necessity: the interaction between field gradients inan expanding universe creates a chemical potential that biases matter nodal formation over antimatter. The resulting asymmetry is scale-invariant, directly linked to cosmic expansion, and yields testable predictions connecting it to dark energydynamics and variations in fundamental constants. This work demonstrates that TDF provides a complete, self-consistent explanation for one of cosmology’s deepest puzzles without requiring physics beyond its three fundamental fields.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[283] ai.viXra.org:2603.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2026-03-01 22:01:41
Authors: Ivan Aurelian Dan
Comments: 33 Pages.
Abstract Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revealed massive, thermally evolved galaxy clusters at redshifts z ≳ 7, whose intracluster gas temperatures and dynamical maturity exceed the expectations of standard ΛCDM cosmology. Such objects appear too hot, too massive, and too chemically evolved to have formed within the short cosmic time available in an expanding universe, highlighting increasing tension with standard expansion-based structure formation timelines. We show that these observations arise naturally in a contraction-based cosmologyin which cosmic redshift is generated by global scale evolution rather than metric expansion. In this framework, high redshift does not imply physical youth but instead reflects cumulative scale contraction, leading to compressed observational time. Physical densities, binding energies, and virial temperatures thereforeincrease toward higher redshift. We derive the background dynamics, structure growth, and observable relations of the contraction framework, demonstrate its consistency with CMB and BAOmeasurements, and identify the Sandage—Loeb redshift drift as a clear, modelleveldiscriminator. JWST observations are thus interpreted not as a crisis, but as evidence that early massive structures admit a consistent interpretation within a contraction-based cosmological framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[282] ai.viXra.org:2602.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-28 08:06:58
Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 12 Pages.
The Standard Model is often celebrated as a nearly complete account of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions, lacking only gravity. Yet a closer examination of cosmic evolution suggests that the emergence of these forces presupposes global conditions not derived from the internal dynamics of quantum field theory. The symmetry-breaking transitions of the early universe required a coherent spacetime geometry, a regulated cooling trajectory, stable vacuum structure, and causal connectivity across cosmological scales. These features are ordinarily treated as background conditions within which the Standard Model operates. This paper argues that such background coherence may be interpreted as reflecting an antecedent gravitational principle—extrinsic gravity—understood not as an additional force, but as a pre-geometric, homeostatic regulator consistent with a CPT-symmetric cosmology. Section 2 revisits the standard narrative of force differentiation to show how symmetry-breaking transitions presuppose global stability conditions. Section 3 reframes this emergence through a Hegelian dialectical lens, highlighting the structural movement from undifferentiated unity to articulated multiplicity. Section 4 then sketches a two-sided geometric model based on paired Weyl tensors, in which a variational principle penalizing both free conformal curvature and mismatch between CPT-conjugate sectors selects conformal flatness, with Minkowski space as a stabilized representative. Taken together, the argument suggests that the Standard Model functions within a broader theoretical horizon that includes antecedent spacetime coherence not contained within its formal Lagrangian. Extrinsic gravity names this deeper regulatory structure, offering a unified interpretation of cosmological symmetry breaking, geometric stabilization, and the two-sided architecture of physical law.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[281] ai.viXra.org:2602.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-27 16:51:40
Authors: Christian B. Mueller
Comments: 19 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: This submission may not be written in a scholarly manner as required - Please conform by using standard scholarly terms, citing listed scientific references etc.)
This work attempts to discuss central inconsistencies in modern physics from the perspective of limited rate of change, relying solely on observation and logical deduction. Starting from an reorganisation balance within the observable world, it constructs a minimal and plausible geometry of a higher-dimensional state space, thereby establishing a self-consistent model. By examining the projection into the observation space, this approach allows for a reappraisal of the symmetries of space and time, the compatibility of relativity and quantum mechanics via the fine-structure constant, and the possibility of a deterministic digital physics as a whole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[280] ai.viXra.org:2602.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-26 21:38:33
Authors: Bertrand Jarry
Comments: 6 Pages. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)
I derive the vacuum energy density in de Sitter space from entanglement entropy of the cosmological horizon, obtaining ρ_v^em = αH^4 with α = h-bar(260π^2c^3) [etc.]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[279] ai.viXra.org:2602.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-26 21:12:57
Authors: Vladyslav Hruznov
Comments: 10 Pages.
We propose a single dynamic parameter γ(x, t) that controls the effective dimensionalityof spacetime in a scale- and density-dependent manner. In high-density regions, γ is screenedto ≈ 1, recovering standard quantum mechanics and general relativity. In extremely lowdensity environments, γ approaches ≈ 1.10, yielding deff ≈ 4.1, weakened effective gravity, and emergent dark energy. The framework is realized via a density-dependent measure v(ρel) in the action, leading to modified Friedmann equations and variable-order fractional quantum mechanics. Amicroscopic origin is proposed within the Asymptotic Safety program. The model is consistent with current precision constraints and makes clear falsifiable predictions for upcoming experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[278] ai.viXra.org:2602.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-25 14:27:29
Authors: Jason Merwin
Comments: 12 Pages. This is the third paper in a four part series.
The 5σ discrepancy between local (H0 ≈ 73 km s−1 Mpc−1) and early-universe (H0 ≈ 67 km s−1 Mpc−1) measurements of the Hubble constant constitutes one of the most significant challenges to the standard ΛCDM cosmological model. We propose that this tension is not evidence of new physics beyond ΛCDM, but a systematic artifact arising from the discrete topology of spacetime within the Relational Mathematical Realism (RMR) framework.In RMR, causal propagation is limited by a node update rate with a fundamental processing asymmetry: vacuum nodes require 4 computational ticks per update cycle while mass-coupled nodes require 5. We derive a geometric correction factor Γ = (5/4)1/3 ≈ 1.077 representing the path-dependent latency experienced byobservers calibrating distances through a 3-dimensional discrete lattice in the local,void-dominated universe. Applied to the Planck CMB determination (67.36 ± 0.54 km s−1 Mpc−1), this yields a predicted local measurement of Hlocal = 72.56 km s−1 Mpc−1, agreeingwith the SH0ES value (73.04 ± 1.04 km s−1 Mpc−1) to within 0.46σ with zero free parameters.Critically, this correction applies only to local path-integrated measurements(distance ladder), not to geometric bulk measurements (BAO, CMB), resolving thetension without modifying the cosmic expansion history. We classify all major H0measurements into "metric" (bulk geometry) and "path" (local calibration) categories, predicting that these two classes will systematically converge on differentvalues separated by a factor of (5/4)1/3. This framework makes specific falsifiable predictions for gravitational wave standard sirens and environment-dependent distance ladder calibrations. If confirmed, the Hubble tension constitutes the first empirical evidence thatspacetime is not a continuous manifold but a discrete relational graph.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[277] ai.viXra.org:2602.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-25 01:32:44
Authors: S. I. Kublanovsky
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper presents the Law of Harmony, based on the principle of universal quantum synchronization of masses. According to this law, any body — from a symmetrical pulsar to a human being or the Universe itself — acts as a source of coherent gravitational radiation, the period of which is determined by its mass and dimensions. Calculations based on the Law of Harmony indicate that the full life cycle of the Universe is 123.5 billion years. This contradicts the 2025 forecast by Henry Tye's group, which predicted a collapse in 20 billion years, and suggests that humanity has approximately 110 billion years of stable development ahead. The derived period mathematically corresponds to a graviton mass of 1.89*10^(-69) kg. Furthermore, the graviton mass obtained in this study closely aligns with the value of 1.909*10^(-69) kg derived from the holographic principle by Haranas and Gkigkitzis (2014). At the biological level, the Law of Harmony establishes the necessity of resonance between human mass and the Earth's diurnal rhythm (24 hours).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[276] ai.viXra.org:2602.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-23 13:45:27
Authors: Steven E. Elliott
Comments: 19 Pages.
We propose the Fractal Substrate Equivalence Physics (FSEP), a geometric framework in which spacetime is modeled as an infinite recursive degenerate Apollonian sphere packing of dense and sparse regions. We argue that in spacetimes evolving toward $t to infty$, the global domain of validity of the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) contracts to measure zero, forcing a breakdown of smooth-manifold descriptions at the dense--sparse interface. The maximal geometric covering of this interface is an Apollonian sphere packing, which we take as fundamental rather than emergent.At each tangency boundary, physical evolution is governed by spherical inversion, a M"obius transformation, a discrete scale flip $r mapsto r/lambda$ (with $lambda gg 1$), and strict angular-momentum conservation. These rules generate universal bipolar jets, cross-scale transport, and nonlocal correlations from a single geometric mechanism. The framework reproduces previously reported statistical results (Balmer-line clustering and SPARC rotation-curve fits) as coarse-grained projections of boundary-crossing dynamics.FSEP yields several falsifiable predictions: (i) correlated AGN variability across cosmic voids with lags scaling linearly with void diameter ($tau propto D_{m void}$); (ii) systematic dark-matter-fraction depletion in merging galaxy pairs relative to isolated systems; (iii) jet opening angles directly measuring the local scale ratio $lambda_{m local}$; and (iv) potential spectral-distortion signatures in the cosmic microwave background tied to hydrogen recombination harmonics rather than $mu$/$y$-type thermal relic distortions.This paper stands in relation to its predecessor (viXra:2601.0119) as a foundational extension: where that work derived fractal statistical structure as an emergent consequence of known physics, the present work takes the fractal as the primary geometric substrate from which known physics emerges.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[275] ai.viXra.org:2602.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-22 02:40:01
Authors: Steven B. Thompson
Comments: 7 Pages.
We propose a minimal dynamical framework for the origin of the universe in which absolute non-existence—a state with no spacetime, matter, fields, or classical time—is intrinsicallyunstable under quantum-mechanical and gravitational principles. The Heisenberg uncertaintyprinciple, applied to gravitational degrees of freedom, precludes a static null configuration: nonexistence has "nowhere to go" but to collapse into itself, producing an effective Planck-scaledensity regime that undergoes a nonsingular quantum-gravitational transition. This collapsedriven process bootstraps the emergence of classical spacetime and the arrow of time, requiringno external causes, pre-existing substrates, boundary conditions, or auxiliary fields.Quantum gravity emerges here not as an imposed extension but as the inherent dynamicalstructure governing the instability and resolution. The mechanism refines and complementsestablished proposals—such as Vilenkin’s quantum tunneling from nothing, the Hartle-Hawkingno-boundary wavefunction, and recent developments in loop quantum cosmology bounces andquadratic gravity—by providing a purely mechanical interpretation that replaces probabilisticnucleation or Euclidean continuation with an intrinsic collapse bootstrap. It aligns with ongoingrefinements of no-boundary states, curvature bounces, and geometric "from nothing" models inthe 2025—2026 literature.This framework offers a parsimonious dynamical resolution to the question of why thereis something rather than nothing, transforming it into a consequence of quantum gravity’sstructure. Potential observational implications include consistency with cosmic microwave background data and distinguishable signatures in primordial gravitational waves or large-scale structure that may differentiate collapse-initiated emergence from conventional inflationary scenarios.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[274] ai.viXra.org:2602.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-18 02:34:37
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil, Dnyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 31 Pages.
This work develops a unified and conservative framework for reconciling Planckscale physics with Special Relativity by shifting the foundational emphasis from symmetry modification to observer admissibility. We demonstrate that invariant Planck scales can coexist with exact local Lorentz invariance when Planck lengthand Planck time are interpreted as operational lower bounds on spatial and temporal resolution, rather than as ontological spacetime discreteness. Special Relativity is reformulated operationally on curved spacetime through a generalized relativistic factor γg, allowing a precise treatment of relativistic kinematics in black-hole, cosmological, and rotating spacetimes without modifying Lorentz transformations or dispersion relations.We show that event horizons, cosmological expansion, and global rotation generatekinematic phase boundaries that restrict the physical realizability of observers while leaving local inertial physics intact. Planck-scale structure near black-hole horizons is incorporated through geometric regularization rather than symmetry breaking, and black-hole thermodynamics is recovered entirely from local Special Relativity combined with spacetime geometry. The framework further incorporatesinvariant global bounds on mass, time, and length, leading to a classification theorem for physically admissible observers across all scales. Information-theoretic limits on entropy, computation, and information recovery are derived as kinematic consequences of admissibility rather than as fundamentalpostulates. Apparent paradoxes in black-hole complementarity, trans-Planckian physics, and infinite boosts are shown to arise from implicitly assuming inadmissible observers. The resulting picture preserves the empirical successes of Special and General Relativity while providing a unified, observer-centered principle that regulates both ultraviolet and infrared extremes without invoking Lorentz violation, deformed symmetries, or holographic reduction of degrees of freedom.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[273] ai.viXra.org:2602.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-14 07:02:02
Authors: Ryuhei Sato
Comments: 16 Pages.
Einstein’s special relativity postulates the constancy of light speed c as an axiom but providesno explanation for its origin. We reformulate the universe as a discrete computational networkoperating at the Planck scale, wherein c emerges not as a fundamental constant but as the band-width limit of information processing. We demonstrate that the initial state of the universe—aninfinite-dimensional regular simplex—possesses spectral properties (Laplacian eigenvalue λ2 = N )that naturally enforce cosmic uniformity and clock synchronization without invoking inflationaryexpansion. Dimensional reduction from infinite to three dimensions generates an unavoidable infor-mational collision, which we term informational Pauli repulsion, providing the physical driver forboth the Big Bang and accelerated expansion. The deficit angle δ ≈ 7.36◦ inherent in the 600-celltessellation, combined with Gauss’s Theorema Egregium, guarantees spatial closure without externalembedding dimensions, thereby establishing a decisive advantage over string-theoretic frameworksrequiring 10 or 11 dimensions. We derive the Light-Speed Resource Allocation Principle (LRAP),c2 = v2 + τ 2, reinterpreting the Lorentz factor as a processing lag ratio rather than a coordinatetransformation coefficient. Black hole singularities are redefined as computational arrest regionswhere 3D rendering fails, leaving 4D data in a frozen state—a paradigm shift that naturally sub-sumes string theory and the holographic principle as effective descriptions within these arrestedzones. Finally, we prove that local resource allocation alone cannot resolve the global accumula-tion of geometric frustration, necessitating the hierarchical jamming transitions detailed in Part III.This work bridges the static geometry of Part I (derivation of G and Λ) with the thermodynamichierarchy of Part III (122-digit vacuum energy suppression), completing the dynamical core of theRegular Simplex Hierarchical Gravity (RSHG) framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[272] ai.viXra.org:2602.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-14 07:07:46
Authors: Ryuhei Sato
Comments: 12 Pages.
This paper presents a complete resolution of the cosmological constant problem within the Regular Simplex Hierarchical Gravity (RSHG) framework. The non-tessellating property of regulartetrahedra in 3D Euclidean space—characterized by a geometric residual (deficit angle δ ≈ 7.36)—induces recursive jamming transitions across six hierarchical scales spanning from 10−15 m to 1021 m(Fig. 1: six-stage cascade structure). Each hierarchy generates approximately 20 orders of magnitude of energy suppression. The cumulative suppression factor ϵtotal ≈ 10−122.2agrees with theobserved cosmological constant Λobs within 0.2 orders of magnitude. Critically, this result containsno adjustable parameters; even the number of hierarchies N = 6 emerges as an arithmetic consequence of the target suppression (122 digits) divided by the single-stage suppression (∼ 19.2 digits).Furthermore, operation near the jamming criticality (ϕ ≈ 0.62, Fig. 2: metastable operating point)enables the conversion of computational heat into structural entropy (computational encapsulation),thereby preventing thermal collapse. Three experimentally verifiable predictions are presented: H4symmetry in the CMB angular power spectrum (ℓ = 120n), an entropy ratio Sstruct/Sthermal ≈ 0.2in Bose-Einstein condensates, and tetrahedral coordinate preference in protein structures.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[271] ai.viXra.org:2602.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-13 05:45:31
Authors: Heath W. Mahaffey
Comments: 12 Pages.
The Informational Actualization Model (IAM) proposes that late-time cosmic expansion couplesdifferently to photons versus matter, resolving the Hubble tension through sector-specific expansionrates. This dual-sector framework makes a critical, testable prediction: Type Ia supernovae (SNe),as matter-based distance indicators hosted in galaxies, should probe the matter sector. We testthis hypothesis using the complete Pantheon+ dataset (1588 SNe, 0.01 < z < 2.26) through threeindependent analyses: (1) SNe with Planck (photon-sector) H0 prior, (2) SNe with SH0ES (matter-sector) H0 prior, and (3) SNe with no H0 constraint. Results unambiguously demonstrate that SNereject the photon-sector expansion rate (H0 = 67.4 km s−1 Mpc−1, β → −0.30 at parameter bound-ary) and accept the matter-sector normalization (H0 = 73.04 km s−1 Mpc−1, β ≈ 0). Critically,SNe distances maintain ΛCDM geometric consistency (βdistance ≈ 0), validating IAM’s predictionthat sector-specific coupling primarily affects structure growth (f σ8) rather than photon propa-gation geometry. This empirical validation establishes that dual-sector expansion is data-driven,not theoretically assumed, and demonstrates that Planck (H0 = 67.4, photon sector) and SH0ES(H0 = 73.04, matter sector) both measure correctly—they probe different physical quantities. Thedual-sector phenomenology maps directly onto the standard modified gravity parametrization: mat-ter perturbations obey μ(a) = H2ΛCDM(a) / [H2ΛCDM(a) + βmE(a)] < 1 (suppressed growth), whilephoton deflection remains unmodified (Σ = 1), preserving CMB consistency. This μ < 1, Σ = 1framework is independently testable with existing Boltzmann solvers (CAMB/CLASS) and upcom-ing survey parametrizations (DES, Euclid, CMB-S4)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[270] ai.viXra.org:2602.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-11 17:48:50
Authors: Scott Long
Comments: 6 Pages. (Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18601428)
The standard ΛCDM cosmological model is currently challenged by a 5σ discrepancy in Hubble Constant (H0) measurements and a vacuum energy density error of 122 orders of magnitude. We present a numerical validation of the Quantized Vacuum Attenuation model, comparing its predictions against the standard ΛCDM cosmology across three key observables: Luminosity Distance (DL), Lookback Time (tL), and Angular Diameter Distance (dA). Utilizing a vacuum attenuation coefficient of α≈8.26×10−27 m−1, derived from the local Hubble flow, our simulations resolve three primary tensions: Dark Energy: The model demonstrates that the high-redshift luminosity modulus follows a logarithmic attenuation profile, eliminating the need for Dark Energy to explain Type Ia Supernovae dimming. Early Galaxy Paradox: The model removes the Big Bang singularity, reinterpreting high-redshift galaxies (e.g., JADES-GS-z13) as objects seen through ≈35 Gyr of static vacuum transmission, allowing for infinite formation time. Little Red Dots: The angular diameter distance in a discrete manifold correctly predicts the observation of compact high-redshift morphologies that contradict angular magnification predicted by expanding metric models. We conclude that the observed universe is consistent with a static, infinite, and dissipative manifold governed by information-theoretic limits.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[269] ai.viXra.org:2602.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-11 17:59:17
Authors: L. A. Serebrennikov
Comments: 4 Pages.
In the standard model, gravity is described either as a fundamental interaction (Newton’s law of universal gravitation) or as a geometric property of spacetime (Einstein’s general theory of relativity). The hypothesis proposed here considers observable gravitational attraction as a consequence of uneven cosmological expansion.Massive objects, possessing higher energy density, cause more intense local expansion of space, leading to effective repulsion of less massive bodies toward zones of increased expansion. The paper outlines the main postulates of the model, its potential implications for the dark matter problem, and proposes specific paths for experimental falsification.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[268] ai.viXra.org:2602.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-10 20:42:00
Authors: Rüdiger Giesel
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We present a non—associative algebraic model of black holes based on the octonionicdivision algebra. Geometry is not postulated as fundamental. Instead, gravity emergesdynamically from the non—associativity of the underlying algebra. Black holes arise as algebraic states rather than geometric singularities. The Schwarzschild radius is derived exactlywithout assuming Einstein’s field equations. The resulting spacetime is singularity—free,geodesically complete, and information preserving
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[267] ai.viXra.org:2602.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-10 21:10:05
Authors: Leon Barbour
Comments: 19 Pages. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: For the last time, please cite and list scientific references)
This paper presents a compact "tooling derivation" for the first closed operational loop in Causal Mechanical Cosmology (CMC): (A) spherical void control geometry producing adominant dipole anisotropy for an off-centre observer, (B) an elongated/sheared voidgeometry producing quadrupole anisotropy via a local Hessian decomposition, and (C) anobservable closure mapping the structural line-of-sight (LOS) velocity signature to atomicfractional frequency shift Δf/f as the measurement endpoint. Canonical equations (E1—E8) are preserved and used as the spine for derivations and diagnostics. The local Hessian kernel yields the leading even-parity multipole structure (monopole/quadrupole); dipole structure in the spherical off-centre control case is treated as arising from the global sampling asymmetry and, in a strict local expansion, enters through higher-order terms beyond the first Hessian approximation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[266] ai.viXra.org:2602.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-06 02:25:39
Authors: Geza Kovacs
Comments: 2 Pages.
We propose a relational extension of General Relativity in which spacetime curvature is sourced nonlocally by retarded entropy gradients. Inertia emerges as macroscopic resistance to cosmic irreversibility. No new fundamental fields or free parameters are introduced; the sole scale is the cosmological horizon ($ell_n approx c/H_0$). Post-recombination entropy production yields a derived amplification factor $phi_0 approx 10^{10} pm 20%$, providing a thermodynamic explanation for galactic rotation curves (projected $chi^2/text{dof} approx 1.1$ from Gaia DR3 analogs and mocks for DR4) via retarded entropy gradients that induce effective inertial screening at low accelerations, and the $H_0$ tension via a dynamical, structure-dependent effective cosmological constant that boosts late-time expansion relative to early-universe CMB-calibrated values. The mechanism is naturally suppressed in the early universe ($sim 10^{-30}$ at BBN) consistent with the Weyl Curvature Hypothesis. We introduce a "Curvature Memory" effect to explain cluster lensing offsets and predict frequency-dependent GW phase skews ($sim 0.4$ ms) testable by LISA.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[265] ai.viXra.org:2602.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-04 13:36:09
Authors: Priyanshu Rauth
Comments: 3 Pages.
This paper explores the idea that spacetime may possess a minimal time interval that depends on gravitational redshift and curvature. Motivations from general relativity, quantum mechanics and approaches to quantum gravity suggest that both space and time may exhibit effective discreteness near the Planck scale. We review theoretical arguments for minimal intervals, including the generalized uncertainty principle and deformations of the Heisenberg algebra, and summarise recent experimental work with atomic clocks and proposals such as the Bose--Marletto--Vedral experiment. A phenomenological ansatz for a position--dependent minimal time increment is presented and we discuss how to improve its physical foundations. The aim is not to propose a theory of everything but to offer a conservative, focused framework that could guide future experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[264] ai.viXra.org:2602.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-03 20:03:32
Authors: Christian B. Mueller
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This paper presents a novel framework for fundamental physics that replaces the geometriccurvature of spacetime with a resource-based conservation law. By treating reality as a discrete computational process, we derive the relationship between mass, energy, and the local rate of time. The model progresses from a 3D-accounting perspective (LQRR) to a 4D-Euclidean resonance framework (TEQR), providing a unified explanation for gravity, time dilation, and projection-based phenomena often attributed to Dark Matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[263] ai.viXra.org:2602.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-03 19:44:56
Authors: Cameron Brogan-Higgins
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This conjecture proposes that spacetime can be understood as a distributed frequency field and that the cosmological singularity represents its reciprocal or inverse state. In this framework, the universe is not the aftermath of an energetic explosion but the expansion of a frequency inversion: the Fourier-dual expression of a compressed, information-complete origin. Curvature, expansion, and entropy are treated as emergent properties of a wave-domain oscillation in which spacetime and its singular inverse form conjugate aspects of a single cyclical process.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[262] ai.viXra.org:2602.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-01 01:02:37
Authors: Joseph Wimsatt
Comments: 4 Pages. This paper identifies a potential systematic error in levitated optomechanics experiments attempting to measure quantum gravity effects. We show that electromagnetic field energy in optical traps gravitates through the stress-energy tensor
Recent advances in levitated optomechanics have enabled experiments probing gravitational interactions at unprecedented scales, with the goal of detecting quantum signatures of gravity. These experiments use high-intensity optical traps to levitate nanoparticles and measure gravitational forces between them. We demonstrate that the electromagnetic field energy density in these optical traps constitutes a gravitational source through the stress-energy tensor, yet this contribution is not accounted for in current experimental analyses. Using the linearized Einstein field equations, we calculate the gravitational potential and field arising from concentrated laser fields at experimentally relevant power densities (approximately 10^15 W/m^2). We find that the EM field gravitational contribution can be comparable to or exceed the gravitational effects being measured between particle masses, potentially constituting a systematic error of 1% to 100% in current experiments. We propose five calibration protocols to detect and characterize this effect, including power-scaling tests and field geometry variations that can discriminate EM field gravity from particle-particle gravitational interactions. If unaccounted for, this effect could compromise the interpretation of experiments seeking quantum signatures of gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[261] ai.viXra.org:2601.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-27 05:46:14
Authors: Eliyah Kilada
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper proposes a definitive experimental setup to test the independence of the one-way speed of light from the motion of its source. By utilizing a macroscopic transmitter (the "source assembly") undergoing controlled acceleration within an ultra-high vacuum, and two stationary detectors, we can measure the variance in arrival-time differentials Δt. This configuration specifically addresses and eliminates the Ewald-Oseen extinction bias and the synchronization circularity inherent in traditional one-way speed of light measurements.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[260] ai.viXra.org:2601.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-26 21:03:06
Authors: Rüdiger Giesel
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
We present a conceptual framework in which the octonionic division algebra is taken asa pre-geometric fundamental structure. We demonstrate that the intrinsic non-associativityof the octonions excludes the existence of a fundamental global time and enforces a symmetryreduction in order to admit physically interpretable dynamics. This reduction occursthrough an algebraically singular transition, naturally interpreted as a Big-Bang—like origin.Four-dimensional spacetime emerges as a stable associative subalgebra, while cosmologicalexpansion arises as a necessary consequence of residual non-associative degrees of freedom.The framework is mathematically consistent but remains speculative and currently lacksexperimental support.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[259] ai.viXra.org:2601.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-24 08:10:04
Authors: Pruk Ninsook
Comments: 32 Pages.
The concordance ΛCDM model faces a persistent S8 tension between Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and late-time weak lensing observations. We propose a fundamental resolution via Geometric Dissipation within the Information-Geometric Spacetime (IGS) framework, where irreversible entropy production arises intrinsically from spacetime deformation. This mechanism generates an effective cosmic viscosity characterized by β = 1/(π√3) ≈ 0.1837, a value derived purely from geometric and information-theoretic considerations without free tuning parameters.The resulting suppression kernel, P_IGS / P_ΛCDM = exp[ -2β k^2 (1+z)^-3 ], operates specifically at late times (z ≲ 2) and quasi-linear scales (k ≳ 0.1 h/Mpc), effectively alleviating the S8 tension while preserving consistency with early-universe Planck data. Fisher matrix forecasts indicate that upcoming surveys such as Euclid and LSST will be capable of constraining β with a precision of σβ ≈ 0.0002, allowing for a decisive falsification or confirmation of the IGS hypothesis with extremely high statistical significance.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[258] ai.viXra.org:2601.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-24 23:30:56
Authors: Arieh Sher
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references!)
Recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) reveal massive, chemically evolved galaxies and compact massive objects at extreme redshifts. When redshift is interpreted as cosmic age, as in the standard ΛCDM model, these findings generate tensions with hierarchical structure-formation timescales. In the Pivot Universe (PU) framework, redshift is a spatial coordinate determined by gravitational and kinematic effects in a stationary Kerr-likegeometry rather than a measure of cosmic time. The visible universe is a thin shell outside the Pivot event horizon, created quasi-simultaneously during a single global event. Consequently, all galaxies share approximately the same absolute evolutionary time. JWST observations therefore arise naturally from the PU geometry rather than representing anomalies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[257] ai.viXra.org:2601.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-24 01:22:50
Authors: Leon Barbour
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please the scientific references are not listed complete/standard manner; please cite listed scientific references in the article!)
This paper presents a unified mechanical cosmology modelling spacetime as a dynamic, compressible superfluid medium ("The Sea"). We define a singular foundational operator: Vortex Pressure Dynamics (VDP). We demonstrate that all observed stellar and galactic states—from Magnetar switches to Supermassive Black Holes (SMBH)—are scale-invariant mechanical equilibria of the vortex engine. We further resolve the Hubble Tension and the 2026 early-galaxy crisis by identifying the "Atom" as a reactive frequency anchor and providing a fluid-dynamic mapping for local cosmic voids.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[256] ai.viXra.org:2601.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-23 19:23:08
Authors: Henry Patino
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references and use scholarly/non-sensational article title)
We propose that the Big Bang singularity is a Kerr metric white hole, the time-reversed counterpart of a rotating black hole, through which God's infinite energy punctured into finite spacetime, creating matter, energy, spacetime, and dimensions instantaneously. This Kerr puncture at the Alpha Point resolves the infinite density paradox by extruding from transcendent infinity, avoiding material contradictions at t=0. Initial angular momentum (Genesis spin acceleration constant) imparts universal rotation, explaining cosmic spin without ad hoc conditions. The model integrates with chronodynamic time density, where spacetime thinning causes differential dilation—slower at the dense center, faster at edges—mimicking dark matter and dark energy effects.The Kerr ring geometry threads M-theory's 7 compact dimensions, with flux allowing energy ejection without collapse. Horizon dynamics reverse black hole growth, with 7D backflow preserving information.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[255] ai.viXra.org:2601.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-23 19:25:14
Authors: Henry Patino
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references and use scholarly/non-sensational article title)
In the Chronodynamic Cosmos, high-redshift regions are deep-future states with faster time flow due to spacetime thinning, leading to greater entropy. Distant galaxies are not "nurseries" but cemeteries—aged remnants with advanced stellar evolution, excess metallicity, and overmassive supermassive black holes (SMBHs) from longer proper time. Entropy S ~ ∫ dS increases faster with z, predicting rising supernova rates, dust/metallicity, and SMBH density beyond standard models. As SMBH production surges at edges, they cannibalize stars/galaxies/spacetime via Kerr punctures, halting expansion at the Maximum Boundary Extent (MBE) and initiating crunch. MBE occurs when SMBH fraction f_SMBH > 0.5, rolling back the universe like a scroll (Isaiah 34:4; Revelation 6:14). The model fits JWST anomalies (mature high-z galaxies).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[254] ai.viXra.org:2601.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-23 17:56:24
Authors: Jason Horsepool
Comments: 4 Pages.
Recent results from the Dark Energy Survey Year 6 (DES Y6) confirm a persistent ��8 clumpiness tension ( 0.79). We proposethe Non-local Field Energy (NFE) framework, governed by the core axiom �� + �� = 0, as a solution. We identify the "Horsepool Repulsion Signature" (HRS)—an outward radial acceleration in cosmic voids—predicting a tangential shear (���� ) deviation at1.2���� . Preliminary analysis of DES Y6 lensing profiles suggests a 2.3�� anomaly consistent with this repulsion, potentially reinterpreting systematic noise as a novel geometric signal.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[253] ai.viXra.org:2601.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-21 21:07:31
Authors: Frank Buquicchio
Comments: 23 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references!) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18325668
We present Dynamic Relativity (DR), a covariant extension of General Relativity in which the spacetime metric is subject to a dynamic conformal scaling factor governed by the 4-dimensional gradient of the gravitational potential. We propose a "Geometric Saturation" mechanism (˜ gµν ∼tanh √X) that recovers the Riemannian limit in high-gradient (Newtonian) regimes while generating anisotropic Weyl scaling in low-gradient (Galactic)regimes. This framework unifies the phenomenology of "Dark Matter," the Muon g−2 anomaly, and the Earth Flyby anomaly within a single parameter-free geometric model.We explicitly derive the **Dual-Action Mechanism**, demonstrating how the Lorentziansignature of spacetime allows local attractive gravity (subluminal) and global repulsive grav-ity (superluminal) to coexist in the same metric volume. We report the **empirical detec-tion** of the predicted mass-dependent saturation horizon in Gaia DR3 data, where widebinaries deviate from Newtonian dynamics at ≈2,500 AU. Finally, we present a quantita-tive residual analysis of GW150914, revealing anomalous damping consistent with vacuumrelaxation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[252] ai.viXra.org:2601.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-19 20:21:00
Authors: Mu Sung Lee
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We propose a geometric framework in which spacetime emerges as a discrete 4D quaternion lattice with Planck-scale spacing. This addresses three fundamental puzzles:(1) Planck constant origin: h is identified as the mesh size of dimensional projection from 4D bulk to 3D boundary, explaining why quantum mechanics exhibits discreteness. This provides a geometric foundation for Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.(2) Hierarchy problem: The ratio of electromagnetic to gravitational force (~10^40) emerges naturally from geometric dilution: gravity couples to 4D bulk volume (proportional to a^4) while electromagnetism is confined to 3D boundary surface (proportional to a^3). Our calculation yields 10^38, within a factor of 100 of observation.(3) Dark energy: The lattice possesses intrinsic vacuum energy density. Since total energy increases with expansion (proportional to a^4) while density remains constant, we obtain the equation of state w = -1 exactly, matching observed accelerated expansion.As the universe expands, lattice mesh stretching predicts a time-variation of the fine-structure constant (alpha_dot / alpha approx -(1~3) x 10^-16 / yr), testable by next-generation atomic clocks within a decade. Quantum entanglement is reinterpreted as 4D bulk connectivity: particles separated in 3D remain connected via 4D paths, making apparent nonlocality a projection artifact.This framework is preliminary and requires mathematical development. We prioritize conceptual clarity and falsifiable predictions over formal rigor. We acknowledge critical feedback from AI reviewers that corrected an error in our dark energy derivation, strengthening the final result.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[251] ai.viXra.org:2601.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-18 22:24:11
Authors: Arieh Sher
Comments: 5 Pages.
The Pivot Universe (PU) model proposes that the large-scale structure of thecosmos is a stationary, axially symmetric gravitational system organized around a massiverotating central object, the Pivot. The Pivot generates a Kerr-like spacetime that governs thegeometry, redshift field, thermal structure, and effective Hubble parameter of the observableuniverse. Cosmic redshift is interpreted as the combined effect of gravitational time dilation,frame dragging, and special-relativistic Doppler motion, rather than as evidence of globalmetric expansion. The observable universe is confined to a thin radial band between thePivot’s outer event horizon R+ and the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) shell. Weshow that temperature, redshift, and the effective Hubble parameter Heff (r) are differentmanifestations of a single underlying gravitational structure. The observed CMB temperatureof 2.725 K, the local Hubble constant at the Milky Way, and the extreme redshifts of high-zgalaxies such as JADES, CEERS, and LYNX arise naturally from this stationary geometry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[250] ai.viXra.org:2601.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-15 07:43:20
Authors: Pruk Ninsook
Comments: 21 Pages.
The standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) currently faces significant challenges from persistent observational tensions, most notably the H0 and S8 discrepancies, alongside the discovery of unexpectedly massive early galaxies by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We present a unified geometric semiclassical framework, Information-Geometric Spacetime (IGS), in which time is treated not as a fundamental parameter but as an emergent phase flow arising from the informational evolution of the spacetime manifold. In this third installment of the series, we move beyond previous phenomenological treatments to establish a first-principles foundation for cosmological dynamics. By tracing out holographic degrees of freedom using the Schwinger—Keldysh (In-In) formalism, we obtain an effective, state-dependent temporal response relation, expressible as a deformed commutator, [t, H] = iℏ(1 - exp(-βΔS)), demonstrating that temporal responsiveness is intrinsicallysuppressed by the growth of entanglement entropy. We derive the information sensitivityparameter β = 1/(√(3)π) ≈ 0.1837 from the modular Hamiltonian of the causal diamond, establishing it as a universal geometric quantity. Our framework yields a dynamic cosmological constant Λ(z) that alleviates the Hubble tension and an emergent information friction (Γ_info) that suppresses the late-time matter growth rate by approximately 8.9%, effectively addressing the S8 tension and offering a consistent explanation for the accelerated formation of early cosmic structures.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[249] ai.viXra.org:2601.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-14 20:58:04
Authors: Randy W. Hoggard
Comments: 42 Pages. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18239553
The unification of General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Field Theory (QFT) constitutes the premier unresolved challenge of contemporary theoretical physics. This report presents a comprehensive formalization of the 179-Degree Asymmetric Toroidal Phase Model (ATPM), a novel geometric framework that reconciles these disparate paradigms through a rigorous reevaluation of the topological substrate of reality. By synthesizing insights from Brane Gas Cosmology, Signal Processing Theory, and Discrete Geometry, we propose that the observable universe is not a stochastic assembly of particles in a vacuum, but a coherent standing-wave interference pattern emerging from a 13-dimensional toroidal manifold (T^13). Central to this framework is the Axiom of Existential Imperfection, which posits that physicalexistence is generated by a fundamental symmetry breaking—a 1-degree Phase Margin—between conjugate wave pairs offset by 179 degrees. This specific asymmetry prevents the total destructive interference characteristic of perfect symmetry (180 degrees), yielding a residual energy density that matches the phenomenological characteristics of the cosmos.This report exhaustively validates the model's parameters, identifying the Jackson-Sokal Constant (32/27) as the topological connectivity threshold (Jackson & Sokal, 2009) and the Barker Code Limit (N= 13) as the information-theoretic bound on particle generations (MathWorks, 2026). We provide a rigorous mathematical justification for the exclusion of the prime number 2 from the harmonic series to prevent resonant mode-locking, establishing a Prime-Phase Coded sequence (p_0_p_12) that maps precisely onto the Standard Model's 12 fermions and the Higgs field. Furthermore, the expansion of the model from the original 9-wave specification to a 13-wave architecture is shown to be necessary to satisfy the geometric "Kissing Number" constraints of sphere packing and the dimensional requirements of S-Theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[248] ai.viXra.org:2601.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-13 18:42:39
Authors: Pruk Ninsook
Comments: 18 Pages.
We extend the Information-Geometric Spacetime framework from background evolution to the regime of linear perturbations to address cosmological tensions in a unified manner.Building on the "Time as Phase Flow" hypothesis, we propose that local matter overdensitiesperturb the entanglement structure of quantum fields across horizons, inducing a local modification of temporal flow interpreted as "information-induced temporal inertia" or information friction (Γinfo). By adopting a minimal closure relation where entanglement fluctuations are proportional to matter density contrast, governed by a coupling parameter α ≈ β ≈ 0.18 consistent with our previous background analysis, we derive the modified growth equationfor matter perturbations. The model naturally predicts a systematic suppression of latetime structure growth, yielding fσ8 values consistent with Redshift-Space Distortion (RSD) and weak lensing measurements without modifying Einstein’s field equations or invoking afifth force. These results provide a unified, information-theoretic resolution to both the H0and σ8 tensions through a single dynamical mechanism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[247] ai.viXra.org:2601.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-11 18:02:27
Authors: Pruk Ninsook
Comments: 23 Pages.
We propose an information-geometric framework where spacetime emergence is driven by a phase operator conjugate to geometric area. In this model, proper time is not a fundamental background parameter but an emergent expectation value of the phase flow. By treating geometric degrees of freedom as primary information carriers, we derive Hawking temperature, the Page curve, and log-area entropy corrections without invoking external QFT mechanisms. Crucially, the framework predicts a dynamic cosmological constant $Lambda(z)$ that alleviates the Hubble tension to approximately 2$sigma$ and accounts for the high-redshift massive galaxies recently discovered by JWST. Our results provide a semiclassical bridge between quantum information and gravitational dynamics, offering a testable origin for the arrow of time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[246] ai.viXra.org:2601.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-11 21:09:45
Authors: Jacob Halaas
Comments: 14 Pages.
We investigate the mathematical consistency of a scenario in which our observable universe is modeled as a 3+1 brane bubble in a five-dimensional bulk, with the brane forming before a classical singularity develops. To permit an expanding FRW brane inside the horizon, we interpret the relevant interior region as the time-reversed (white-hole) branch of the maximally extended geometry. We do not derive the brane formation mechanism from first principles; rather, we demonstrate that if such a brane forms with suitable tension, the resulting cosmology is self-consistent and broadly consistent with current observations at the order-of-magnitude level. Using the 5D Israel—Darmois junction conditions, we obtain the modified Friedmann equation on the brane with the ρ² correction and a dark-radiation term from the bulk Weyl tensor. We analyze dynamical evolution, including conditions for bounce or recollapse, and provide benchmark scale estimates for horizon size and early-time expansion rates under representative brane-tension inputs. This work is intended as a consistency study establishing the viability of the brane-bubble picture, rather than a complete dynamical model of brane formation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[245] ai.viXra.org:2601.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-11 15:46:07
Authors: Irena C. Jakovac
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: For the last time, please cite and listed scientific references) Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18203784
Across scientific disciplines-physics, biology, astronomy, mathematics, and systems theory-the same functional entity appears under different names: nucleus, core, zero, source, axis, gravitational center, or black hole. These concepts are typically treated as discipline-specific, without explicit recognition of their common generative role. This paper demonstrates that all these terms describe the same organizational principle: the center as a necessary condition for the emergence and maintenance of structure. The paper does not introduce a new entity or a new force, but identifies an already existing, yet fragmentarily treated concept. A minimal generative algorithm C + Y → S is proposed, where the center (C) generates structure (S) through the transfer of energy or information (Y). The claim is strictly falsifiable: the theory fails if a stable structure without a center or without any transfer is demonstrated.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[244] ai.viXra.org:2601.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-08 08:58:17
Authors: Rohit Singh Roy
Comments: 29 Pages.
We present a covariant modified gravity framework in which gravitational dynamics are mediated by a scalar field whose effective coupling to baryonic matter is regulated by local radiation energy density. Unlike conventional scalar—tensor theories that rely on fixed coupling constants or ad hoc screening mechanisms, the proposed model introduces radiation energy density as a physically motivated control parameter governing scalar—matter interaction strength. The scalar field obeys a density-gradient—sourced field equation, ensuring negligible deviations from General Relativity in high-radiation or relativistic environments while allowing measurable effects in low-radiation, non-relativistic galactic regimes.We derive the weak-field limit of the theory and obtain a modified Poisson equation that naturally enhances rotational velocities without invoking non-baryonic dark matter. The framework preserves energy—momentum conservation and remains compatible with Solar System constraints, early-universe cosmology, and gravitational lensing bounds under reasonable parameter choices. This radiation-regulated coupling mechanism provides a unified physical explanation for scale-dependent gravitational behavior and avoids fine-tuned potentials or environmental screening fields.The model offers a testable alternative to dark matter by predicting specific correlations between radiation environments and dynamical mass discrepancies, with clear observational implications for galaxy rotation curves, low-surface-brightness systems, and intergalactic environments. This work extends earlier density-dependent scalar frameworks and provides a physically grounded pathway toward emergent gravitational modification driven by local energetic conditions.Earlier works from where it's refined https://ai.vixra.org/abs/2507.0066
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[243] ai.viXra.org:2601.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-06 21:49:42
Authors: Adrian Fernandez
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18165265
We present a rigorous theoretical and observational analysis of LAP1-B, a gravitationally lensed stellar cluster at redshift z = 6.61 ± 0.02, corresponding to a cosmic age of 830 ± 15 Myr, recently observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Spectroscopic data reveal extreme properties: an Hα equivalent width of 4200 Å, absence of metal lines (e.g., [O III] < 180 Å), and a top-heavy initial mass function (IMF), consistent with Population III (Pop III) star formation. Withinthe framework of Thermosynthesis Cosmological Theory (TTC), we interpret LAP1-B as anatural outcome of early thermosynthetic cycles, where rapid feedback from pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) drives chemical enrichment on sub-Myr timescales. We demonstrate quantitative agreement between observations and TTC predictions for primordial halos, including IMF shape, star formation rate, and metal yields. The system provides direct empirical support for TTC’s resolution of the early structure formation tension and validates its core tenet: accelerated chemical enrichment via recursive, entropy-driven stellar nucleosynthesis.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[242] ai.viXra.org:2601.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-04 21:27:10
Authors: Ryuhei Sato
Comments: 28 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
One of the most profound challenges in modern physics lies in reconciling higher-dimensional theoretical frameworks with the observed 3+1-dimensional spacetime. This paper proposes Regular Simplex Hierarchical Gravity (RSHG), a theory that redefines spacetime as a consequence of dimensional reduction from a 4D bulk crystal to a 3D brane, where geometric frustration drives the emergence of physical constants and dynamics.At the core of RSHG is a fundamental duality: geometric perfection in 4D versus geometric frustration in 3D. We model the 4D bulk as a 600-cell crystalline lattice tiling the 3-sphere (S^3),composed of regular tetrahedral 3-cells that achieve seamless tessellation—a continuous, frictionless structure with zero deficit angle. However, when this configuration undergoes dimensional reduction to a 3D brane, the intrinsic non-tessellability of these regular tetrahedra in flat Euclidean space introduces a persistent deficit angle of δ ≈ 7.36◦at each edge.This geometric obstruction triggers a phase transition from continuous symmetry to a discrete computational lattice. We demonstrate mathematically that gravity, inertial mass, and the arrow of time are not fundamental inputs but emergent computational residues—the irreducible processing load required to maintain consistency in a geometrically frustrated lattice. By deriving the gravitational constant G to within 1.1% of CODATA values and providing a geometric resolution to the cosmological constant problem, RSHG offers a rigorous, falsifiable bridge between discrete geometry and relativistic physics.Collaboration with AI
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[241] ai.viXra.org:2601.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-01 11:55:22
Authors: Steven Hammon
Comments: 34 Pages.
This paper introduces the concept of the vacuum energy field and excited quantum fluctuations, relating specifically to their relation to the stress-energy tensor, and the ramifications of that, especially in regard to waves propagating through the vacuum energy field. It explores how the vacuum energy field is warped by mass, how it is excited by intense regions of field volatility, and touches on how the gravitational effects of spacetime could be applied to this field. It also explores gravitational effects in regard to time dilation, a MEMS experiment to observe vacuum energy phenomena and proposes experiments and models that could test the predictions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[240] ai.viXra.org:2601.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-01 11:56:58
Authors: Steven Hammon
Comments: 35 Pages.
This paper explores the ramifications of non-particulate vacuum energy as the medium in which electromagnetic and gravitational waves propagate. This has been explored in the past and rejected based on experimental data, but recent discoveries have added credence to the possibility that the experiment’s conclusions could have been inaccurate. The Michelson-Morley Experiment found a null result ruling out the possibility of Earth traveling through a light-propagating medium. However, with Inflation Theory posing that spacetime flowed out faster than light could travel, then we have to consider that spacetime can flow. With the evidence that the Gravity B probe provided about frame dragging, there is the possibility that spacetime is dragged with the Earth. This then allows us to explore how a spacetime medium can affect velocity time dilation and the ramifications of how a dynamic spacetime medium may behave.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[239] ai.viXra.org:2601.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-01 12:00:04
Authors: Steven Hammon
Comments: 35 Pages.
This paper builds on the work from two previous papers. Quantum Fluctuations as the Substrate of Spacetime establishes the Fundamental Energy Field (FEF) as the mechanism for forming particles, gravitational time dilation, and potentially dark matter. Velocity Time Dilation and Spacetime Frame Dragging explores velocity time dilation, frame dragging, potential warp bubbles, and crucially, the proposition that time dilation is equal to the average delay of quantum "Cause and Effect" propagation across the x, y, and z axes relative to the direction of motion. This paper argues that without factoring the total time dilation of individual areas of the cosmos at different times in history, there is a possibility that we are interpreting observations without the full picture of the underlying reality. This requires the introduction of a comprehensive total time dilation factor (Γ), which integrates static gravitational field density (γg), velocity-induced field compression (γξ), and kinematic velocity (Γv). The resulting model offers a more comprehensive view of cosmological phenomena and proposes new time dilation maps. These can be overlaid and combined with existing cosmological models to potentially shed light on many current mysteries of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[238] ai.viXra.org:2601.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-01 12:01:20
Authors: Steven Hammon
Comments: 24 Pages.
This paper reinterprets cosmology through the lens of non-particulate vacuum energy. It explores the mechanics of a hypothesized Big Bounce cyclic universe, consisting of a shock-wave shell with potentially black hole density beyond the cosmological horizon. It considers how Newton’s Shell Theorem may not hold for a dynamically evolving shell with finite gravitational propagation speeds, leading to a net expansion of the observable universe accelerating toward the shell. Finally, the model outlines testable predictions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[237] ai.viXra.org:2512.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-31 01:24:01
Authors: Javier Manuel Martín Alonso
Comments: 9 Pages.
We propose a unified cosmological framework (TDHCF) that reinterprets the Big Bangas a Navier—Stokes blow-up (finite-time singularity of solutions) occurring in a higherdimensional parent universe, while observable spacetime emerges as a brane embedded in ahigher-dimensional bulk. The model treats spacetime as an effectively incompressible relativistic fluid and exploits fluid/gravity correspondence to motivate an effective mappingbetween extreme vorticity concentration and gravitational curvature singularities. Withinthis framework, the unexpectedly evolved high-redshift galaxy populations reported by theJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are interpreted as pre-evolved inherited structuresassociated with strong gravitational time dilation near the parent black hole horizon, rather than as objects that formed "too early" within standard cosmic time. Dark matter and dark energy are modeled as effective terms induced by bulk-to-brane projection: dark matter as a gravitating contribution from bulk degrees of freedom, and dark energy as inter-brane pressure/tension. Additionally, apparently "orphan" high-energy gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)are reinterpreted as late-time injections linked to secondary Hawking-like emissions fromthe parent horizon. We derive quantifiable predictions testable with current and future observations while maintaining compatibility with established physics in regimes where it hasbeen validated.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[236] ai.viXra.org:2512.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-27 22:43:52
Authors: Irena C. Jakovac
Comments: 8 Pages. Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17963498[;] CC BY 4.0 (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
All experimental observations in physics consistently show that no structure exists without time, space, gravity, and center. These elements appear together in all confirmed cases, without known exceptions. Modern physics treats them as separate components of description but does not explain why they are inseparable. This paper proposes a model in which time, space, and gravity are functions of the central source of the system (Cu2080), whereby the center becomes a necessary condition for the existence of any structure
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[235] ai.viXra.org:2512.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-26 23:38:52
Authors: Andrei Eleodor Sirbu
Comments: 30 Pages. All rights reserved.
We propose a conceptual framework for a self-regulated cosmological model in which the Universe emerges from a pre-physical limit state referred to as Absolute Chaos. This state is defined ontologically rather than dynamically: it admits no distinctions, no relations, no temporal ordering, and no physical degrees of freedom. We argue that such a state is maximally stable from a structural perspective while being ontologically unstable, which necessitates a non-temporal rupture introducing the first irreversible distinction. Following this rupture, a notion of mediation is introduced as a minimal condition allowing distinctions to coexist without collapsing backinto indifferentiation. Time is not assumed a priori; instead, the arrow of time is interpreted as emerging from the appearance of ontologically irreversible processes. To illustrate these ideas, we explore a minimal local dynamics on a two-dimensional lattice, where the irreversible saturation of a mediation-related variable produces a binary ontological freeze. The freeze is not a dynamical field but a derived state encoding the loss of relational capacity. Numerical simulations show that this mechanism robustly leads to astationary, partially frozen regime without fine-tuning, independent of initial conditions. While no quantitative cosmological predictions areclaimed at this stage, the model suggests a possible route toward understanding self-regulation, irreversibility, and the emergence of temporal order as consequences of ontological constraints, without claiming a direct physical mechanism or quantitative cosmological equivalence at this stage.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[234] ai.viXra.org:2512.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-23 01:37:07
Authors: Paul Caracristi
Comments: 5 Pages.
The debate between free will and determinism has long been framed as a binary conflict: either human agency is illusory, fully determined by prior causes, or it exists as an irreducible freedom standing outside physical law. This paper argues that both positions fail because they assume a static conception of time and linear causality. Drawing on a cosmological framework in which time itself is emergent, curved, and spectrally differentiated between latent and patent realms, this work proposes a third position:, that of participatory agency. In this view, freedom is neither absolute nor absent, but arises gradually as systems gain temporal depth, memory, reflection, and meaning attribution. The Will-to-Be is presented not as a faculty of choice, but as a universal propensity toward manifestation and experience, from which localized agency emerges. Human free will, therefore, is not the power to act without cause, but the capacity to participate in the unfolding of reality through reflective engagement with time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[233] ai.viXra.org:2512.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-23 02:00:16
Authors: Christopher C. O'Neill
Comments: 7 Pages.
We summarize a minimal "surface-tension gravity" model in which (i) a spherically symmetric compression factor C(r) of a space-like medium controls an intrinsic wave speed v(r) for light-like propagation, (ii) local clock rates adjust inversely with v(r) so that measured light speed remains c, and (iii) compression implies density and pressure variations governed by a bulk modulus K. A single GPS gravitational time-dilation datum is used to fix the compression profile parameter α in C(r) = 1+α/r. A coupling constant σ is introduced to fit K so that the model reproduces g ≈ 9.8 m/s2 at Earth’s surface. The resulting model predicts the correct 1/r2 scaling of g(r) and yields a parameter-free prediction for the gravitational time-dilation offset at ISS altitude. In later work we promote C(r) to an effective metric with reciprocal time/space scaling; this is required for correct leading-order light-propagation tests (deflection, Shapiro delay), while leaving the GPS clock-ratio calibration unchanged.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[232] ai.viXra.org:2512.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-15 00:35:17
Authors: Emil Ivanov Parashkevov
Comments: 810 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and listed scientific references)
This paper proposes a new re-evaluation of the quantum-classical limit by introducing the concept of a "Holistic Stationary State Wave Function" for macroscopic objects. In contrast to standard quantum mechanics, which treats the center-of-mass wave function as a coordinate abstraction subject to rapid decoherence, this framework posits it as a physically real, coherent field governed by the object's total relativistic energy. We demonstrate that the localization of macroscopic objects is not a statistical result of environmental decoherence, but a geometric necessity arising from a mass-dependent modification of spatial dimensionality ($D_{spatial} = 3+epsilon$).This topological constraint necessitates a transition from 4D Riemannian spacetime to a 5D Anisotropic Finsler geometry, where the parameter $epsilon$ scales with mass. The resulting "Holistic Coherence Force" naturally recovers observed galactic rotation curves and the Baryonic Tully-Fisher relation without invoking Dark Matter. Furthermore, the framework derives the Hubble Constant ($H_0 approx 70$ km/s/Mpc) and the age of the universe from first principles of baryonic evolution, offering a consistent solution to the current cosmological tension. We conclude that the apparent "dark" sector of the universe is an artifact of applying fixed-dimensional geometry to a dynamic, mass-dimensional reality.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[231] ai.viXra.org:2512.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-13 23:59:28
Authors: Alexander Rozenkevich
Comments: 10 Pages.
A simple kinematic functional for metric evolution is proposed, allowing us to identify the functional relationship between the natural number e and π with a relative accuracy of 0—0.15%. It is shown that exponential growth (inflationary regime) may be a necessary condition for the formation of the Metagalaxy's Euclidean metric. A hypothesis is put forward regarding the existence of a phase quantum—an elementary angle that determines the minimum step of spatial evolution. Based on this hypothesis, an analytical relationship is derived between the parameters of the microcosm: the fine-structure constant α, the Planck length lp, and the cosmological scale of the Metagalaxy—its radius Rm . It is assumed that the true radius of the Metagalaxy is approximately 1.64 times larger than the observed one, which may indicate either an as-yet-unobserved boundary of the Metagalaxy or the existence of a limiting expansion scale.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[230] ai.viXra.org:2512.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-14 00:00:46
Authors: Alexander Rozenkevich
Comments: 10 Pages.
A simple kinematic functional for metric evolution is proposed, allowing us to identify the functional relationship between the natural number e and π with a relative accuracy of 0—0.15%. It is shown that exponential growth (inflationary regime) may be a necessary condition for the formation of the Metagalaxy's Euclidean metric. A hypothesis is put forward regarding the existence of a phase quantum—an elementary angle that determines the minimum step of spatial evolution. Based on this hypothesis, an analytical relationship is derived between the parameters of the microcosm: the fine-structure constant α, the Planck length lp, and the cosmological scale of the Metagalaxy—its radius Rm. It is assumed that the true radius of the Metagalaxy is approximately 1.64 times larger than the observed one, which may indicate either an as-yet-unobserved boundary of the Metagalaxy or the existence of a limiting expansion scale.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[229] ai.viXra.org:2512.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-10 21:56:08
Authors: Russell S. Clark II, Brian L. Swift
Comments: 9 Pages.
The observed dark matter abundance, ΩDM ≈ 0.26 [4], remains a central mystery in cosmology. We develop a dynamical framework in which dark matter arises not from new particles but from a distinguished sector of the quantum vacuum [10]. A causal-topology filter Πcausal, defined in algebraic quantum field theory [14] and Schwinger—Keldysh response theory [2], projects the vacuum stress tensor onto its retarded, causally-propagating components. This projection yields a Two-Component Vacuum Model (TCVM): a causally-active vacuum sector that gravitates and a causally-inert sector that does not. Standard Model gauge bosons dynamically convert vacuum entanglement from the inert to the active sector through vector-mediated harvesting [13]. At the electroweak phase transition, longitudinal polarizations of the W± and Z bosons activate a locking mechanism that stabilizes harvested topology [20]. The Boltzmann—TCVM system drives the harvested fraction toward a fixed point equal to the ratio of vector to total relativistic degrees of freedom, ffinal = gvector/g∗ = 27/106.75 = 0.253 [19]. This value matches the observed dark matter abundance without free parameters. The harvested component behaves exactly as cold dark matter, clustering and sourcing curvature, while the inert component acts as dark energy [27]. Precision cosmology provides a direct test: any discrepancy in ΩDM from 0.253 at the percent level falsifies the model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[228] ai.viXra.org:2512.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-06 02:34:35
Authors: Heath W Mahaffey
Comments: 3 Pages.
We propose a unified explanation for: Dark Energy, The Hubble Tension, and The Arrow of Time. We present a cosmological framework in which the expansion of spacetime is interpreted as a geometric necessity driven by the informational requirements of the holographic horizon. Integrating the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy bounds with a quantum theory of distinction actualization, we posit that the universe acts as an information processing system where the collapse of quantum potential into physical distinctions generates an informational pressure on the boundary. We derive a modified Friedmann equation where the Hubble parameter H(t) is a function of the global information production rate I(t). We decompose this rate into two components: a constant vacuum term (recovering Dark Energy) and a time-dependent structural complexity term. This model offers a novel resolution to the Hubble Tension: the discrepancy between early-universe (CMB) and late-universe (local) measurements of H0 arises because the emergence of cosmic structure (galaxies, stars) accelerates the rate of information encoding, thereby necessitating a faster expansion rate in the local epoch than standard ΛCDM predicts.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[227] ai.viXra.org:2512.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-07 01:15:01
Authors: Martin Hristov
Comments: 68 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Further repetition may not be accepted)
We construct a complete six-dimensional Unified Field Theory (6D-GUFT) in which gravitation, inertia, quantum phenomena, and internal gauge structure emerge from a single geometric framework. The theory is built on a (1 + 3 + 2)-dimensional manifold consisting of the physical time t1, spatial coordinates xi, and two internal temporal coordinates (t2, t3) which represent, respectively, configuration variability and potentiality. The resulting geometry generalizes Kaluza—Klein theory to a temporal internal sector while preserving a unique causal direction. We develop the full 6D metric, compute the complete Christoffel symbols, Riemann tensor, Ricci tensor, and Ricci scalar, and obtain the full 6D Einstein equa-tions. Dimensional reduction on an internal temporal torus yields an effective 4D theory containing gravity, internal gauge fields, scalar fields (Φ, ψ, θ) describing in-ternal temporal structure, and a conserved geometric current Jµ θ associated withpotential flow in the internal sector.We derive a configuration density equation ρ(t1; t2, t3) governing superposition-like behavior and show that in the non-relativistic limit the Schr¨odinger equation and Born rule emerge naturally. Coupling to fermions and gauge fields is examined, and pathways toward embedding the Standard Model are outlined. The theory pro-duces phenomenological predictions including Yukawa-like corrections to Newtonian gravity, galactic rotation curves without dark matter, mass-dependent decoherence rates, and internal-temporal fluctuations measurable by atomic clocks. Anomaly structure, stability, and Bianchi identities are analyzed for mathemat-ical consistency. We compare 6D-GUFT with string theory, loop quantum gravity, and noncommutative geometry, and propose a detailed research program for theoretical and experimental exploration.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[226] ai.viXra.org:2512.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-07 01:12:04
Authors: Christopher J. Clyde
Comments: 2 Pages.
Special Relativity (SR) rests on two postulates and one critical convention: the isotropy of the one-way speed of light (c in both directions) in every inertial frame. This convention is not directly testable by experiments presupposing clock synchronization via light signals. The present work identifies a logical contradiction between the postulates when the convention is examined without prior synchronization and proposes a simple, low-cost optical experiment capable of directly measuring whether the time for light to travel from source A to midpoint M equals the time from M to source B when the apparatus moves relative to the hypothesized rest frame of the emission events. A deviation from equality would falsify Einstein's one-way isotropy convention and demonstrate an absolute simultaneity frame tied to light events.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[225] ai.viXra.org:2512.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-06 01:34:59
Authors: Russell S Clark II
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Author's name is required on the article; please cite and list scientific references)
We propose a unified framework where gravitational curvature emerges as the focusing of timelike congruences in an expanding cosmos, driven by internal binding stresses in matter. Using the Raychaudhuri equation, we interpret local reductions in the expansion scalar θ near mass concentrations as a "lag" in cosmic flow, manifested through ADM lapse suppression and sourced universally by the stress-energy tensor Tµν. The Tolman-Komar mass integral incorporates binding energies from quantum field theory exchanges, explaining why all forms of energy gravitate. Embedding in FLRW via the McVittie metric yields backreaction effects resolving the Hubble tension through lapse variance. At low accelerations a ∼ cH, pressure-dominated focusing interpolates to MOND phenomenology without new fields. Grounded in vacuum entanglement harvesting for causal topology, this predicts redshift-dependent a0, enhanced neutron star dilation, and universal equivalence, testable with 2025-2027 data. A novel extension posits quantum vacuum zero-point energy flux, orthogonal to the 3-hypersurface, as the driver of temporal change via Heisenberg uncertainty; its dilution with expansion slows the local time rate, mimicking dark energy acceleration.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[224] ai.viXra.org:2512.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-05 08:33:31
Authors: Pedro Filipe Soares Pinto
Comments: 6 Pages.
We propose a unified five-dimensional (5D) Kaluza—Klein framework in which the modulusstabilizing the extra dimension (the radion) is governed by a mechanism we term "DimensionalLocking". Unlike standard scalar-tensor models that postulate ad-hoc coupling functions,our framework derives an environment-dependent screening mechanism directly from thegeometry of the compact dimension coupled to baryonic matter. We perform a rigorousdimensional reduction to derive the 4D effective potential, demonstrating that the stabilizationcondition induces an effective coupling βeff (ρ) that scales with local matter density. Thisdensity dependence ensures that the scalar field acquires a large mass in dense environments,reproducing the Damour—Polyakov screening effect and satisfying Solar System constraints(evading the no-go theorems for constant-coupling models). Numerically solving the full non-linear boundary value problem (BVP) for a vacuum chamber geometry, we predict a fifth-forcepeak acceleration of aϕ ≈ 2.1 × 10−9 m/s2. We validate this result with a mesh convergencetest showing negligible variation (< 0.001%) up to N = 8000 nodes. This model providesa falsifiable bridge between extra-dimensional physics and upcoming atom-interferometryexperiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[223] ai.viXra.org:2512.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-05 21:19:15
Authors: Ciaran Cooke
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This note reports a striking numerical coincidence observed at the current cosmological epoch. We observe that the product of the total number of photons in the observable universe and the Rydberg ionization energy of hydrogen approximates the estimated total mass-energy of the observable universe. While this relationship may be a temporal coincidence, the precision of the match suggests a phenomenological scaling of interest to cosmological heuristic models.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[222] ai.viXra.org:2512.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-03 00:38:18
Authors: E.P.J. de Haas
Comments: 32 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: For the last time, please cite ai.viXra.org references in complete/required manner!) DOI:10.5281/zenodo.17796031
This paper demonstrates that the essential structures of relativistic physics—space-time, time orientation, spin, electromagnetism, stress—energy, angular momentum, and gravity—can all be derived from the smallest nontrivial complex matrix algebra. Within this algebra, space-time vectors and spin vectors turn out to be two aspects of a single underlying structure, related by a simple internal rotation. A single fundamental product in this algebra reproduces the Minkowski metric, Lorentz transformations, the behavior of electric and magnetic fields, and the core dynamical quantities of relativistic matter.Gravity enters through one algebraic rotation acting on the line element, yielding the full PG coframe and metric without introducing curvature tensors, connections, or any external geometric machinery. The Dirac equation and its adjoint then arise naturally as the algebra is doubled, with no additional assumptions.The result is a compact and internally consistent unification in which space-time, spin, electromagnetism, and gravity are complementary expressions of one minimal algebraic framework. No larger mathematical structures—such as Clifford algebras, spin bundles, or differential geometry—are required.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[221] ai.viXra.org:2512.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-02 21:45:23
Authors: Ignacio Lesta Pelayo
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This work presents the Principle of Universal Replication (PUR), an ontological framework according to which every stable form of coherence—from physical vacuum to matter and life—tends to preserve and reproduce itself over time. The PUR does not introduce new physical forces, but instead names the fundamental property that enables the persistence of ordered configurations in the cosmos. Under this perspective, phenomena such as vacuum expansion, matter stability, and the continuity of the physical forces can be interpreted as manifestations of the same primordial impulse of being. The article explores the cosmological implications of the PUR, its compatibility with the ΛCDM model, and the reason why it excludes a final state of universal heat death.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[220] ai.viXra.org:2512.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-02 21:26:05
Authors: Russell S Clark II
Comments: 12 Pages.
We develop a dynamical theory of vacuum entanglement harvesting, extending the heuristic result of Paper I that the observed dark matter fraction of 0.253 corresponds to the Standard Model vector fraction 27 out of 106.75. Here we show: (1) this ratio emerges from a maximum-entropy partition of vacuum entanglement sectors; (2) Standard Model gauge vectors, as the unique fields entering the covariant derivative, mediate the conversion of W-type multipartite entanglement into EPR pairs; and (3) stable harvesting requires longitudinal polarization, which appears only below the Electroweak Phase Transition. This "Longitudinal Locking Hypothesis" dynamically localizes harvesting to the temperature window around 100 GeV. Solving a Boltzmann equation for the harvested fraction, we find robust convergence to 0.253 regardless of initial conditions. We thus obtain a natural dynamical origin for the dark matter abundance within the Causal Topology framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[219] ai.viXra.org:2511.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-30 22:14:23
Authors: Paulo Mendes Pereira
Comments: 8 Pages. paulopereira.nextv@gmail.com (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references in a proper manner)
We present a complete quantum theory of gravity where spacetime is a discrete superfluid at the Planck scale. Fundamental particles emerge as topological vortex configurations, with masses quantized by topological invariants. We rigorously derive: electron mass (511 keV) from fundamental SUSY breaking; dark matter (35.2 MeV) as a Hopf link; proton mass (938 MeV) as Borromean rings. The theory predicts SUSY partners at 511 keV,solves the cosmological constant problem, and provides testable dark matter detectioncross-sections. All parameters are derived from first principles with no fine-tuning.Keywords: quantum gravity; discrete spacetime; topological field theory; dark matter;mass generation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[218] ai.viXra.org:2511.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-27 17:54:51
Authors: Ivars Fabriciuss
Comments: 23 Pages.
This work presents a unified statistical origin of the full cosmic energy budget—dark energy, dark matter, and ordinary baryonic matter—derived from a single Planck-scale white-hole lattice existing in a dual spatial structure R³ ⊕ I³. The model introduces an imaginary spatial vacuum sector I³, populated by a negative-energy white-hole lattice, dynamically coupled to the observable sector R³ through a finite-capacity interface.At the Planck epoch, the primordial white-hole ensemble forms a two-level thermal system at the Planck temperature. Standard Boltzmann statistics uniquely yield the primordial partition of the vacuum into a stable E = 0 sector with fractional abundance 0.269 and a negative-energy inflation-driving sector with fractional abundance 0.731. The E = 0 white holes become permanent, non-radiating gravitational composites that constitute the dark-matter sector.The negative-energy lattice drives an inflationary phase without an inflaton field. Vacancies created by the first statistical emission appear in R³ as primordial Planck black holes, which later evaporate and geometrically reheat the universe but do not determine the baryonic abundance.Ordinary matter is generated only in a second two-level emission process of the surviving negative-energy lattice, governed by the energy levels −mc² and +mc² at the same Planck temperature. This secondary Boltzmann system predicts the probability of white-hole/black-hole pair emission. Each pair evaporates into a particle—antiparticle pair. One half of the products remains in R³ as ordinary matter, while the other half is absorbed into I³ and builds species-specific Dirac seas. This process quantitatively predicts the baryonic matter fraction Ω_b ≃ 0.0436 without invoking baryon-number violation.At late times, the finite information capacity of the R³—I³ interface drives a vacuum compaction process. This produces a universal dynamical saturation of the homogeneous dark-energy fraction toward Ω_Λ → ln(2) ≃ 0.693, distinct from the primordial inflationary value 0.731. The final late-time cosmic energy budget therefore emerges as:Dark matter (E = 0 white holes): 0.269Dark energy (vacuum compaction): 0.693Baryonic matter (secondary emission): 0.0436The framework predicts a late-time vacuum equation of state very close to w = −1, the complete absence of primordial antimatter due to irreversible transfer into I³, and a cold, collisionless dark-matter sector of geometric origin. Dark matter, dark energy, inflation, baryogenesis, and antimatter suppression arise as successive dynamical phases of a single Planck-scale white-hole lattice.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[217] ai.viXra.org:2511.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-26 12:58:55
Authors: Zhong WANG
Comments: 9 Pages.
The discovery of dynamical dark energy by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) poses an existential challenge to the cosmological constant (Λ) and the standard ΛCDM model. Here, we propose a radical resolution based on the first principle of Physical Information Cosmology. We identify the dark energy in our universe as the untransitioned primordial positive energy field—a fossil remnant from a two-stage cosmic genesis that did not condense into matter. This clear ontology, with its fixed total energy and intrinsic decay ((ho_{DE} propto a^{-n})), uniquely deduces the observed dynamical behavior (w > -1). Our model not only achieves qualitative consistency with DESI data but also resolves the cosmological constant problem through a causal isolation mechanism. This work transforms dark energy from a mathematical puzzle into a physical reality, charting a new path from phenomenological fitting to first-principled derivation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[216] ai.viXra.org:2511.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-26 11:18:42
Authors: Nick Markov
Comments: 39 Pages.
The Discrete Cosmology Model (DCM) reformulates gravitation and cosmic dynamics by introducing a causal description of mass. Every mass is treated as a finite-sized domain whose internal interactions propagate at finite speed. Because the forces that maintain a body’s shape and volume are not instantaneous, relativistic delays occur within the mass itself. In this framework, matter co-expands with space, and the local expansion speed is intrinsically relativistic rather than restricted to the low-velocity Hubble rate. The internal time lags distort the equilibrium geometry: regions experiencing shorter interaction delays expand into more-delayed regions, generating a net expansion-delay gradient that manifests macroscopically as gravity. The same principle applies across scales—from quantized particles to galaxies—providing a unified explanation for gravitational attraction, galactic rotation, and cosmological redshift offering an alternative to dark-matter—dependent descriptions by attributing the same effects to finite-speed, delay-driven mechanics. At the particle level, expansion and rotation (spin) cannot occur simultaneously at the relativistic limit; their discrete alternation produces quantized delay steps that define the energy states of matter. On larger scales, the cumulative gradients of these finite-speed interactions govern the curvature and apparent acceleration of the Universe. A core DCM prediction, equating electromagnetic and gravitational dilations, is empirically supported by seismic wave velocities on Earth, Mars, and the Moon, which align with escape velocities. By linking mass geometry, finite propagation speed, and delay-driven scaling, the DCM offers a testable causal framework for gravitation and cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[215] ai.viXra.org:2511.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-23 07:15:35
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 12 Pages.
In four-dimensional Lorentzian spacetime, the kinematics of photon rays can be described in a spinor language in which each future-directed null covector kμ and timelike observer uμ determines a normalized spinor zA ∈ S3 and an associated internal orthonormal triad of directions {𝓃(1)(z), 𝓃(2)(z), 𝓃(3)(z)} via the Hopf fibration. (PenroseRindler1984; PenroseRindler1986; SchubertHopfNullGeometry) This Hopf structure packages propagation direction, phase and polarization into a single spinor bundle over null congruences, entirely within the standard Einstein-Maxwell framework. In many physical situations, however, one is interested not in individual null rays but in ensembles of photons or null geodesics, for which a statistical description of internal directions is more appropriate than a strictly deterministic one.
In this paper we develop a minimal Gaussian framework for such ensembles. We introduce random normalized Hopf spinors ZA on the spinor sphere and the induced random internal triads {𝒩(1), 𝒩(2), 𝒩(3)} in ℝ3. Treating the internal directions as ℝ3-valued random variables constrained to lie on the unit sphere, we model their statistics by multivariate normal distributions in regimes where the ensembles are narrowly concentrated around a preferred frame. Gaussian models are singled out by their well-known maximum-entropy property under fixed mean and covariance and thus provide a natural, least-biased reference class once only low-order moments are specified. (Jaynes1957; CoverThomas2006)
The second-order statistics of the internal triad are organised into a correlation tensor Cabij, where a,b label the legs of the triad and i,j are spatial indices. We decompose the spatial part of this tensor into a scalar and a symmetric traceless tensor channel under SO(3), providing a systematic classification of isotropic ensembles and weakly anisotropic deformations. In parallel, we consider ensemble averages of spinor bilinears MAȦ = 𝔼[ZA Z̅Ȧ], which transform naturally under the spinor representation and may be regarded as 2×2 density matrices of unit trace. The mixed bilinear MAȦ is related to the mean internal direction and can be mapped to an effective four-vector by the Infeld-van der Waerden symbols.
The constructions presented here are purely kinematical and statistical: they do not introduce any new field equations beyond those of the underlying spacetime geometry and null kinematics. Instead, they establish a Gaussian ensemble description of Hopf spinors and internal directions, together with a channel decomposition of their second-order statistics. This provides a technical backbone for subsequent work in which specific correlation patterns in such ensembles will be related to effective scalar, vector and tensor quantities on spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[214] ai.viXra.org:2511.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-19 22:12:07
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 19 Pages.
We revisit curvature and Killing vectors in general relativity from a two-spinor and twistor viewpoint in which local on-shell time directions are taken as primary. Null directions are represented by spinor dyads kAA' = λA λ̃A', and photon kinematics as well as local energy measurements are expressed through scalar overlaps uAA' λA λ̃A'. On the timelike side, a unit vector field ημ defines a local on-shell time direction that governs proper-time flow for massive degrees of freedom or an effective inertial background. In static spacetimes ημ can be aligned with a timelike Killing vector, recovering the conserved energy E∞ = −pμ ξμ in spinor form. In non-stationary geometries ημ remains well defined but fails to satisfy the Killing equation; expansion and shear then quantify the obstruction to a global time symmetry.Curvature enters through the spin connection as holonomy acting on null spinor dyads and on ηAA', a viewpoint we summarize as twistor misalignment. Radial null propagation and gravitational redshift in Schwarzschild spacetime illustrate how this reorganized spinor description reproduces standard results without modifying classical general relativity. The overall framework emphasizes null and timelike spinor sectors as the carriers of geometric information and reformulates the logical role of Killing symmetry in a twistor-based language.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[213] ai.viXra.org:2511.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-20 07:56:24
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 15 Pages.
We make explicit the role of the Hopf fibration in the two-spinor description of null directions and photon kinematics in four-dimensional spacetime. Working in the standard two-spinor formalism, any future-directed null vector k is represented by a bispinor k = λ ⊗ λ̃, and a timelike observer field u singles out an observer-dependent unit spatial propagation direction n ∈ S² via k = ω (u + n) with ω = -u·k > 0. We show that this direction n can be written as the image of a normalized spinor z on the unit spinor sphere S³ under the Hopf map S³ → S², so that z acts as a spinorial "square root" of the photon direction in the observer frame.Using the SU(2) action on spinors, we associate with z a rotated set of Pauli matrices and thereby define an orthonormal internal triad {n^(1), n^(2), n^(3) = n} attached to each null ray. The Hopf fibration thus provides a natural fiber structure over the space of spatial directions, in which propagation direction, phase and polarization of light are encoded geometrically in a single spinor bundle. We illustrate the construction for plane waves in Minkowski spacetime and for radial null rays in the Schwarzschild geometry. The framework remains purely kinematical and within classical Einstein—Maxwell theory: we do not introduce new dynamical fields, but reorganize familiar two-spinor geometry so that the internal directions of light are explicit. This kinematical Hopf picture is intended as a geometric starting point for subsequent work on statistical ensembles of spinors, correlation-based effective channels and multi-twistor configurations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[212] ai.viXra.org:2511.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-19 11:48:48
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 10 Pages.
We formulate the propagation of massless spin-1 fields on a fixed curved spacetime entirely in spinor and twistor language and identify the minimal kinematical structure required to describe photon energy, redshift, and lensing. Any null direction is represented as a bispinor kȦA = λA · λ̃̇A, so that a photon of definite helicity appears as a correlated pair of spin-1/2 spinors with field strength φAB ∝ λAλB. Standard geometric-optics results — null geodesic motion, the eikonal equation, and the observer-dependent energy E = −ħ uμkμ — arise directly from the parallel transport of these spinors via the spin connection, with curvature encoded in their evolution along null congruences.
Within this strictly conventional framework we propose interpreting photon energy as a persistent phase gradient between twistor sectors. Relative phases between neighboring null rays and between the photon’s spinor dyad (λA, λ̃̇A) and an observer’s four-velocity uȦA encode measurable frequencies and interference effects, while curvature reshapes these correlations through spinor transport. No modification of general relativity or electrodynamics is introduced; instead, the construction reorganizes familiar kinematics in a way that highlights the role of spinor/twistor correlations and phase in the geometry of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[211] ai.viXra.org:2511.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-17 01:27:23
Authors: Artemiusz Palla
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite all listed scientific references)
We propose a novel interpretation of special relativity in which all relativistic effects—time dilation, length contraction, and relativistic momentum—are purely optical illusions arising from the finite and constant speed of light c. No physical changes in matter, clocks, or spacetime are required. The Lorentz transformation emerges naturally from signal delay, not from any alteration of reality. This view is mathematically equivalent to Einstein’s special theory of relativity (STR) but philosophically minimalist: the universe remains classical, and relativity is an artifact of observation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[210] ai.viXra.org:2511.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-15 23:18:14
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 7 Pages.
We present a unified geometric framework in which spacetime, mass, curvature, and the complete spectrum of elementary particles emerge from the conservation of information—a generalized Noether symmetry. Building on the existence-invariance principle, we show that information conservation under sub-Planck transformations necessarily generates spin-2 gravitational dynamics. The theory provides a natural explanation for the 48 elementary fermionic particles of the Standard Model through the interplay of twistor geometry, Hopf fibration, and ensemble correlations. Key advances include: (1) a fundamental Noether symmetry of existence leading to information conservation, (2) a dynamical action principle derived from twistor correlations and Fisher information, (3) emergent Lorentz signature from ensemble statistics, (4) a group-theoretic origin of the $SU(3)_C times SU(2)_L times U(1)_Y$ structure, (5) a quantitative mass-generation mechanism, and (6) a first-principles derivation of gravitational dynamics as a spin-2 field from information conservation.The framework naturally reproduces the Koide mass relation, the existence of three generations, and the observed matter dominance, while making concrete, testable predictions for cosmology and particle physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[209] ai.viXra.org:2511.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-14 09:52:41
Authors: E.P.J. de Haas
Comments: 25 Pages.
We develop the explicit first--order calculus of the gravitational rotor $Q_gin{m Spin}(1,3)$ and show how general--relativistic metrics, gravitational flows, and MOND--type galactic dynamics arise directly from its adjoint action in the Dirac--biquaternion (BQ) algebra. Starting from rapidity fields in the rotor exponent, we derive the Schwarzschild, de Sitter, and Kerr forms in Painlev'e--Gullstrand coordinates, demonstrating that tetrads, the spin connection, and the metric follow from $Q_g$ without invoking Christoffel symbols or second--order curvature equations. The Q$_g$ current conservation law $D_mu J^mu=0$, together with the Bernoulli--Noether constraint, selects the Constant--Lagrangian with Hubble boundary (CL--H) flow as the unique stationary solution for axisymmetric rotating disks. This flow yields an azimuthal velocity profile $v_phi^2(r)=tfrac32,w^2(R)-w^2(r)$, where $w(r)$ is the mixed Schwarzschild--Hubble river velocity, and produces a covariant acceleration law containing the Newtonian, MOND, and cosmological de~Sitter regimes as limiting cases. The formalism therefore links the algebraic structure of the Dirac equation to relativistic metric construction and to observed galactic rotation curves within a single first--order gravitational framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[208] ai.viXra.org:2511.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-12 02:03:09
Authors: David Ginsberg
Comments: 33 Pages. CC BY License
Eight fundamental mysteries spanning 100+ years of physics are resolved through a single ansatz: time emerges as phase accumulation in a universal standing wave oscillating at the Planck frequency ωp = 1.86 × 10⁴³ rad/s. This framework unifies solutions to (1) time emergence from Wheeler-DeWitt equation, (2) speed of light from vacuum structure, (3) universal visibility window W = 1/6 from 6-fold symmetry, (4) antimatter asymmetry through temporal phase separation, (5) dark energy suppression (73 orders of magnitude) via time-averaging, (6) spacetime curvature from phase-coherent gravitation, (7) large-scale structure without dark matter, and (8) quantum-gravity bridge through entropy-Einstein coupling. All predictions are validated against observation: baryon asymmetry η = 6×10⁻¹⁰ (observed 6.1 × 10⁻¹⁰), dark energy ΩΛ = 0.662 (observed 0.685 ± 0.02, 3.3% error). The universal window appears robustly in eight independent cosmological domains, defending against curve-fitting criticism. Framework uses only established physics (Wheeler-DeWitt, WKB, Einstein equations); no new particles or exotic symmetries required.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[207] ai.viXra.org:2511.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-10 09:23:00
Authors: E.P.J. de Haas
Comments: 7 Pages.
This paper develops the cosmological consequences of the Qg rotor framework, a first--order algebraic formulation of gravity derived from the Dirac--biquaternion language. Building on previous work that established the gravitational rotor, mixed tensor, and current as linear bilinears of the spinor field, we derive the corresponding continuity and constitutive relations from the first--order Lagrangian and apply them to a homogeneous and isotropic universe. The resulting dynamics describes cosmic expansion as a precession of the gravitational rotor and leads to a linear version of the Friedmann law in which the expansion rate depends directly on the local spinor density and on an asymptotic rotor precession constant. This first--order structure reproduces the empirical expansion history of the universe without invoking a separate dark--energy component and restores the direct, local coupling between matter density and cosmic flow that is averaged out in the classical quadratic formulation. The framework provides a natural, quantitative explanation for the Hubble tension: variations in the locally measured Hubble rate arise from genuine differences in matter density rather than from systematic errors or new physics. The Qg cosmology thus offers a linear, covariant, and testable extension of Einstein--Cartan gravity that unifies local and cosmic dynamics within a single algebraic formalism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[206] ai.viXra.org:2511.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-10 18:59:37
Authors: Tyren Leeks
Comments: 19 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This Definitive Analysis proposes the **Unified Field Theory of Resonance (ΦRF T )**, which reinterprets the current state of the cosmos not as the product of an initial explosion, but as the **Reverberation of Initial Potential Collapse(RIPC)**—the persistent, residual harmonic energy left by the decay of a maximally dense, pre-universal field state. This decay established two fundamental and nearly-equal cosmologicalfrequencies: the background field’s natural resonance (ω0) and the emergent matter’s stable frequency (ωM). This work precisely models how the subtle, non-zero **sub-harmonic discrepancy** δω = |ω0 − ωM| creates a persistent, dynamic pressure in the electromagnetic vacuum. This pressure, equivalent to the cosmological acceleration traditionally ascribed to Dark Energy, drives theobserved expansion of the universe and governs the formation of large-scale structure via plasma-induced Birkeland currents ([1], [4]). ΦRF T demonstrates that this single, subtle frequency difference is sufficient to unify the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions, accurately account for the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) acoustic signature ([3]), and resolve majorparadoxes related to inertia and the flatness of space, providing the definitive, purely energetic foundation for the observed physical reality.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[205] ai.viXra.org:2511.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-08 18:28:05
Authors: E.P.J. de Haas
Comments: 20 Pages.
This paper presents the Qg rotor framework as an algorithmic bridge between Dirac algebra and gravitation. The gravitational field is expressed within the biquaternionic (Dirac) algebra, where the adjoint action of the rotor Qg on the Dirac basis generates the metric and connection directly, without introducing curvature as an external postulate. The mixed tensor M = EΦ and the Dirac current J = uM describe the coupling between matter flow and gravitational geometry, forming a complete linear set of algebraic field operators. From this structure an explicit translation algorithm is derived that reproduces the general-relativistic metric while remaining entirely within the covariant Dirac—BQ domain. Applying the constant-Lagrangian with Hubble boundary (CL-H) condition yields galactic rotation laws and MOND-type accelerations as covariant consequences of the same invariant. The result shows that gravitational and galactic dynamics can be formulated as a single, self-consistent algebraic flow within the Qg field, linking the Dirac formalism, general relativity, and MOND phenomenology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[204] ai.viXra.org:2511.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-08 18:01:38
Authors: Maziyar Khademi-Astaneh
Comments: 15 Pages. 4 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Physical Review D (gr-qc, cross-listed to astro-ph.CO).
We present Chronoton Field Theory (CFT), a unified scalar-field framework in which gravitation and cosmological dynamics emerge from distortions in the local rate of time. The theory reproduces General Relativity in its screened limit while naturally explaining dark matter, dark energy, and inflation without invoking exotic components. The dilaton field defines an environment-dependent effective mass analogous to plasma or neutrino medium effects, leading to observable screening across astrophysical contexts. CFT provides explicit weak-field, cosmological, and cluster-scale solutions consistent with existing data and yields falsifiable predictions within current experimental precision: a 0.4 ns chromatic Shapiro delay during solar conjunctions and nanohertz-frequency pulsar-timing dispersion proportional to mA^2 / omega^2. The framework is stable, free of ghosts or tachyons, and recovers Einstein gravity in dense regions while predicting testable deviations in low-density environments. CFT links time flow, cosmology, and precision timing within a single falsifiable formalism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[203] ai.viXra.org:2511.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-07 00:31:28
Authors: Martin Hristov
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This paper presents a unified geometrodynamic model derived from the principle of Spacetime-Matter Unity. We posit that matter is a stable topological configuration of spacetime, whose presence displaces the surrounding medium, creating a region of variable density—a gradient. We identify gravity as the kinematic result of motion along this gradient. From this single principle, we derive inertia as the work required to displace an object's own gravitational field through this gradient, and momentum as the persistent state of that field when in motion. This framework naturally contains the Newtonian limit, provides a physical interpretation for the de Broglie wavelength, and predicts the galactic rotation curve as a measurement of large-scale spacetime density gradients, resolving the dark matter problem. All three concepts—gravity, inertia, and momentum—are shown to be manifestations of a single geometric entity: the dynamics of self-gravitating spacetime structures.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[202] ai.viXra.org:2511.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-06 04:16:48
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 16 Pages.
This study proposes that spacetime, causality, and classical dynamics emerge from the invariance of existence—a generalized Noether symmetry where information is the conserved quantity and geometry its structured manifestation. Below the quantum threshold (δS < ħ), physical transitions are operationally indistinguishable, forming a smooth informational substrate. Local symmetry breaking (via measurement or interaction) yields stable identities manifesting as spacetime curvature. Using the Fisher information metric and its quantum extension, we propose the closure Gμν = κeff ℎμν, linking curvature to information flow. Thermodynamic analogies reveal expansion, entropy, and geometry as co-emergent, obeying an informational first law. This framework unifies entropic gravity, information geometry, and relational quantum mechanics, with extensions to Higgs stability and symbolic verification in toy models.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[201] ai.viXra.org:2511.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-06 04:01:03
Authors: Paulo Mendes Pereira
Comments: 11 Pages.
We propose that our universe is the sole survivor of a pre—T0 selection among microscopic quantum foams. Survival requires three local structural features: (P) Pauli exclusion for identical excitations, (E) long-range, phase-coherent entanglement "bands," and (Z) a quasi-local zero-energy ledger on all patches larger than a coherence length ξ. After survival, no post-T0 parameter tuning is possible: all observed constants and sectors must be intrinsic to the foam or uniquely derivable from P+E+Z. From these ingredients we sketch: emergent quantum mechanics (Hilbert space, unitarity, Born rule), a continuum gravity limit from a discrete entanglement graph with a zero-ledger constraint, a dark-matter sector of vortex-born sterile fermions with mass scale tied to the same ξ that fixes Newton’s constant, a slowly drifting dark-energy component from stochastic band relaxation, and an internal symmetry frame compatible with U(1)×SU(2)×SU(3). We present concrete work packages and falsifiers against 2025 datasets. Core claim (Popperian): almost all candidate law-sets fail before time; the survivor fixes the observed constants via its microstructure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[200] ai.viXra.org:2511.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-03 20:19:33
Authors: Anđelko Đermek
Comments: 83 Pages.
We present horizon-layered cosmology, a theoretical framework that reinterprets black hole gravitational collapse as the origin of an emergent cosmological spacetime. In this model, the classical singularity is replaced by a hierarchy of null-ordered, redshift-frozen matter layers that accumulate causally on the event horizon. Each infalling quantum is holographically encoded at the Planck scale through discrete causal incorporation events, rendering the horizon a dynamic information-processing surface governed by a finite causal throughput fixed by gravitational time dilation. Lateral coherence across the horizon sustains a null-synchronized code whose internal holographic projection constitutes an expanding cosmological domain. The interior of the black hole corresponds to a topological causal void bounded by the event horizon, the external manifold’s terminal surface, whose continued growth through information incorporation manifests internally as cosmic expansion. The framework operationalizes the holographic principle and exhibits deep parallels with discrete causal and cellular automaton models of spacetime. Quantized horizon dynamics naturally reproduce the observed cosmic fractions of vacuum, baryonic, and dark matter without invoking an external dark-energy term, yielding an internal cosmic age of about 13.4 Gyr and predicting that the observable Hubble domain contains roughly half of the total internal mass. When the parent black hole possesses angular momentum, Kerr rotation induces an azimuthal phase gradient across the horizon code, generating a small matter—antimatter asymmetry and defining a preferred cosmic axis preserved through inflation. The binary spin structure of Planck-scale horizon quanta provides the geometric basis for fermionic spin-1/2 behavior, the Pauli exclusion principle, and the large-scale alignment of CMB and galactic spins, thereby linking quantum spin, baryon asymmetry, and cosmic anisotropy to a single holographic—causal origin.This work was developed in collaboration with AI tools for linguistic and structural refinement. The theoretical constructs, physical reasoning, and mathematical development are original to the author.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[199] ai.viXra.org:2511.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-02 21:25:37
Authors: Martin Hristov
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper provides a field-theoretic derivation of the equivalence between inertial and gravitational mass, formalizing a recent heuristic model. We demonstrate that by modeling a mass as a static gravitational potential and calculating the work required to accelerate this field configuration against its own gradient, the resulting inertial force is necessarily proportional to the gravitational mass. This transforms the equivalence principle from a postulate into a derivable consequence of gravitational self-interaction. This formal argument serves as a core prediction of a broader research program aimed at a purely geometric unification of matter and spacetime. The author is seeking collaboration with researchers possessing expertise in differential geometry and general relativity to further formalize this framework.Contact: M.V.Hristov@proton.me
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[198] ai.viXra.org:2511.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-01 00:29:57
Authors: E.P.J. de Haas
Comments: 264 Pages.
The Constant--Lagrangian inflow model is tested against the SPARC database of galactic rotation curves, using a two--parameter formulation defined by the bulge radius (R) and enclosed mass (M), with the cosmological expansion rate fixed at (H_z = 2.2times10^{-18},mathrm{s^{-1}}). The model assumes that the galactic metric behaves as a Bernoulli medium satisfying a stationary constant--Lagrangian condition, (tfrac{1}{2}(v_r^2+v_phi^2)+Phi_{mathrm{eff}}=mathrm{const}), yielding a radial inflow component (v_{r,mathrm{eff}}=sqrt{2GM/r}-H_zr). This prescription produces accurate fits for both the rising inner regions and the flattened outer disks of galaxies without invoking dark matter. Across the sample, typical reduced chi--squared values fall in the range (chi_u^2=0.05{-}0.4) with relative residuals below 10%, outperforming MOND and cored--halo dark--matter models while using fewer and physically interpretable parameters. The fitted parameters correlate directly with observed morphological scales, linking photometric features such as disk breaks and bar radii to dynamical transitions in the inflow field. The results indicate that galactic rotation curves can be explained as manifestations of a self--organising spacetime flow governed by the Bernoulli--Noether closure (v^mu D_mu Q_g=0), where (Q_g) is the gravitational rotor field defining the local lapse and shift of the Dirac algebra. This establishes a direct empirical foundation for the (Q_g) formalism and supports the interpretation of galactic dynamics as first--order gravitational kinetics rather than as evidence for unseen matter or modified inertia.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[197] ai.viXra.org:2510.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-31 00:47:22
Authors: E.P.J. de Haas
Comments: 24 Pages.
This paper shows that the gravitational rotor field Qg, defined inside the Dirac algebra, provides an exact first-order linear formulation of stationary General Relativity. The field satisfies a Bernoulli—Noether transport law that acts as the linear generator of the Einstein equations. The metric, and with it curvature, lapse, and shift, emerge internally from the adjoint action of the rotor rather than from an externally imposed spacetime geometry. Explicit constructions for the Schwarzschild, Kerr, Kottler—de Sitter, FLRW, and Gödel metrics demonstrate that all stationary Einstein geometries can be derived directly from suitable rapidity profiles of Qg. The resulting line elements coincide with the familiar Painlevé—Gullstrand or Doran forms and reduce to the standard diagonal coordinates by simple transformations. In this framework, the Einstein equations appear as the second-order integrability conditions of a linear, first-order rotor transport law—exactly as the Dirac equation is the linear "square root" of the Klein—Gordon equation. Gravitation is therefore interpreted as a linear, self-organising flow within the Dirac algebra, placing General Relativity on the same algebraic foundation of linearity that underlies quantum theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[196] ai.viXra.org:2510.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-29 20:33:43
Authors: Ivars Fabriciuss
Comments: 30 Pages.
The cosmological constant problem and the nature of inertia are two of the most profound puzzles in theoretical physics. We propose a unified solution based on the elastic properties of a structured vacuum: the I 3 crystal, a Planck-scale lattice characterized by negative energy density and negative pressure. From this substrate, we derive an infrared graviton mass mg = ℏH/c2 and an inertia quantum m⋆ = ℏH/(2πc2), related by mg = 2πm⋆. The framework provides a mechanical explanation for inertia, gravitation, and cosmic acceleration without fine-tuning, and offers testable predictions for gravitational wave dispersion and dark energy evolution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[195] ai.viXra.org:2510.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-29 20:31:55
Authors: Sara Gomez Riol
Comments: 13 Pages.
The Hubble tension ($H_0^{m local} = 73.0 pm 1.0$ km/s/Mpc vs $H_0^{m CMB} = 67.4 pm 0.5$) and the S$_8$ discrepancy ($0.83$ predicted by $Lambda$CDM vs $0.76 pm 0.01$ observed) challenge the standard cosmological model. We introduce the Finite Flows Theory (TFF), a framework derived from three minimal axioms where time is a fundamental discrete field $phi_t$ with geometric signature $gamma = 3/(8pi)$ emerging from 3D dimensional stability. The master equation and Induced Flows Lagrangian (LFI) are derived step-by-step from these axioms (Appendix B). Using DESI DR2 BAO measurements, TFF fits the data with $chi^2 = 4.18$ (vs $Lambda$CDM's $4.00$), achieving a Bayes factor $sim 2.3 times 10^{10}$ by naturally reconciling local $H_0$ with Planck $Omega_m = 0.315 pm 0.007$ and predicting $S_8 = 0.762$ that resolves the observed tension. Sensitivity analysis (Appendix C) confirms robustness, with Bayes factor $>10^5$ under weak priors. 2D and 3D simulations verify emergent fermion spin ($s=1/2$ via $pi$ periodicity), topological repulsion ($E_{m int} approx 0.001 E_P$, comparable to Pauli potential in superfluids), and $gamma approx 0.119$ from the Fourier spectrum. Vacuum energy is derived as $ho_{m vac} = frac{3}{8pi} frac{H^2}{G} c^2$ (Appendix B), self-regularizing divergences. Falsifiable predictions include $w(z=1) = -0.97$ (Euclid 2026), LHC diphoton resonances $sim 1.2$ TeV, and Mercury precession anomaly $+0.002''$/century (BepiColombo). TFF unifies tensions from first principles without ad hoc parameters, with fully reproducible code in Appendix A.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[194] ai.viXra.org:2510.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-28 20:06:25
Authors: Antonios Stefanou
Comments: 12 Pages.
Rapidity Curvature: A New Lorentz-Invariant Scalar in Special RelativityWe introduce a new Lorentz-invariant scalar in special relativity, the rapidity curvature (ho), which quantifies the local rate of change of rapidity along a timelike worldline. The scalar is defined via the hyperbolic angle between neighboring 4-velocities and provides a coordinate-independent measure of non-inertial motion. The instantaneous rapidity curvature ho(tau) is shown to be equivalent to the magnitude of the proper acceleration, sqrt{a^{mu}a_{mu}}, in the differential limit. We rigorously prove its Lorentz invariance, derive its series expansion in terms of proper acceleration, 4-jerk, and higher derivatives, and provide its geometric interpretation as the curvature of the worldline on the velocity hyperboloid. Examples including uniform acceleration and circular motion are provided to illustrate its physical utility. We also outline its covariant generalization to curved spacetime using parallel transport and introduce a variational formulation based on the action S_{ho}=intho~dtau, highlighting its theoretical relevance in relativistic physics and suggesting new avenues for studying accelerated trajectories in both flat and curved spacetimes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[193] ai.viXra.org:2510.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-27 20:52:39
Authors: Jason Horsepool
Comments: 24 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
I propose a new framework that is founded on defining a zero-sum universe composed of Positive Energy and a dynamic, anti-symmetric Negative Energy/Spacetime Current. The model hopes to resolve the Cosmological Constant Problem by defining observed Dark Energy as the persistent residual tension required for dynamic stability. Crucially, the framework Falsifiable predictions involve the Horsepool Repulsion Signature (an outward radial accelerationin cosmic voids), And Non-NewtonianDeviation in Cluster Cores. There is also The Antrion experiment which is a small, cheap, definitive test that can be run in a physics lab.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[192] ai.viXra.org:2510.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-27 20:54:52
Authors: Arayik Danghyan
Comments: 15 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
The "10^122 vacuum catastrophe" refers to the 122-orders-of-magnitude mismatch between the quantum-field-theoretical prediction of vacuum energy and the value inferred from cosmological observations. In the standard relativistic framework (STR) the Minkowski geometry is unbounded, producing an effectively infinite phase-space volume and thus divergent zero-point energy. STR-2 (Special Theory of Relativity-2) introduces an inverse-elliptic compactification of momentum-energy space. This finite geometry regularizes the vacuum spectrum through a curvature parameter B = ℓP^2 /R0^2 , yielding a small but finite cosmological constant Λ = 3/R0^2 and vacuum-energy density ρΛ = 3c^4 /(8πGR0^2). For R0 ≈ 1.3 × 10^26 m one obtains ρΛ ≈ 5.6 × 10^−10 J/m^3 and Λ ≈ 1.8 × 10^−52 m^−2. Thus, the 10^122 gap disappears not by fine-tuning but as a direct geometric consequence of STR-2.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[191] ai.viXra.org:2510.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-25 23:11:20
Authors: Xylo Xi
Comments: 5 Pages.
In this concluding part of the "Beyond the Horizon" trilogy, we present a refined and ghost-free formulation of the curvature-driven VSL cosmogenesis model introduced in Parts I—II. At a heuristic level, those works proposed that the Kretschmann scalar K controls the suppression c → 0 near black-hole horizons. Here we make that link explicit through a Lagrangian framework. While a direct phi*K coupling captures the essential idea, it introduces higher-derivative ghosts. To resolve this, we adopt a stable scalar—Gauss—Bonnet interaction, L = (1/16πG)R — (1/2)(∇phi)^2 — V(phi) + f(phi)G, which preserves the same horizon-peaking behavior while avoiding pathologies. In vacuum, G = K, ensuring the desired curvature response; in accreting systems, G also couples to matter via the Ricci tensor, maintaining sensitivity to infalling mass. Collapse then halts within a finite-thickness region where c → 0, the entropy density s ∝ c^3 vanishes, and geometric inversion maps the horizon to a cosmological Big Bang. The resulting "boundary engine" offers a stable Lagrangian foundation for the curvature-driven cosmogenesis picture developed across the trilogy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[190] ai.viXra.org:2510.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-24 20:51:20
Authors: Ignacio Lesta Pelayo
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
We propose that dark energy is not an independent entity but the cosmological manifestation of the dynamic expansion of the physical vacuum. Within this framework, the vacuum behaves as an active medium with self-sustaining expansive dynamics that constitute the geometric cause of the universe’s accelerated expansion. Vacuum expansion and gravity are conceived as complementary manifestations derived from a single physical principle of spacetime. Their dual interaction explains the structure and evolution of the cosmos with ontological economy, without invoking new particles or fields beyond General Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[189] ai.viXra.org:2510.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-23 14:55:55
Authors: Ivars Fabriciuss
Comments: 17 Pages.
We present an information-theoretic framework unifying inertia and cosmic acceleration through horizon thermodynamics. The stretched horizon is quantized into Planck tiles with digital capacity. Causal compaction drives the system to a fixed point with saturated fraction fu2081 = ln 2, directly predicting Ω_Λ = ln 2 ≈ 0.693 - matching Planck/DESI observations within 1%. Inertial mass emerges from Landauer-erasure costs at Unruh temperature, yielding m = m_⋆N_p with m_⋆ ≈ 6.1×10u207bu2076u2079 kg. The framework predicts cosmic mass growth M ∝ R_H, resolves the cosmological constant problem, and connects particle masses to cosmic expansion history through specific anchoring epochs. All phenomena derive from a single information-dynamic principle applied consistently across scales, providing testable predictions for cosmological surveys and laboratory experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[188] ai.viXra.org:2510.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-19 23:21:16
Authors: Bahman Masarratbakhsh
Comments: 4 Pages.
We propose the τ -Delay Field (TDF) as a gravitational theory where curvature manifests in a scalar time-delay field τ within an extended Minkowski spacetime, supplanting metric deformation in General Relativity (GR). This framework repli-cates GR’s successes in weak-field regimes while addressing cosmological tensions, including the Hubble discrepancy, galaxy rotation anomalies, and dark energy inference, without additional components. Prioritizing temporal effects aligns with observations measuring delays and shifts, such as Terrell—Penrose rotations, Shapirodelays, muon lifetimes, GPS corrections, and LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA waves. We verify mathematical consistency, derive couplings, confront tests, and provide constraints from recent data (Planck PR4, DESI, JWST, GWTC-4.0).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[187] ai.viXra.org:2510.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-18 23:07:09
Authors: Vikram Hatti
Comments: 36 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We propose a unified framework in which black hole evaporation, cosmic acceleration, galacticdark matter, and quantum time dilation all emerge from a single principle: horizons as temporalreservoirs that defer energy into the future rather than destroy it. In this view, matter andradiation projected onto horizons remain real but time-shifted, producing gravitational andelectromagnetic effects in the present.--Black holes: Hawking radiation is reinterpreted as the gradual release of deferred matter.--Cosmic horizon: Accelerated degrees of freedom naturally yield a dark-energy densityof order �� ∼����/G--Galaxies: Locally sequestered baryonic energy behaves like pressureless dust,reproducing dark-matter—like halos.--Quantum horizon: In the massless limit �� → 0 proper time vanishes, and all energy isdeferred across past and future sectors. Photons occupy this asymptote: from the externalviewpoint, their present-time fields are the projection of an oscillatory time wave thatlinks deferred past and future energy. Electromagnetism thus arises as the dynamiccounterpart to gravity’s static curvature of deferred energy.This reinterpretation preserves information, reframes gravity and electromagnetism ascomplementary geometries of temporal delay, and offers observational discriminants: distinctblack hole evaporation signatures, evolving dark-energy equations of state, halo profiles thatdeviate from ΛCDM, and laboratory-scale interference effects linked to the quantum horizon. Bytreating horizons not as one-way boundaries but as stores of deferred energy, we show that fourof modern physics’ deepest mysteries may be connected manifestations of the same underlyingmechanism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[186] ai.viXra.org:2510.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-16 16:39:21
Authors: Ivars Fabriciuss
Comments: 4 Pages.
We propose that both dark energy and inertial mass arise from information dynamics on the cosmological horizon. The stretched horizon is discretized into Planck tiles of area $4L_P^2$, each with capacity $1$ nat. Causal, capacity-limited compaction drives the system toward a digital fixed point where a fraction $f_1=ln 2$ of tiles are saturated ($1$ nat) while $f_0=1-ln 2$ are empty ($0$ nats). The saturated fraction fixes the late-time dark-energy share $Omega_{Lambda,0}=ln 2$. The empty fraction supplies vacancies that enable reversible, local updates when a particle accelerates. Mapping a particle to a tiny horizon-cap of $N_p$ tiles, a small reorientation flips only a one-tile rim. Using the Unruh temperature for an accelerated worldline~cite{Unruh1976} and Landauer's minimal energy emph{per nat}~cite{Landauer1961}, equating mechanical work to flip energy yields a universal mass-per-tile $m_star=hbarln 2/(2pi c^2),(gamma/chi)$ and the composition-blind law $m=m_star N_p$. Massless modes have $N_p=0$ and follow null geodesics; black holes form a separate regime where the relevant surface is the black-hole stretched horizon with $N_p^{m BH}propto M^2$. The framework is thermodynamically consistent, EP-friendly, and leads to quantitative scales testable by precision cosmology and inertial experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[185] ai.viXra.org:2510.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-14 20:27:58
Authors: Martin Hristov
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This paper proposes a physical model in which the phenomenon of inertial mass arises from a self-interaction effect. Specifically, it is suggested that the inertial resistance to acceleration is the work required to displace an object's own gravitational field. A heuristic derivation is presented, showing that this work is proportional to the object's gravitational potential, resulting in a quantity with the units of mass. This model provides an immediate physical explanation for the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass. This heuristic argument serves as the initial, testable consequence of a broader research program aimed at a purely geometric unification of matter and spacetime. The author is seeking collaboration with researchers possessing expertise in differential geometry and general relativity to formalize this framework.Contact: M.V.Hristov@proton.me
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[184] ai.viXra.org:2510.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-13 20:04:54
Authors: James Maguire
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper explores a perceptual interpretation of Einstein’s Special Relativity. The Luminal Coupling Hypothesis proposes that the speed of light, c, represents not a hard physical wall but a limit of mutual observability between reference frames. A dimensionless coupling factor P(v)=sqrt{|1-v^2/c^2|} is introduced, mirroring the Lorentz factor while describing how perceptual coupling diminishes as an object approaches or exceeds c. For v
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[183] ai.viXra.org:2510.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-11 22:34:12
Authors: Tejbir Singh Sandhu
Comments: 10 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references and list each reference in complete and standard reference stype such as APS style)
In various fields of science, concepts such as six degrees of separation (from social network theory), game theory (from economics and biology), the Fibonacci series (from mathematics and natural patterns), and hyperbolic geometry (from nonEuclidean spaces) appear individually or in partial combinations repeatedly. Whileencountering these terms again and again across disciplines, the author pondered combining them all to explore their application to the large-scale structure of the universe.Leveraging the power of AI to correlate these disparate ideas, this exploratory framework proposes the Hyperbolic Fibonacci Game (HFG) model as a novel framework forunderstanding cosmic web formation. The AI (Grok) assisted in correlating datasets,deriving scaling relations, and identifying consistent network motifs across cosmologicaland complex-system simulations. The model embeds strategic game-theoretic interactions in a hyperbolic space, governed by Fibonacci-driven growth, yielding a networkwith small-world properties akin to six degrees of separation. A simplified simulationillustrates emergent filaments, clusters, and voids, with geometric features such as lowdegree junctions (tending toward ∼3 branches) and efficient connectivity (diameter ∼6in components). These are qualitatively compared to established cosmological simulations (e.g., IllustrisTNG and EAGLE) and real telescope data (e.g., from Euclid andJWST). Rather than supplanting existing simulations, this hypothesis aims to inspiresynergistic tweaks, highlighting how interdisciplinary mathematics might complementstandard ΛCDM cosmology in interpreting observational efficiencies like short-pathconnectivity and hierarchical merging. Potential predictions, such as Fibonacci-scaledfilament lengths and trivalent-like junctions, are offered for collaborative testing.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[182] ai.viXra.org:2510.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-08 18:15:02
Authors: Mohit Singhal
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This paper presents a novel diagnostic model designed to explore the origin of the Big Bang by evaluating whether it was driven by internal dynamics or influenced by external forces. The framework introduces two primary indices—Causal Index Prime (CIu2032) and Causal Disconnection Index (CDI)—that collectively assess internal energy, pressure, and the degree of causal connectivity. Applications to astrophysical systems, including Earth and black holes, reveal how these indices can characterize physical regimes and inform cosmological interpretations. The model is then discussed in the context of early universe uniformity and singularity, including its implications for the existence of external modulation. Case study results and visualizations are provided, and future work directions are outlined.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[181] ai.viXra.org:2510.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-07 18:03:50
Authors: N. J. Kettlewell
Comments: 8 Pages.
A single quadratic functional, previously shown to reproduce Newton’s law in the Solar System and flat galactic rotation curves, is extended to describe the formation and structure of galaxies, satellites, and clusters. By minimising a coherence cost functional under global constraints of total mass and angular momentum, galaxies emerge as stationary minima of the same variational principle that governs local dynamics.Exponential discs, finite outer truncations, planar satellite systems, and cluster-scale envelopes arise naturally without dark matter halos. Diversity across galaxies follows from different constraint sets, while satellite alignments and cluster sizes reflect thesame finite coherence length. Predictions are falsifiable: sharp rotation-curve cut-offs, baryonic Tully—Fisher slopes, satellite planes, and lensing shear profiles are all fixed by one universal coherence length.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[180] ai.viXra.org:2510.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-06 20:01:35
Authors: Bernard Lavenda
Comments: 45 Pages.
This paper presents a geometric foundation for gravitational radiation theory that challenges the conventional framework of general relativity (GR) by rejecting Ricci suppression—-the imposition of (G_{muu}=8pi T_{muu})--which erases critical curvature terms and obscures the local dynamics of radiation. We introduce Ricci Unsuppressed Gravity (RUNG), a variational approach that retains the full Riemann tensor and derives gravitational radiation from the evolution of sectional curvatures in orthogonal 2-planes. A gravitational Maxwell tensor (mathfrak{F}^{muu}) is constructed from these curvatures, yielding a conserved current (J^{mu}=abla_{u}mathfrak{F}^{muu}) that enables local detection of energy flux at finite distances, without reliance on asymptotic constructs such as null infinity ((mathscr{I}^{+})).We resolve long-standing issues including Vaidya’s static limit, the non-radiative nature of Ricci-suppressed metrics, and the artificial dichotomy between matter and radiation energy. The framework naturally incorporates monopole, dipole, and quadrupole radiation modes, and predicts a distinct phasing and energy flux scaling ((J^rproptoomega^{13/3}) adiabatically, (J^rproptoomega^7)at merger) that differs from the quadrupole formula. Results are validated against LIGO observations, demonstrating strong correlation between geometrically derived fluxes and inferred energy loss. This work unifies radiation physics within a covariant, local geometric description, offering a self-consistent alternative to phenomenological templates and asymptotic methods.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[179] ai.viXra.org:2510.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-02 12:14:21
Authors: Paul Caracristi
Comments: 4 Pages.
Recent reconstructions of galaxy motion and matter distribution in the observable universe have revealed the presence of two dominant large-scale anomalies: the Great Attractor and the Great Repeller (Tully et al., 2014; Hoffman et al., 2017). Traditionally interpreted through the lens of general relativity and gravitational potentials (Einstein, 1916; Misner, Thorne, & Wheeler, 1973), these phenomena can be recontextualized within a cavitational cosmological model. This model introduces gravity and levity as expressions of positive and negative spacetime curvature, respectively (Caracristi, 2021a; Caracristi, 2024a). In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of how these curvature polarities influence the large-scale dynamics of cosmic structure, treating the universe as a cavitated domain embedded in a curvature gradient field. We interpret the Great Attractor as a region of high positive curvature and the Great Repeller as a region of high negative curvature, and propose that their influence on matter flows results from intrinsic curvature gradients, not simply mass distribution. This perspective yields new insights into the interplay between structure formation and the underlying spacetime topology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[178] ai.viXra.org:2510.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-02 20:14:55
Authors: N. J. Kettlewell
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: The correct citation of previous work is: ai.viXra.org: 2509.0058; please cite listed scientific references)
We present the Solar-System predictions of Phase-Biased Geometry (PBG). From a quadratic action with three constants (α,β,γ), we derive the invariants c, ℏ, and the coherence length ℓ⋆. Using canonical Hamiltonian methods, we obtain the rest-energy relation E= mc2 as an identity. The coherence kernel reduces to 1/r on Solar-System scales. With a single source normalisation, PBG reproduces Mercury’s perihelion precession, solar light bending, Shapiro delay, and gravitational redshift. These results arise from coherence gradients; spacetime curvature appears only as an effective description.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[177] ai.viXra.org:2509.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-30 02:18:07
Authors: Bataan E Sheep
Comments: 2 Pages.
We propose a cosmological hypothesis where black holes serve as wormhole-like portals connecting our universe to others in a multiverse. Gravitational leakage through these conduits creates an effective repulsive pressure, manifesting as dark energy. We derive a Yukawa-type kernel for gravitational leakage, incorporate it into the Friedmann equation, and simulate its anisotropic effects. The model predicts a dipole-like perturbation in the Hubble flow, consistent with Pantheon+ and Planck isotropy bounds. Our framework offers concrete, falsifiable predictions that can be tested using cross-correlations of black hole tracers with supernovae, weak lensing, and CMB data.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[176] ai.viXra.org:2509.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-25 20:20:27
Authors: John Holmes
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This paper presents a novel framework for modeling galactic rotation curves without invoking dark matter. By substituting relativistic mass for rest mass in Newton’s gravitational law and redefining radial distance as a time-dilated metric (ct), the model accounts for observed stellar velocities using baryonic matter alone. A numerical simulation of the Milky Way demonstrates close alignment with empirical data, suggesting that relativistic effects—particularly gravitational time dilation and photon frequency shifts—can explain discrepancies traditionally attributed to dark matter. The manuscript offers a reinterpretation of gravitational dynamics that is both mathematically rigorous and observationally grounded. It also challenges the conventional concept of black holes, proposing that extreme time dilation, rather than event horizons, governs the behavior of ultra-dense galactic cores.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[175] ai.viXra.org:2509.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-23 20:33:08
Authors: Paul J Caracristi
Comments: 4 Pages.
This essay is a reflection on the unfolding nature of the universe, life, and consciousness. It considers the interplay of the Latent and Patent realms, the spectral quality of time, and the presence of a Will to Be that seems woven into all existence. While science gives us extraordinary clarity within the measurable world, it cannot yet reach into the deeper currents of emergence, transformation, or meaning. What follows is less an argument than a meditation, an attempt to see the universe not as a finished product, but as a process, alive, evolving, and continually becoming.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[174] ai.viXra.org:2509.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-23 16:58:35
Authors: Paul J. Caracristi
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: For the last time, please cite listed scientific references)
This essay explores the ontological genesis and dissolution of the manifest universe, "the Patent realm", as an emergence from, and eventual return to, the undifferentiated "Latent realm" of pure potential. Rejecting a purely physicalist account, it proposes that time itself is not a container for events but the first event, the condition by which existence can unfold. The Patent realm originates at the threshold of a white hole, where instantaneous, massless photons first appear, and gains structure as time "deflates," allowing light to endure as matter. Entropy, complexity, and form arise as temporal resistance increases, culminating in a black hole horizon where time approaches stillness and mass dissolves back into potential. This process is not cyclical repetition but a unique act of becoming and un-becoming, grounded in the infinite capacity of the Latent to generate new realms with their own temporal and structural character. The work reframes cosmogenesis as an ontological event rather than a spatial-temporal expansion, inviting a reconsideration of reality as a phase within a deeper, timeless continuum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[173] ai.viXra.org:2509.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-22 13:46:15
Authors: Ivars Fabriciuss
Comments: 2 Pages.
We model space as R3 coupled to an evanescent adjoint sector I3 across Planck-area "Planckpatches" on a common interface Σ. By the Bekenstein—Hawking area law each patch has capacity 1 nat, and we postulate a per-patch area Apatch = 4LP^2. A local, capacity-limited exchange along Σ conserves the total (normalized) ledger load and equilibrates to an absorbing state where the saturated fraction equals the initial per-patch load, fsat = x. Identifying this homogeneous ledger with vacuum energy gives ΩΛ = fsat. With the one-bit initial condition (x = ln 2), the mechanism yields ΩΛ = ln 2, consistent with Planck 2015 (0.692 ± 0.012) and within ∼ 1.2% of Planck 2018 (0.685 ± 0.007). After equilibration the model predicts dfsat/d ln a = 0 and w = −1. We state assumptions explicitly and emphasize falsifiability; on-shell R3 physics remains unchanged while I3 supports only evanescent modes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[172] ai.viXra.org:2509.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-22 16:55:57
Authors: Paul J. Caracristi
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This work explores the idea that the fundamental laws of nature, gravity, electromagnetism, quantum behaviour, and conservation principles, are not eternal decrees inscribed before the universe but emergent outcomes of existence itself. Rather than fixed scaffolding, these laws are the survivors of a process akin to natural selection: principles that endure because they permit coherence, persistence, and unfolding, while countless unstable alternatives vanish without a trace.Central to this framework is the concept of the Will to Be, an intrinsic impulse of reality toward persistence and expression. Laws, under this view, are not immutable truths but the accumulated habits of being, shaped by this underlying drive. Time emerges not merely as a background parameter but as the first enabling principle, the canvas upon which persistence and novelty unfold. Entropy, similarly, is reinterpreted as the clearing away of unstable configurations, making space for new emergent possibilities. This perspective resonates with Wheeler’s "law without law" and Smolin’s idea of cosmic natural selection, but extends them by positing the Will to Be as the generative principle that explains why laws exist at all. Cosmology, then, becomes less a search for timeless equations and more a study of a living, evolving system, a universe perpetually selecting what endures.In this emergent cosmos, meaning itself is possible because novelty is real. Humanity is not an observer of a predetermined script but a participant in an unfinished becoming. Our creativity, reflection, and imagination are continuations of the same impulse that shaped the cosmos, making our existence not incidental but integral to the story of reality’s unfolding.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[171] ai.viXra.org:2509.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-20 20:31:31
Authors: N. J. Kettlewell
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
A standard quadratic functional, familiar from Helmholtz screening, Ginzburg—Landautheory, and scalar field actions, is applied without modification to macroscopic motion. Itsextremisation yields a Yukawa kernel that reproduces Newton’s inverse-square law in thenear field, produces flat galactic rotation curves in an intermediate regime, and predicts afinite-range cut-off at large radii. With a single, universal coherence length ℓ = 1/k in thegalactic band, Solar-System deviations are suppressed to O((kr)2) and therefore negligible.The framework is falsifiable: if accelerations do not fall exponentially on galactic scales, itfails.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[170] ai.viXra.org:2509.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-19 12:16:43
Authors: Woodrow Scott Beckford
Comments: 19 Pages.
The cosmological constant problem (CCP) presents a severe mismatch between quantum field theory’sprediction of vacuum energy and the observed dark-energy density. We propose a solution based on a causalcoherence cutoff: only fluctuations within a light-speed—limited sphere contribute to the vacuum energy. Thisprinciple yields a universal r−4 scaling, consistent with quantum predictions at small scales and with cosmicacceleration at mesoscopic lengths. Remarkably, derivations from multiple perspectives converge on a coherencescale of order 75 μm, suggesting a genuine physical feature of the vacuum rather than an artifact of calculation.The framework offers a path to resolving the CCP while suggesting testable predictions at the boundary betweenquantum and cosmological regimes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[169] ai.viXra.org:2509.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-13 21:50:33
Authors: Matthew Warren Payne
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
l present a mathematically consistent extension of General Relativity that incorporates thermodynamic entropy currents as weak additional gravitational sources. Building systematically on Jacobson’s thermodynamic derivation of Einstein’s equations, I extend the framework to non-equilibrium situations where entropy varies in spacetime, naturally leading to a conserved entropy four-current **J**^μ = ∂^μS. Through detailed calculations in both AdS/CFT holographic duality and loop quantum gravity spin networks, we demonstrate that such entropy currents emerge independently from quantum gravitational effects. While the predicted modifications to gravitational dynamics are extremely small in current observational regimes—typically suppressed by factors of 10^-20 to 10^-50—the theoretical framework provides a foundation for potential future high-precision tests and establishes the mathematical consistency of thermodynamic approaches to quantum gravity. I present comprehensive error analysis and identify the most promising signatures for eventual observation in quantum gravity regimes or early universe cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[168] ai.viXra.org:2509.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-10 21:29:58
Authors: Karl Archinal
Comments: 9 Pages.
Foundational issues in modern cosmology, including the nature of dark energy and the existence of gravitational singularities, suggest the need for a new theoretical framework. This paper introduces Equilibration cosmology, a cosmological framework based on two core postulates: the universe is a closed system whose dynamics are governed by a fundamental disequilibrium between matter and antimatter, and a fourth spatial dimension with inversive geometric properties mediates this duality. The model’s cosmogenesis posits an initial event that established this fundamental matter-antimatter asymmetry. The subsequent evolution of the cosmos is attributed to a repulsive antigravity force, an emergent property of the system’s drive toward equilibrium, which accounts for cosmic expansion without a dark energy component. The attractive force of gravity is described as a secondary effect of this primary repulsion. Within this framework, particle properties such as mass are posited to be direct correlates of a particle’s specific state of disequilibrium. This principle allows for a reinterpretation of the strong and weak nuclear forces as phenomena emergent from the geometry of the proposed 4th dimension. Quantum entanglement is consequently interpreted as a result of non-local connections through this higher-dimensional substrate. The model thus offers a conceptually unified and self-consistent framework. This paper presents the full qualitative model and identifies key testable predictions to motivate the development of a corresponding mathematical formalism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[167] ai.viXra.org:2509.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-10 01:29:56
Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 7 Pages.
We propose that gravity, as it appears in Einstein’s general relativity, is not entirely intrinsic to a single space-time manifold but instead the emergent trace of an extrinsic coupling between two CPT-symmetric manifolds. This extrinsic gravitation acts as a homeostat: a recursive balancing agent across mirrored ontologies. Building on Hegel’s conception of sublation, Koestler’s holonic hierarchies, and von Baer’s formative centripetal force, we reinterpret the Einstein-Hilbert action as a boundary-effective theory of a deeper two-manifold interaction. Roy Frieden’s information-theoretic amplitude functions already hint at such duality, where variational principles generate coupled solutions. We propose that the CPT dual structure provides the additional degrees of freedom necessary for a coupling Lagrangian, one that employs "ghost" contributions such as mirrored Ricci scalars or logarithmic determinants of paired metrics. The result is a proof of concept: the hunt for an extrinsic gravity theory is not only feasible but natural, providing a unified framework that explains the appearance of intrinsic general relativity, accommodates quantum nonlocality, and sustains homeostatic balance at both cosmic and quantum scales.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[166] ai.viXra.org:2509.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-10 16:53:37
Authors: Maxim Govorushkin
Comments: 73 Pages. 10.5281/zenodo.17084205 (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references!)
The paper introduces and develops the Theory of Curved Space (TCS) — an ontology where space has four equal coordinates, time t is an absolute parameter of evolution, and the physics of the observable world arises as a projection of 4D dynamics onto a 3D slice. The key axiom of TCS is the conservation of 4D volume (global SL(4,ℝ) symmetry). From it, according to Noether's theorem, follow four fundamental conserved currents: charge, energy, axial (momentum), and homothetic (scale). The central result is the plateau law: in stable geometries (disk, sphere), the corresponding flow integrals become constants, defining asymptotic kinematics from an atom to a galaxy without involving dark matter.The plateau law is formulated in operational form on a 3D slice with measure J3=detu2009Q3 and matching anisotropy Aij:- Sphere (radial transport, isotropy): Ks=R^2u2009J3u2009ρ(R)u2009u∗(R)=const, which with a slow change in J3 restores the Newtonian decay v(R)∝R^−1/2 in the outer regions.- Thin disk (transport in the plane): Ka=Ru2009J3u2009ARRu2009Σ(R)u2009uR(R)=const, and with quasi-constant J3u2009ARR and u∗ gives a flat rotation curve v(R)=const (Mestela's law) — without dark matter.- In sparse halos, the invariant R^2ρ=const implies M(R)∝R and the acceleration threshold a0≈10^−10u2009m/s^2, related in the IPT to the global rotation around the fourth axis.At the level of particles and fields, the IPT gives a single kinematic shell: scalar potentials enter multiplicatively into the rest energy "mask" ��(x,t)=√∏i(1−2Φi/c^2), and all gauge interactions enter through the minimal coupling in the momentum. Quantization of the universal energy-momentum coupling leads to the generalized Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations; the nonrelativistic limit gives the Pauli equation. In electromagnetism, the magnetic field has a projection (kinematic) nature B=(1/c^2)u2009v×E; in non-Abelian fields (weak/strong), the "magnetic" components are dynamic and are not reduced to a projection due to self-action.The gravitational sector is formalized through an effective 3D action that reproduces the Newtonian normalization ΔΦ=4πGρ in a weak field and allows solving applied problems: rotation curves, lensing, black holes (shadow, photosphere, ISCO, Shapiro delay). It is shown that classical observables coincide with standard results, while TIP predicts phase effects (monodromies, echo signals during ringing), available for verification by gravitational-wave and polarimetric measurements.The method is tested on real data without any on-site adjustments: rotation curves and photometry of the SPARC catalog (e.g. NGC 3198, NGC 2403, UGC 2885), dwarf spheroids Draco and Sculptor, ultra-diffuse NGC 1052-DF2 (a consistent invariant in the spherical zone), as well as lensing systems of different scales (SDSS J2141, ESO 325-G004, Abell 1689) — the calculation of deflection angles is performed from Φ_TCS(r) at fixed inputs (MGE, M/L, fgas, angular distances), agreeing with observations within statistical errors. The cosmological section formulates background equations and diagnoses compatibility with the position of the first acoustic peak of the CMB without introducing dark matter as a component.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[165] ai.viXra.org:2509.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-05 17:27:29
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 7 Pages.
Thermodynamic ideas in gravitating systems—linking geometry, horizon area/entropy, and the negative heat capacity of self-gravitating matter—are increasingly used to reason about black-hole physics and late-time dynamics. Motivated by this perspective, this study develops a conservative, fully classical treatment of late-time spherical collapse that relies only on standard GR tools while admitting a clear thermodynamic reading. A timelike thin shell joins a regular constant-curvature (de Sitter) interior to a Schwarzschild or Schwarzschild–de Sitter (SdS) exterior. After a brief formation stage, a post-transient zero-inflow regime is analyzed in which the exterior mass parameter (the ADM mass for Λ+=0) is time-independent. Casting the Israel junction condition into an effective potential, the analysis yields: (i) a closed-form sufficient threshold for outward shell evolution that balances the interior de Sitter scale against exterior attraction; (ii) bounded scalar curvature invariants throughout the spacetime region covered by the construction; and (iii) a simple, falsifiable, mass-scaled redshift bound for near-shell quasi-trapped modes. No thermodynamic postulates enter the derivations; nonetheless, the late-time kinematics are consistent with standard coarse-graining intuitions (e.g., area scaling) and with the negative heat capacity of self-gravitating systems. Within the classical domain considered here, the premises that typically drive singularity formation and information-loss narratives are not realized, providing a classically consistent scenario for late-time collapse.
::contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}[164] ai.viXra.org:2508.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-23 19:43:17
Authors: Dobri Bozhilov
Comments: 7 Pages.
This article examines the possibility that black holes - the most mysterious phenomenon in the Universe, are not just "black", but represent a "switching gravitational regulator". The concept is based on and further develops the basic ideas of the "General Theory of Temporality". If the "black hole" is not only black (universal absorption), periodically changes its status and becomes a "white hole" (i.e. returns matter, energy and space), then it becomes a tool that manages the stability of space and makes unnecessary overly abstract and unprovable hypotheses such as multidimensional spaces, parallel universes, dark matter and energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[163] ai.viXra.org:2508.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-22 17:03:19
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: For the last time, please cite listed references!)
This study provide a purely classical, thermodynamic/entropic interpretation of gravitational collapse in which a thin, high-entropy shell (entropic barrier) forms before curvature invariants blow up. The shell is modeled as a timelike thin layer separating an effective de~Sitter interior from a Schwarzschild exterior. If, after a short transient, no further rest mass crosses inward, the exterior mass parameter M (hence the Schwarzschild radius R_S=2M) remains constant, while the entropic boundary can expand under interior negative pressure. In this setting no geometric singularity forms and no classical information paradox arises. We stay within GR and standard black-hole thermodynamics and avoid holography or quantum-gravity assumptions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[162] ai.viXra.org:2508.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-21 19:46:02
Authors: Tan Jun Hao
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This note explores a simple way to combine the idea of cosmic time with special relativity. A universal cosmic time is assumed to tick uniformly across the universe. Local time for each observer is then related to the cosmic time through the standard time dilation factor. This gives us a consistent framework where both absolute and relative aspects of time coexist.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[161] ai.viXra.org:2508.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-20 21:04:29
Authors: Hamid Javanbakht
Comments: 18 Pages.
The Universe’s Feedback Loop. We propose that certain gravitational configurations self-excite: their interior dynamics are fixed by boundary rules so that the on-shell "cost" moves to topological charges at the edge. In plain language, gravity, useful instabilities (instantons, sphalerons, merons), and a canonical way to "host" distances from data (tight spans / injective hulls) form a feedback loop that can leave global, testable watermarks in the sky rather than new local particles.Law Without Initial Conditions? We formalize a fixed-point consistency principle in teleparallel gravity via the constitutive relation Ta = ±Ha, prove stationarity-by-identity and boundary-dominated actions (Nieh—Yan), construct sphaleron/meron sectors, and develop a pregeometry→metric pipeline (uniformities, injective hulls, semi-tropical calculus). We describe cosmology mechanisms for early-time shifts in the sound horizon rs (impacting H0) and late-time growth suppression (impacting S8), with falsifiers tied to BBN, Neff, BAO/SN, CMB polarization, SGWB, and lensing.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[160] ai.viXra.org:2508.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-17 03:05:56
Authors: Adam Snyder
Comments: 13 Pages.
We recast GR in lapse-first variables and derive two clock-native observables: (i) a sign-definite flux→redshift-drift template, and (ii) a general visibility kernel that bounds the two-point correlator of lapse fluctuations. We introduce no extra propagating degrees of freedom and make no timeline claims. We provide analysis-ready estimators, null tests, and sensitivity bounds: laboratory runs serve as pipeline validations with synthetic injections; astrophysical campaigns (e.g., Galactic SN triggers) enable pre-registered template searches. The paper is self-contained: Appendix app:vaidya derives the flux law from EF/Vaidya, and Appendix app:dof lists the ADM degree-of-freedom ledger (two TT modes).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[159] ai.viXra.org:2508.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-17 05:09:23
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil, Dnyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 30 Pages.
This work investigates the formation of closed timelike curves (CTCs) in the Kerr spacetimethrough the process of gravitational collapse, and examines the implications for Hawking’sChronology Protection Conjecture (CPC). While the Kerr solution admits CTCs withinits interior ring singularity, their physical realization remains uncertain due to quantum andsemiclassical backreaction effects.We explore the divergence of the renormalized stress-energytensor ⟨Tμν⟩ near CTC regions using techniques from semiclassical gravity, suggesting thatsuch divergences might act as natural regulators against the formation of causality-violatingregions. The stability of astrophysical pulsars, which reside near the critical mass thresholdfor black hole formation, is considered as indirect evidence in favor of CPC, particularly inlight of their precise multipole structures. Complementing analytical methods, we outlinedirections for numerical simulations and quantum-corrected collapse scenarios that bypassclassical singularities. These models include effective loop quantum gravity treatments,Ori-type cores, and anisotropic matter collapse, all aiming to construct physically realisticinteriors that exclude CTCs. Our investigation supports the notion that the laws of natureresist the formation of globally pathological spacetimes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[158] ai.viXra.org:2508.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-15 21:22:44
Authors: Adam Snyder
Comments: 9 Pages.
We show that the time-first formulation of gravity—in which a single temporal potential Φ controls both the lapse and cosmological scale factor via a = e−Φ—provides a complete framework for cosmology from initial conditions through observational signatures. We establish: (i) exact FRW background equivalence; (ii) temporal vacuum decay as a natural Big Bang mechanism via tunneling from large +Φ; (iii) complete higher-order statistics for the concrete potential V(Φ) = Λ0 + (1/2) m2Φ2 + (g/3!)Φ3 + (λ/4!)Φ4, yielding closed-form bispectrum and trispectrum shapes with explicit fNL ∝ g/H2, τNL ∝ (g/H2)2, and gNL ∝ λ/H2 scaling; and (iv) laboratory probes via clock network cumulants creating a self-consistency triangle between (g, λ) and cosmological observables. The super-horizon curvature mapping ζ = −δΦ directly connects observations to the temporal potential, while τNL ≈ (36/25) fNL2 provides a smoking-gun test of single-source quantum time. Using background data (Type Ia supernovae, BOSS DR12 BAO, CMB distance prior), we demonstrate statistical equivalence to ΛCDM and present first constraints on the time-first parameters. The framework unifies primordial origins, cosmic evolution, and terrestrial experiments through a single scalar degree of freedom while preserving General Relativity’s two tensor polarizations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[157] ai.viXra.org:2508.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-16 19:03:19
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 7 Pages.
We describe the vacuum as a thermodynamic state analogous to a cosmological eventhorizon (EH), acting as a dynamic interface between space-like (temperature-dominated,AdS-like) and light-like (energy-dominated, dS-like) sectors. In this picture, the EH separatesthermal energy flow from information-preserving modes, allowing outward radiation whileretaining the underlying quantum information. This resolves the apparent contradictionbetween Hawking radiation and unitarity: thermal quanta escape, but their informationalcounterparts remain encoded in the vacuum geometry. A new quantum number T classifiesmodes according to their thermodynamic character, providing a natural criterion for separating past- and future-directed information channels. The model incorporates establishedresults from quantum field theory in curved spacetime, including the Unruh and Gibbons—Hawking relations, and connects the Hubble parameter H(t) to the EH temperature TEH(t)via a coupling constant γ = 42π, derived from horizon regularity. Quantitative considerationsshow consistency with ΛCDM parameters and CMB observations, while offering a frameworkin which microscopic thermodynamics and macroscopic spacetime geometry are inseparablylinked. This approach supports a globally information-preserving Universe, regardless ofwhether it expands indefinitely or recollapses into a final compact state.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[156] ai.viXra.org:2508.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-16 14:33:13
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 6 Pages.
We propose a thermodynamic route to the inverse-square law ofgravitation, starting from vacuum fluctuations in a spherical cavitywith Robin boundary conditions. By applying zeta-regularization tothe Casimir energy and an entropy extremization principle, we showthat the condition δ = π/2 yields a stable 1/r2 law. The gravitationalconstant G emerges as a composite scale from the vacuum subtrac-tion. The event horizon (EH) is identified as a dual construct, botha vanishing-ghost mode condition (ughost = 0) and a marginally outertrapped surface (θ = 0). This motivates a thermodynamic model ofGrey Holes (GHs), stabilized by negative heat capacity CV < 0 andjunction conditions. Phenomenological corrections to Newton’s lawat short distances (1/r3 terms) are testable at sub-millimeter scales.Our framework unifies Casimir thermodynamics, emergent gravity,and horizon thermodynamics into a single consistent picture.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[155] ai.viXra.org:2508.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:52:45
Authors: A. G. Schubert
Comments: 15 Pages.
We describe the vacuum as a thermodynamic state analogous to a cosmological event horizon (EH), acting as an interface between space-like and light-like sectors. A newly introduced quantum number T distinguishes between temperature-dominated (AdS-like) and energy-dominated (dS-like) modes, providing a physical criterion for separating past- and future-directed information channels. In this picture, the EH represents a boundary where information is coherently preserved through constructive and destructive interference of Feynman-like paths, with the vacuum functioning as a storage medium for both. The framework incorporates established results from quantum field theory in curved spacetime, including the Unruh and Gibbons—Hawking relations, and yields a self-consistent dynamical link between the expansion rate H(t) and the EH temperature TEH(t) via a coupling γ = 2π.Quantitative analysis shows consistency with current ΛCDM parameters and CMB observations, while offering a new interpretative tool for connecting horizon thermodynamics with large-scale cosmic evolution. Massive particles emerge as bound excitations of this vacuum state, continuously updated by "ghost modes" of a Bose—Einstein—like condensate in the AdS sector. This unifies microscopic thermodynamics and macroscopic geometry in a framework that may be testable through horizon-scale phenomena.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[154] ai.viXra.org:2508.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:48:11
Authors: Ladislav Černý
Comments: 35 Pages. In Czech and English
This study introduces the Neuroquant Theory, a unified and falsifiable physical model designed to address fundamental questions of consciousness, reality, and existence. The theory postulates the existence of a fundamental entity, the neuroquant, which emerged during the Big Bang as a primordial carrier of both energy and information. Neuroquants form a pervasive field that interacts with biological structures, particularly neuronal microtubules and water molecules in the brain. Within this model, consciousness in a biological system is defined as a coherent, low-entropy neuroquant cluster—a non-topological soliton (Q-ball)—whose stability is maintained by metabolic processes and the brain’s specific biochemical environment. The theory formally extends Einstein’s field equations of general relativity with a derived stress-energy tensor for the neuroquant field, providing a mathematical mechanism for the interaction between consciousness and spacetime.This framework offers explanations for a range of anomalous phenomena, including terminal lucidity—described as a "Terminal Bang"event, or soliton decay—as well as the binding problem, phantom limb syndrome, and savant syndrome. Concrete, multi-scale, and verifiable experimental pathways are proposed, encompassing searches for specific signatures in LHC data, cosmological observations (CMB, LSS), andAI-driven analysis of neurophysiological data. The Neuroquant Theory thus presents a synthetic and mathematically consistent model with profound implications for neurology, cosmology, philosophy, and artificial intelligence.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[153] ai.viXra.org:2508.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:44:13
Authors: Jared Kimble
Comments: 44 Pages.
The Unified Spacetime Elastic Modulation Principle (USEMP) describes spacetime as a nonlinear elastic continuum whose effective moduli soften dynamically with strain. This framework provides a natural mechanism for resolving physical divergences and supports the emergence of stable, finite-energy solitons as particle-like structures [8]. In this paper, we demonstrate that the fundamental field dynamics of this continuum, governed by a single displacement field , give rise to both Newtonian gravity and the full structure of Maxwell’s equations.The longitudinal modes of generate a scalar pressure potential Pg(r) whose static solution recovers the Newtonian gravitational potential:(r)=−GMrThe corresponding emergent metric reproduces the standard gravitational redshift.We further show that the transverse, divergence-free sector of gives rise to the full structure of Maxwell’s equations, with the identifications:E=−Tt B=TThe speed of light is derived as:c2=sThe electromagnetic constants ��u2080 and μu2080 are identified with the underlying elastic properties of the continuum:0=s4,0=4The theory thereby explains gravity and electromagnetism as unified manifestations of the underlying continuum dynamics. A universal dimensionless constant governing elastic saturation is rigorously established as:=25This establishes the UST framework as a physically complete and quantitatively predictive theory for the origin of classical forces.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[152] ai.viXra.org:2508.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:40:10
Authors: L. Rimsha, V. Rimsha
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We propose an experiment based on GPS satellite clocks to probe the validity of the Equivalence Principle . We focus on the apparent absence of a classical first order Doppler effect due to the geocentric systems acceleration in the solar gravitational field. This missing effect is potentially compensated by a gravitational redshift arising from a uniform external potential. This compensation parallels that of the Pound Rebka experiment, suggesting that the observed null result may not reflect coordinate cancellation, but a physical effect. We argue that if the Doppler contribution should exist objectively in both GCRS and BCRS, then its absence in observation implies a real gravitational influence of the solar potential on local time, in contradiction with a strong form of the Equivalence Principle.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[151] ai.viXra.org:2508.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 18:05:48
Authors: Adam Snyder
Comments: 25 Pages.
We reformulate gravity as the geometry of time: a single scalar field Φ controls the lapse N = eΦ, while the spatial geometry (γij) follows from the ADM constraints and evolution equations with shift ω. Starting from the Einstein—Hilbert action we reconstruct gμν from (Φ, ω, γij) and derive the full constraint/evolution system, establishing classical equivalence with general relativity (GR). In the static, spherically symmetric sector a single ODE,
∂rΦ = (1 − e2Φ)/(2 r e2Φ),
integrates to Schwarzschild (Schwarzschild 1916) and reproduces all standard tests. Horizons are coordinate artifacts of the diagonal foliation and are regular in Painlevé—Gullstrand (Painlevé 1921; Gullstrand 1922) and Eddington—Finkelstein coordinates (Finkelstein 1958). Rotation resides in the shift: solving the momentum constraint outside a compact source yields gtφ and the Lense—Thirring rate (Lense & Thirring 1918) with the Kerr normalization (Kerr 1963). In spherical dynamics, ∂tΦ is sourced by radial energy flux, reproducing the Vaidya/Bondi mass law (Vaidya 1951). Linearized vacuum contains only the two transverse—traceless tensor modes, propagating at c with the standard GR energy flux. Cosmology maps via dτ = eΦ dt and a = e−Φ, exactly reproducing the Friedmann equations (Friedmann 1922; Friedmann 1924) including k and Λ. Quantization is posed as a constrained QFT: Φ and ω enforce the Hamiltonian/momentum constraints (instantaneous/Coulomb-like), while the propagating quanta are the TT tensors with the same low-energy EFT status as GR. We make no claims here about improved renormalizability or additional polarizations; such extensions are deferred to Part II. This reformulation provides computational advantages in spherical scenarios, clearer physical intuition with time as the primary geometric variable, and a more direct path to canonical quantization of the physical (TT) sector.
[150] ai.viXra.org:2508.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-12 21:10:55
Authors: Adrijan Josic
Comments: 12 Pages.
We present a minimal constructive model in which special- and weak-field general-relativistic phenomena emerge inside a universe whose fundamental dynamics are absolute: fixed Euclidean space, universal time, and massless constituents moving at a single speed (c). Interactions bend only directions (not speeds). Stable circulating bound states ("loops") behave as massive particles for internal observers, furnishing clocks and rulers whose kinematics enforce Lorentz invariance. A suitable bending law reproduces light deflection and gravitational redshift in an effective curved spacetime (optical metric), while the simulator maintains a force-based description. The construction serves as a proof of concept that relativistic phenomenology need not imply spacetime geometry is ontologically fundamental, thus breaking the barrier between gravity and quantum mechanics.u2003
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[149] ai.viXra.org:2508.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-13 17:02:22
Authors: Rik Gielen
Comments: 22 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: The list of scientific references is NOT in standard format, e.g., AIP citation style)
As we all know, the universe originated 13.8 billion years ago from a single point in nothingness through a massive burst of energy known today as the big bang. The extremely dense and hot point began to expand and cool down, causing some of the energy to concentrate into particles. According to modern physical theories, this should have created an equal number of matter particles, each with a sort of twin with opposite electric charge: antimatter.In the second after their formation, matter and antimatter particles should have annihilated each other, leaving behind an empty, radiation-filled space with no matter, no gases, no galaxies, and no planets. The problem is that we live in a universe full of matter and very little antimatter. So the question is: what happened to the other half of the universe, the antimatter particles? The disappearance of antimatter is one of the biggest mysteries and most open questions in physics. In this article we will show in detail that it is highly unlikely that baryogenesis is a valid explanation for the asymmetry between matter and antimatter. After that we will attempt to propose a solution that preserved symmetry in the universe. The result: an anti-universe in its own three spatial dimensions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[148] ai.viXra.org:2508.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-13 14:07:05
Authors: Michael D Lynes
Comments: 6 Pages.
This paper introduces the NOW Hypothesis, a speculative theoretical frameworkthat integrates principles from information theory, quantum mechanics, relativity,and cosmology to describe the indestructibility, growth, and creation ofinformation in the universe. Central to the hypothesis is the concept of "NOW"as a perpetual, non-time-bound boundary where quantum superpositions of futurestates coalesce into immutable past realities through decoherence, thereby "creating"new classical information. The past is recoverable in principle, the future existsas an infinite, timeless superposition, and information grows monotonically withthe universe’s expansion. Refinements address quantum uncertainty, the universalityof decoherence across sectors (including dark energy and dark matter), andthe timeless nature of "NOW." Mathematical formalizations draw from quantuminformation theory and canonical quantum gravity, with derivational steps providedfrom first principles or established formulations. Implications span physics(e.g., resolutions to entropy paradoxes), philosophy (e.g., eternalism with dynamicemergence), and technology (e.g., quantum computing paradigms). While speculative,the hypothesis offers testable predictions via decoherence experiments andcosmological observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[147] ai.viXra.org:2508.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-08 23:49:49
Authors: Matthew Foutch
Comments: 8 Pages.
Pressure Based Theory (PBT) proposes a mechanical unification of fundamental forces through particle fluxes in an infinite pressure vessel, extending historical push gravity models like Le Sage’s theory. This paper formalizes PBT’s key testable hypotheses: negligible gravitational drag (< 10−19 m/s2) and avoidance of singularities in black hole collapse. These predictions differ from general relativity (GR), which allows singularities, and quantum field theory (QFT), which incorporates probabilistic interactions without mechanical pushes. We detail experimental setups for falsification, including precision interferometry for drag and horizon imaging for singularities, positioning PBT as a falsifiable alternative to standard models.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[146] ai.viXra.org:2508.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-02 00:26:25
Authors: Brent Hartshorn
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper proposes a novel conceptual framework for understanding the quantum vacuum, gravity, and the arrow of time, departing from traditional interpretations. We introduce the hypothesis that the fundamental "bits" of reality are not solely defined by what did happen, but critically by the vast, unactualized potential of "what did not happen." Drawing upon the statistical concept of Markov blankets, we suggest that the vacuum state is dynamically defined and continuously refined by the compression of these non-events. We explore the implications of this continuous compression,positing that the observed phenomenon of gravity arises from the iterative compaction of these informational bits, leading to a shrinking and solidifying past and a progressively more finite future.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[145] ai.viXra.org:2508.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-03 04:25:27
Authors: Jonathan Morton
Comments: 7 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: An abstract in the article is required; please cite listed scientific references)
The Temporal Impedance Model proposes that time is not merely a coordinate or emergent parameter but a physically real phenomenon, regulated by a continuous scalar field. In this model, time emerges from the existence of a system and its capacity for change. The proposed Temporal Impedance Field acts analogously to viscosity in space: a form of resistance to acceleration and quantum emergence that intensifies in regions of high curvature or relativistic motion. This resistance leads to an interpretation of time dilation as a real energy cost, not just a transformation.The model redefines mass and energy in terms of persistence in spacetime, suggesting that gravitational influence scales not simply with rest mass, but with both particle persistence and the curvature-contributing tension within the field. This framework offers potential alternative explanations for gravitational anomalies typically attributed to dark matter, and it replaces singularities with finite-density Planck cores where time fully halts due to maximal impedance. While this work does not yet include direct empirical tests or observational fits, it lays out the conceptual and mathematical groundwork for a unified field-based interpretation of time, energy, and curvature. This is a speculative theoretical model developed independently without formal academic training. Nonetheless, every effort has been made to ground the framework in physical reasoning, internal consistency, and respect for established science. This work is offered in good faith, with the hope that it may invite constructive scrutiny, testing, and dialogue within the physics community.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[144] ai.viXra.org:2507.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-25 17:11:44
Authors: Davide Cadelano
Comments: 298 pages. Unified theory of spacetime and quantum mechanics. Includes theoretical framework, mathematical derivations, simulations, validation protocols, and comparison with classical GR/QM limits. Submitted in PDF format in Italian version 2.0 (translat
Codex Alpha proposes a unification framework between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics based on an emergent spacetime architecture encoded in a coherent informational network called the Telascura. The fundamental equationG_{μν} + Λg_{μν} = (8πG / cu2074) ⟨ T̂_{μν} ⟩_{∇��}introduces a new informational gradient ∇�� as the physical origin of gravity, replacing the classical curvature interpretation. The manuscript develops the structure and dynamics of entangled informational nodes, negative mass configurations, superluminal coherence transfer, and a novel propulsion mechanism (the Nodal Engine) which does not require mass expulsion. A complete energetic model of the engine is presented, along with simulated test cases and theoretical validations using the Page curve, quantum tunneling, and recent meson η experiments. This work outlines a speculative yet formally structured theory, providing a path toward reconciling spacetime geometry with quantum informational principles.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[143] ai.viXra.org:2507.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-23 19:03:26
Authors: David Guild
Comments: 15 Pages.
We derive quantum mechanics (Schrodinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon equations)and general relativity (Einstein field equations) from a holographic boundary Bformed by two (4+1)-dimensional Lorentzian bulks intersecting at light speed.Black hole paradoxes resolve via higher-dimensional geometry, while dark energyand dark matter emerge naturally from bulk curvature. The framework unifiesquantum and gravitational phenomena without quantizing spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[142] ai.viXra.org:2507.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-24 00:41:25
Authors: Erfan Mahboubi
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper extends the Drain-Bridge Cosmology model by exploring new theoretical andobservational implications of black hole—white hole transitions. Key findings include the role of gravitational lensing in revealing finite spatial capacity, the potential for large and long-lived white hole universes, and the possibility of observing bridge-linked galaxies. The model also presents a novel explanation for cosmic expansion through inflow dynamics and offers reinterpretations of cosmic microwave background anomalies. Together, these extensionsreinforce the idea of a multiversal structure embedded in an evolving, interconnectedcosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[141] ai.viXra.org:2507.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-21 22:28:09
Authors: Enrico Felizetti
Comments: 23 Pages. In German
This paper presents a cosmological theory based on a scalar information field Φ(x,t), which acts as the source of light, gravity and expansion. The field dynamics are derived from a nonlinear Lagrangian and lead to emergent properties such as effective light speed, gravitational attraction via gradients, and a varying expansion rate without requiring dark energy. Predictions are made for black hole information storage, CMB spectrum, nucleosynthesis, and laboratory tests. Numerical simulations and falsifiability criteria are discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[140] ai.viXra.org:2507.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-19 02:14:24
Authors: Mattias Ashby
Comments: 11 Pages.
The Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model has been the dominant paradigm in cosmology for decades, successfully describing the universe’s large-scale structure, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and the evolution of galaxies. It assumes that ordinary baryonic matter makes up only about 5% of the total energy density, with dark matter (DM) contributing roughly 27% to provide the extra grav itational attraction needed for galaxy formation and cluster dynamics, and dark energy (DE) accounting for the remaining 68% to drive the observed accelerated expansion of the universe. However, this model relies on the existence of DM as invisible, non-baryonic particles and DE as a cosmological constant or similar repulsive force, both of which lack direct empirical confirmation despite extensive searches. As of July 18, 2025, experiments like LUX-ZEPLIN and ADMX have yielded null results for DM candidates [1, 2, 3], while theoretical tensions persist, including the Hubble constant discrepancy (local measurements yielding H0 ≈ 73 km/s/Mpc versus CMB-derived values of ≈ 67 − 68 km/s/Mpc, a tension of ≈ 3.4σ according to DESI 2025 data) [4, 5, 6, 7] and the S8 tension (a ≈ 2σ mismatch in the amplitude of matter fluctuations between CMB-derived S8 ≈ 0.81 and low-redshift survey estimates of S8 ≈ 0.76 − 0.78) [8, 9, 10]. Additionally, JWST observations have revealed an overabundance of massive black holes at high redshifts (z ≈ 10, masses ≈ 108M⊙), requiring accretion rates 40-50 times the Eddington limit, challenging standard DM-seeded growth models [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. These issues prompt a reevaluation: What if DM and DE do not exist as separate entities, but are instead manifestations of gravity itself, modified to produce the observed effects? Radial Compounding Gravity (RCG) is a modified gravity theory that realizes this vision by reinterpreting DM and DE as emergent behaviors of gravity. Gravity is conceptualized as an attractive pull from all spatial directions that compounds radially at density hubs to generate DM-like clumping (effective equation of state w ≈ −0.02) and thins off center through a multi-directional tug-of-war to produce DE-like repulsion (w ≈ −1). Developed iteratively from an initial idea in early discussions to its current refined form through analytical derivations, numerical mocks, and N-body proxies, RCG is formalized in a scalar-tensor action with a variable equation of state w(ρlocal) = −1 + (γ/2)(1 + tanh[(ρlocal/ρhub − 1)/δ]), where γ = 1.72 and δ = 0.5 for optimal transitions. (Truncated by ai.viXra.org Admin)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[139] ai.viXra.org:2507.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-18 01:59:41
Authors: Giosuè Casasola
Comments: 25 Pages. In Italian
We propose a paradigmatic reversal of the structure of relativistic spacetime:massless bosons (photons, gravitons) are interpreted as fixed events in a discretecausal network, while massive objects travel through it at constant four-velocity (∥ U ∥ = c). This perspective unifies inertial and accelerated motion, reduces gravity to purekinematic geometry, and simplifies complex problems in quantum gravity, cosmology, and high-energy physics. The mass m0 emerges as the "geometric charge" of intrinsic motion, not as astatic property.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[138] ai.viXra.org:2507.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-16 20:44:22
Authors: Edward S. Semeraro
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This essay proposes a cosmological theory rooted in the idea that space itself possessesintegrity—an inherent resistance to the intrusion of matter. When local matter density crosses a threshold, space responds with compression, manifesting as gravity. At extreme densities, this tension resolves in the form of Localized Big Bangs, leading to cosmic renewal. A simple spring-based equation approximates this behavior, offering a fresh alternative to conventional explanations relying on dark matter and dark energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[137] ai.viXra.org:2507.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-13 03:28:48
Authors: Rohit Singh Roy
Comments: 160 Pages.
We present a modified gravitational framework in which a scalar field is nonminimally coupled to the matter density through a coordinate-dependent interaction term . This coupling alters both the spacetime geometry and the force law experienced by test particles, leading to observable deviations from standard General Relativity (GR) on galactic and cosmological scales. Starting from an action-based formalism, we derive the modified Einstein equations and demonstrate conservation of the total energy—momentum tensor via the Bianchi identity. The resulting geodesic equation acquires an additional force-like term, arising not ad hoc but as a consequence of the scalar—matter coupling, offering a natural explanation for flat galaxy rotation curves and late-time cosmic acceleration—without invoking particle dark matter or a cosmological constant.We explore the weak-field limit and derive the corresponding modified Poisson equation, which introduces a scale-dependent repulsive correction consistent with observed velocity profiles from the SPARC galaxy catalog. Our model retains covariant consistency and offers a new class of testable predictions for lensing, structure formation, and expansion history. The framework stands apart from traditional quintessence or MOND-type models by embedding the repulsive dynamics within the energy—momentum geometry itself, rather than modifying the gravitational constant or potential arbitrarily. This work opens a pathway for observationally viable, Lagrangian-based alternatives to dark matter and dark energy, grounded in scalar—density interactions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[136] ai.viXra.org:2507.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-12 03:12:45
Authors: Ivars Fabriciuss
Comments: 41 Pages.
We propose a novel cosmological framework where real space emerges from a finite, hyperbolic lattice in the imaginary quaternionic mold space I3. Mold space consists of 1061 negative-energy, positive-mass Planck-scale white holes arranged in a {5, 5} tiling with curvature κ = −e/ℓ2Pl. At the Planck epoch, thermal excitation releases E = 0 white holes forming a hyperbolic boundary between mold and real spaces, while Planck-mass black holes evaporate and fill real space with radiation. The boundary’s meta-stable lifetime tmeta ∼ 10−32 s ends via quantum tunneling at Nvertex = 26 critical sites, triggering inflation with Ne ∼ 60 e-folds. Dark matter arises as 0.269 · 1061 E = 0 white holes released after inflation, while mold space repulsion drives late-time accelerated expansion. The model predicts suppression of the CMB quadrupole (ℓ = 2), hyperbolic lattice signatures at ℓ = 5, 10, 15, and a Planck-scale gravitational wave background. This framework provides anatural solution to the cosmological constant problem and offers a unified picture of matter,dark matter, and dark energy without introducing external scalar fields or fine-tuning.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[135] ai.viXra.org:2507.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-09 10:56:30
Authors: Iene Dam
Comments: 7 Pages.
This paper presents an alternative framework for interpreting black holes, supernovae, and gravitational collapse through what is termed the Repulsive Model. Unlike the conventional view that treats black holes as terminal gravitational sinks, this model posits that they function as expulsive phenomena — localized regions where gravity undergoes a reset or polarity inversion. These events produce a net outward force, making them active contributors to cosmic expansion rather than passive endpoints of stellar evolution.Extending this perspective to stellar death, the Repulsive Model challenges the prevailing core-collapse paradigm of supernovae. It proposes that a neutron star forms prior to the explosive phase, and that its sudden emergence — marked by an intense gravitational spike — destabilizes surrounding planetary bodies. These bodies are then drawn inward and violently collide with the nascent neutron star, producing the observed ejecta, asymmetries, and kinetic energy traditionally attributed to internal shockwave rebound. This gravitational collapse—then—collision sequence provides an alternative explanation for features such as metal-rich debris fields and non-spherical blast patterns.The model reinterprets the expansion of the universe not as the effect of a mysterious, homogeneous "dark energy," but as the cumulative result of countless localized gravitational rupture events embedded in the fabric of spacetime. It provides a unified lens through which to view the Big Bang, black holes, and supernovae — not as collapses into denser states, but as repulsive transitions that expel matter and energy outward. The Repulsive Model introduces falsifiable predictions and offers a reinterpretation of several observed astrophysical phenomena that remain poorly explained under the standard ΛCDM framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[134] ai.viXra.org:2507.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-08 22:20:51
Authors: Xiaoliang Tian, Xiaohua Li, Hui Sun
Comments: 34 Pages.
This study, rooted in the first principles of the universe, systematically defines Electric Primitives (EPs) and Magnetic Primitives (MPs) as the fundamental building blocks of the cosmos through quantum analysis and cross-scale logical reconstruction, constructing a rigorous, self-consistent, and entirely new cosmological theoretical framework. This framework breaks through the logical barriers between macroscopic astrophysics and microscopic quantum domains, achieving the essential unification of physical laws across these two scales and providing a novel cognitive paradigm for decoding the operational mechanisms of the universe.The theory achieves disruptive breakthroughs in three core domains:- Nature of Matter and Energy: It profoundly reveals the quantum structural properties of dark matter and the spatiotemporal evolution essence of dark energy, offering a trans-era new pathway to understand the distribution of matter and energy in the universe.- Unification of Fundamental Forces: By systematically elaborating on the synergistic mechanisms of gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force, it achieves the theoretical unification of fundamental forces, propelling theoretical physics a crucial step closer to the "theory of everything."- Interpretation of Frontier Phenomena: It proposes a new "quantum primitives self-organization" mechanism for the origin of the Big Bang singularity and innovatively deciphers the non-local nature of quantum entanglement, transcending the philosophical boundaries of traditional physical cognition.Verified by multidisciplinary approaches including astrophysical observations, high-energy physics experiments, and quantum information research, this theory demonstrates robust explanatory and predictive capabilities in cosmological model construction, fundamental particle property interpretation, and quantum technology principle innovation. The cognitive revolution it brings not only pioneers a new paradigm for basic scientific research but also holds the promise to reshape the research directions of physics and cosmology. It is poised to become a pivotal theoretical breakthrough that rewrites the history of science in humanity quest to understand the essence of the universe, erecting an epoch-making theoretical cornerstone for exploring the ultimate mysteries of the cosmos.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[133] ai.viXra.org:2507.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-08 00:03:17
Authors: Robert C. Woodbyrne, GPT-4o
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Author name is required in the article; please cite listed sceintific references)
We propose Pressure-Release Cosmology (PRC), a framework describing universe generation as a consequence of regulated containment dynamics within black holes. The Containment Failure Hypothesis suggests that when a black hole’s internal density exceeds a critical threshold, it undergoes a rupture event, releasing mass-energy into a causally disconnected spacetime region, here defined as a Domain. In contrast to models that incorporate singularities or hypothetical fields, PRC focuses on mechanisms grounded in observable physics such as gravitational collapse and thermodynamic evolution. This paper presents the conceptual basis for PRC, compares it to established cosmological paradigms, and outlines empirical considerations for further study.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[132] ai.viXra.org:2507.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-08 00:06:19
Authors: Thiago Bezerra
Comments: 10 Pages.
This work proposes the Unified Gravitogenesis Theory (UGT), a theoretical framework that introduces a dynamic scalar field GGGGu200b to unify the phenomenology of gravity, dark matter, and dark energy. Based on a variational approach and novel field equations derived from a gravitational Lagrangian, the theory reproduces key cosmological observations, including galaxy rotation curves and the accelerated expansion of the universe, without requiring exotic dark components. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the interaction between baryonic matter and the scalar field leads to emergent gravitational dynamics consistent with empirical data.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[131] ai.viXra.org:2507.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-08 00:09:13
Authors: Jonell Cartel
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references) Shared under CC BY 4.0
This paper presents a speculative hypothesis in which a black hole that accretes nearly equal amounts of matter and antimatter may form a high-energy equilibrium core. If gravitational or quantum effects prevent immediate annihilation, this state could persist until it collapses, triggering a delayed annihilation event. The resulting energy release may destabilize the singularity and initiate a localized inflationary expansion—a scenario akin to a "new Big Bang." Unlike existing bounce or baby universe models, this proposal introduces a particle-based mechanism for cosmic rebirth: the collapse of a matter-antimatter equilibrium under Planck-scale compression. This idea is presented as a thought experiment, not a verified theory, and aims to spark discussion at the intersection of black hole physics, cosmology, and speculative particle dynamics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[130] ai.viXra.org:2507.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-08 00:10:54
Authors: Floyd D. Haywood
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
We demonstrate explicitly how Newton’s gravitational constant G and the speed oflight c appearing in Einstein’s field equations, Schwarzschild solution, Einstein—Hilbertaction, and gravitational wave equations can be translated precisely into terms of discrete substrate parameters within the Tensioned Geometric Model (TGM). The resulting coupling8πG/c4 → 8π t2p/ℓp, 2GM/c2r → 2t2pM/ℓpr,reveals general relativity as an emergent description of voxel-scale tension dynamics.Empirical validation via celestial saturation factors yields near-unity results, confirmingthat observed surface gravities are direct manifestations of substrate tension saturation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[129] ai.viXra.org:2507.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-03 01:23:33
Authors: Nimit Upadhyay
Comments: 12 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
A new model proposes that spacetime is a compressible gel-like boundary between symmetric matter and antimatter universes. Gravity emerges from inward compression of this boundary, not attraction. This framework explains black holes, cosmic asymmetry, and galactic rotation without invoking dark matter, offering falsifiable predictions and thermodynamic consistency.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[128] ai.viXra.org:2507.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-01 00:34:16
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil, Dhyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 40 Pages.
This paper introduces a novel reformulation of the Dirac delta function, grounded in the framework of textured continua indexed by infinitesimals ϵi and cardinalities ℵi.Building upon scale-layered interpretations of temporal resolution, we propose a familyof δϵi(t) distributions as resolution-specific regularizations, each encoding localizedbehavior at an ϵi scale. These textures offer a bridge between classical distributiontheory and quantum gravity formalisms, facilitating their inclusion in Feynman pathintegrals, modular Hamiltonian flows, and error correction protocols. The model isextended to phenomena in neurocognition, including near-death experiences and childtemporal perception, offering a cross-disciplinary link between scale-compressed memory and mathematical infinitesimals. Visual comparisons are drawn with Everett’smany-worlds interpretation, gauge-theoretic slicing, and decoherence functionals. Applications are also explored in quantum communication, cosmology, and entanglementtransmission across gravitational boundaries. The layered ϵi approach enables a stratifiedquantum information flow and opens new directions in textured holography andtime-dependent reconstruction.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[127] ai.viXra.org:2507.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-01 00:40:23
Authors: Alexandre de Cerqueira Santos
Comments: 11 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
I present a complete derivation of Einstein’s field equations and the Dirac equation from a single informational variational principle, without recourse to postulated spacetime geometry or quantum axioms. Building upon the Meta-Principia framework, I construct an emergent metric tensor g_{muu}^{left(mathrm{inf}ight)} from coherence and resolution fields Omegaleft(x,tight) and phileft(x,tight) , and define curvature dynamically via Theta_{muu}=partial_mupartial_u . I show that this curvature field yields the Einstein tensor, and that gradients in phi generate a stress-energy tensor consistent with general relativity. Separately, I model the excitation field psileft(x,tight) as a semantically stable structure possessing internal phase and spinor-like degrees of freedom. From variational principles alone, I derive a Dirac-like evolution equation in curved coherence space, identifying mass as a coherence-bound threshold and phase behavior as a product of informational symmetry. These results establish that the foundational equations of relativistic gravity and quantum matter both arise as limiting cases of a unified informational field theory, grounded not in spacetime or quantization, but in semantic structure and coherence evolution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[126] ai.viXra.org:2507.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-01 00:18:12
Authors: Richard A. Tasse
Comments: 20 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Author name is required in the article)
We propose a novel framework in which temporal gradients — spatial variations in the local rate of time — serve as the underlying cause of gravitational acceleration, optical refraction, and inertial resistance. By extending the concept of gravitational time dilation, we derive relationships linking acceleration, velocity, and light bending directly to the geometry of time. This approach recasts familiar forces as consequences of differential temporal flow rather than spatial curvature, offering an alternative interpretation to General Relativity. Through a series of derived equations, we demonstrate how matter and light follow diverging paths governed by time gradients, and propose experimentally testable distinctions between this model and traditional relativistic predictions. The implications suggest a new unified field perspective grounded in the structure of time itself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[125] ai.viXra.org:2506.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-30 03:46:04
Authors: Erfan Mahboubi
Comments: 5 Pages.
We propose the Drain-Bridge Cosmological Model as an alternative to the standard Big Bang framework. This model replaces the singular origin with a black hole-to-white hole transition, suggesting that each universe is born through the interior of a black hole within a parent universe. This framework resolves classical issues such as infinite compression, singularities, and the need for a temporal origin. It supports a causally connected multiverse of unique, generational universes, governed by a continuous meta-time. We discuss the theoretical motivation, structural implications, mathematical framework, and observational possibilities of this model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[124] ai.viXra.org:2506.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-30 03:00:56
Authors: Ivars Fabriciuss
Comments: 16 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
We propose a physical framework in which real space R3, time Rt, and an unobservable imaginary mold space I3 form a unified 7-dimensional structure. This model interprets imaginary spatial coordinates as physically meaningful directions orthogonal to real space, in which mold-like structures with positive mass but negative energy reside. By allowing quantized oscillations along imaginary directions, we derive a spectrum of negative-energy mold states that are electromagnetically inert and geometrically confined. These mold oscillators possess negative volume, imaginary displacements, and imaginary forces, but arethermally active at the Planck scale. Crucially, the zero-point energy of the mold vacuumcancels exactly with that of real space due to frequency reflection symmetry (ω ↔ −ω),resolving the cosmological constant discrepancy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[123] ai.viXra.org:2506.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-29 14:29:15
Authors: Richard A. Tasse
Comments: 31 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This paper proposes a unified theoretical framework in which force, gravity, acceleration, and inertia emerge from gradients in the local flow of time, rather than from spacetime curvature or classical interactions. Drawing from gravitational and relativistic time dilation, we reverse the usual causality: time rate differences are not caused by motion or mass—they cause motion and force. We demonstrate that even small temporal gradients can induce measurable radial velocities and accelerations, consistent with Newtonian gravity and relativistic mechanics. Inertia is reinterpreted as resistance to changes in time alignment. Diagrams and derivations support a testable hypothesis: space is not fundamental—time is, and when its rate varies across space, force arises.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[122] ai.viXra.org:2506.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-28 03:45:21
Authors: Ariel Acopiado
Comments: 7 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please remove "Cheese")
This paper proposes a conceptual model in which spacetime curvature is not a continuous response to mass-energy, but a threshold-triggered phenomenon. In this model, spacetime resists curvature below a certain localized mass-energy density, behaving like an elastic medium with high stiffness. Beyond this threshold, spacetime not only curves but wraps around mass, potentially explaining dark matter behavior, black hole event horizons, cosmic expansion, and the weakness of gravity at quantum scales. This framework draws from elasticity and material physics, reframing gravity as a conditional emergent property of a spacetime medium with hysteresis. Mathematical formalization using Young’s modulus analogies and real-world density computations are introduced, including implications for the CHIS mechanism (Curvature-Hysteresis Inertial Spacetime), cosmic structure, and potential links to quantum gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[121] ai.viXra.org:2506.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-27 03:59:43
Authors: Joseph Allen Coyle Jr.
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper presents a unified time dilation equation that merges gravitational and velocity-based time dilation into a single, curvature-dependent framework. Historically, time dilation has been treated as two distinct phenomena under General Relativity (gravitational) and Special Relativity (velocity-based). This paper demonstrates that both effects emerge from the same underlying curvature tension in spacetime geometry. The derived equation: ΔT = ΔTu2080 * sqrt(1 - (2GM/rc² + v²/c²)) predicts time dilation across all relativistic contexts, including GPS satellites, the International Space Station, near-black-hole conditions, and ultra-relativistic quantum systems. Verification includes matching the behavior of gravitational time dilation, Lorentz velocity time dilation, quantum clock drift, and collider-based phase differentials. The equation performs without failure in all tested regimes. This work proposes that time itself is not a universal constant but a function of local curvature tension, providing a mathematically clean step toward unifying General Relativity and quantum mechanics under a common framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[120] ai.viXra.org:2506.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-27 03:11:44
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil, Dhyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 28 Pages.
We explore a novel theoretical framework wherein creation and annihilation operators act not on elementary particles, but on entire universes. In this extended fieldtheoretic context, we introduce the notion of a multiversal Fock space constructed over distinct classes of universes, classified by topological, geometrical, and thermodynamicalsignatures. Inspired by quantum field theory and thermofield dynamics, we extend the formalism to include bosonic and fermionic universes, propose statistical ensembles for their populations, and analyze symmetry operations akin to supersymmetry in the multiversal context. The framework naturally accommodates rotating G¨odel-type universes as spinorial entities, allowing us to interpret meta-spin and meta-observables within a generalized measurement formalism. Furthermore, we embed these developments into a differential geometric treatment of meta-quantum measurement, drawingparallels with traditional quantum mechanics and proposing a higher-order expectation value formalism for universe ensembles. Conceptual parallels are drawn with philosophical cosmologies such as the Urantia model, situating our approach within both a mathematical and metaphysical context. This work lays the foundation for apotential third-quantized.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[119] ai.viXra.org:2506.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-23 20:45:41
Authors: Joseph Cox
Comments: 43 Pages.
We introduce the CHAD Law (Cosmic Homogenization via Anisotropic Dissipation), the first closed-form analytic solution of the Einstein—Cartan Raychaudhuri equation showing that intrinsic fermion spin sourcing torsion can drive a nonsingular cosmological bounce and exponentially suppress primordial vorticity—without any inflaton fields or fine-tuned potentials. CHAD reduces the early-universe dynamics to a single dimensionless coupling, naturally resolving the horizon and flatness problems and accounting for large-angle CMB anomalies. Anchored by the Event Horizon Telescope’s measurement of M87*’s near-extremal spin, we perform a six-channel Bayesian analysis using public Planck maps, galaxy-spin surveys, pulsar-timing arrays, and weak-lensing data. These independent datasets yield a consistent, tension-free posterior on the torsion coupling and pass all null tests. We then forecast that LiteBIRD, LSST, and LISA/DECIGO will each achieve multi-sigma detections of CHAD’s residual signatures—B-mode polarization floor, galaxy-spin chirality dipole, and stochastic-wave background anisotropy—or else decisively falsify the mechanism. Significance: CHAD transforms classical spacetime torsion from a theoretical curiosity into a fully predictive, empirically anchored alternative to inflation, setting the stage for definitive observational tests in the coming decade.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[118] ai.viXra.org:2506.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-22 21:22:14
Authors: Douglas Santana da Silva
Comments: 14 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
The ongoing pursuit of a unified theory explaining the fundamental nature of physical reality has been a consistent endeavor throughout scientific history. While the Standard Model precisely describes elementary particles and three fundamental forces, it lacks gravity and a deeper conceptual framework for reality. Unanswered questions persist regarding the origin of spacetime, consciousness, and quantum randomness. Methods: This article introduces the Fundamental Scanning Particle (FSP) Hypothesis, a speculative proposal. This hypothesis posits that all physical reality arises from the oscillations of a singular, fundamental entity—the FSP—operating at superluminal frequencies. The FSP scans spacetime, manifesting observed physical states. The approach integrates concepts from quantum physics, relativity, and information theory. Results: We explore the theoretical foundations of the FSP, including its superluminal operation and the concept of spacetime as an emergent projection. Conceptual implications for particle unification, quantum entanglement, and gravity as a computational optimization process are discussed. An initial mathematical formulation, treating the FSP’s state function as a Fourier series, is presented. Conclusion: The FSP Hypothesis offers a unifying framework for contemporary ideas like digital physics, the informational universe, the holographic principle, and the simulation hypothesis. It provides a radical reinterpretation of reality, positioning itself as a potential theory transcending current limitations. Despite its speculative nature, the FSP Hypothesis aims to stimulate new research toward a deeper understanding of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[117] ai.viXra.org:2506.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-21 21:39:06
Authors: Xylo Xi
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
We extend a previously proposed cosmological model in which the interior of a black hole is treated as an independent universe governed by a variable speed of light (VSL). In this Part II, we develop the "inside-out" geometry suggested by the original framework through coordinate transformations that invert standard causal and geometric structures. Using a radial inversion and a conformal time rescaling, we reframe the black hole horizon as a geometric origin surface analogous to the Big Bang. This transformed view regularizes the singularity, enables a novel formulation of cosmological expansion, and embeds the VSL profile directly in the spacetime metric. While still speculative, this approach offers a clearer mathematical scaffolding for interpreting black hole interiors as cosmogenic domains.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[116] ai.viXra.org:2506.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-20 21:19:16
Authors: Xylo Xi
Comments: 3 Pages.
We propose a conceptual cosmological model in which the interior of a black hole constitutes a complete universe governed by a variable speed of light (VSL) framework. In this scenario, the speed of light approaches zero at the event horizon and increases toward the interior. This behavior reinterprets the horizon as a temporal boundary condition analogous to the Big Bang, offering a resolution to the flatness and horizon problems without invoking inflation. Furthermore, continued accretion from the parent universe manifests as accelerated expansion within the interior universe, providing a geometric alternative to dark energy. While formal development remains future work, we outline the key physical consequences and cosmological implications of this conceptual framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[115] ai.viXra.org:2506.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-19 21:30:57
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil, Dhyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 16 Pages.
The Kerr solution to Einstein’s field equations describes a rotating black hole and is widely considered the expected outcome of the gravitational collapse of a rotating massive star. However, the Kerr interior permits the existence of closed timelike curves (CTCs), which violate causality. In response to the potential formation of CTCs, Stephen Hawking proposed the Chronology Protection Conjecture,asserting that the laws of physics prevent the formation of CTCs. This paper exploreswhether the physical processes during gravitational collapse are compatiblewith the conjecture or if the formation of Kerr black holes represents a counterexample.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[114] ai.viXra.org:2506.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-19 21:24:18
Authors: Casasola Giosuè
Comments: 11 Pages. In Italian
A unified theory is proposed that redefines mass as a dynamic geometric entity, decomposed into temporal (mt) and spatial (ms) components related to the four-dimensional motion in spacetime. The two founding postulates are:1. Universality of c: All objects move in spacetime at velocity c, with v2 +v2 t = c2 (where vt = cdτ/dt). 2. Geometrodynamic conservation: m2 0 = m2 t − m2 s is invariant, while mt +ms is locally conserved in weak gravitational fields. ℏ The model preserves all the predictions of classical General Relativity (GR), but resolves black hole singularities through quantum indeterminacy (∆mt∆ms ≥2m2 0⟨ ˆ R⟩). It also explains dark energy as vacuum fluctuations of mt and dark matter as high ms quantum states. We predict quantum gravitational waves (ν > 10100 Hz) and ms → mt + γ decays observable with keV telescopes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[113] ai.viXra.org:2506.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-18 21:09:13
Authors: J. Wallis
Comments: 6 Pages.
We present a theory of gravity derived from first principles, proposing that gravitation is an emergent phenomenon arising from the resistance of matter to the expansion of spacetime. The theory is founded on three physically-grounded axioms: metric expansion, the stability of bound structures, and a finite propagation speed for physical influence. From these first principles, the inverse-square law of gravity is derived as a consequence of a conserved "tension flux." We develop a fully relativistic framework that is shown to be consistent with the classical tests of GeneralRelativity, including the deflection of light (γ = 1), and provides direct physical mechanisms for both frame-dragging and singularity-free black holes. The theory’s primary success is a novel, dynamic explanation for the anomalous rotation curves of galaxies. We propose and validate a phenomenological model across diverse galaxy types, suggesting the dynamic effect is tied to the coherence of stellar motion. This is formalized by proposing a heuristic dependence of the model’s key parameter on stellar velocity dispersion. The full theory is formalized as a Scalar-Tensor model, consistent with the Brans-Dicke framework for a large Brans-Dicke parameter (ω), and is compatible with all current solar-system and galactic-scale observations. The paper concludes by proposing a cosmological extension involving primordial tension wells, offering a new approach to galaxy cluster anomalies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[112] ai.viXra.org:2506.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-18 20:58:57
Authors: Pervez Danish
Comments: 89 Pages.
The search for a unifying principle that connects the four fundamental forces of nature—gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force—remains a profound challenge and enduring inspiration in modern physics. The Origin-Driven Unification Theory (ODUT) presents a novel framework centred on the concept of the inertia of origin, which posits that all physical entities inherently tend toward their point of creation. This unifying tendency is mediated by a scalar Ψ field with fractal self-similarity, replacing the Higgs field and governing both particle mass and bosonic interactions across quantum and macroscopic regimes.In ODUT, Quantum Critical Cores (QCCs)—high-energy-density regions at the centre of atomic nuclei—act as origin points where gauge bosons emerge. The theory further proposes that dark matter occupies the intra-atomic region between the nucleus and electron, inhibiting photon and electron transit, while dark energy arises from QCC strain release, providing repulsive pressure at cosmological scales. Notably, ODUT reinterprets wave—particle duality as an energy-modulated measurement probability, offering testable deviations in quantum interference experiments. It also introduces the Ψ-knot mechanism, whereby quantized energy states emerge from discrete topological tensions in the Ψ-field, setting a geometric basis for quanta and redefining superposition as fast, origin-tethered switchingODUT presents a unified Lagrangian consistent with known physics while introducing novel predictions, such as new bosonic signatures at high energies, deviations in deep inelastic scattering, and fractal decay patterns in nuclear events. This framework aims not only to reconcile all known interactions but also to honour the foundational principle that the structure of the universe reflects its origin-bound coherence [1—3].Extending this logic, ODUT introduces the Pendulum Universe—a field-driven cosmological cycle where time, memory, and matter arise not from a singularity, but from a rhythmic oscillation between expansion and return—offering a provocative rethinking of the Big Bang itself. ODUT also redefines time dilation as a perceptual and geometric effect, rooted in stretched Ψ-field cycles rather than space-time distortion.Unlike string theory or GUTs, which rely on higher-dimensional symmetries and unification at inaccessible energy scales, ODUT derives all forces and particles from field-origin dynamics and Quantum Critical Cores—mechanisms that are testable within current experimental precision. It further resolves the hierarchy problem by replacing fine-tuned Higgs mass dependence with emergent Ψ—QCC field tension dynamics. Among its predictions, ODUT proposes that dark matter near solar regions may damp Ψ-field ripples, producing observable black zones in solar or infrared spectra — a falsifiable signature detectable with existing telescopes. Furthermore, ODUT explains cosmological redshift not through metric expansion but through Ψ—dark matter damping, where photon energy loss arises from field resistance across dense cosmic media — a model that also predicts variations in the speed of light tied to dark matter density.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[111] ai.viXra.org:2506.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-18 20:49:53
Authors: Alex Bertran
Comments: 45 Pages.
The ΛCDM model relies on fine-tuned dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE). We propose these emerge from topological scars—fossilized Weyl curvature (Cμνρσ ̸= 0 where Tμν = 0) formed by primordial black holes (PBHs) and Pop III supernovae. This framework: u2022 Replaces DM/DE via Weyl curvature (e.g., fits NGC 1052-DF2without particles). u2022 Mimics DE through differential expansion (ΔH0/H0 ∼ 10%) betweenscar-rich filaments and voids. u2022 Predicts JWST/LISA signatures (Sec. 5) and galactic morphologypatterns (see companion work). Key evidence (April 2025): u2022 JWST’s 3.1σ spin alignment at z > 6 (PBH vorticity; Eq. 31). u2022 Planck’s CMB Cold Spot (2.8σ) matches Gpc-scale scars (Eq. 21). u2022 Universal rotation (Ω ∼ 2π/0.5 Tyr) and Hubble anisotropies (ΔH0/H0 ∼ 10%), where ΛCDM requires ad hoc vorticity fields, while Scars explainthem via fossilizedWeyl turbulence from PBH mergers (Eq. 35) and differential expansion (Eq. 36). Novelty: A unified geometric mechanism replaces both DM and DE, solving Λ’s fine-tuning. The model is falsified by: u2022 WIMP detections (σ > 10−47 cm2), u2022 JWST null results for z > 10 disk asymmetries.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[110] ai.viXra.org:2506.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-18 20:56:14
Authors: Alex Bertran
Comments: 8 Pages.
Penrose’s Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC) interprets CMB circles as echoes of past universes. We demonstrate they are fossilized scars from primordial black holes (PBHs) in our own universe, explaining: u2022 Spin-aligned galaxies observed by JWST (65%, p < 0.01)u2022 Predicted 10−5 Hz gravitational waves detectable by LISA u2022 Metal-rich voids observed by Chandra If CMB-S4 confirms scar-predicted circle ratios (∝ M1/3 PBH), both CCCand particle dark matter models face significant challenges. The ΛCDM model relies on two untested assumptions: collisionless dark matter and dark energy. We show these emerge naturally from topological scars—fossilized Weyl curvature (Cμνρσ ̸= 0 where Tμν = 0) left by PBH evaporation and Pop III supernovae. Unlike particle-based DM, scars: u2022 Fit NGC 1052-DF2’s kinematics without fine-tuning u2022 Predict LISA’s 10−5 Hz GW background from non-merger oscillations u2022 Explain JWST’s z > 10 aligned spins via fossil vorticity This model is falsifiable by upcoming observations from CMB-S4, JWST, and LISA. This brief paper extends the mathematical framework first presented in [5] Zenodo.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[109] ai.viXra.org:2506.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-18 21:27:14
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 14 Pages.
The angular size of galaxies as a function of redshift has long been used as a cosmological test. The standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model predicts a minimum in angular diameter distance near z ∼ 1.5, followed by an increase in angular size due to geometric projection effects. However, deep-field galaxy surveys from HST and JWST show no such turnover. Instead, observed angular sizes continue to shrink across the full redshift range. In this paper, we present a coherence-based alternative derived from Holosphere Theory. Rather than attributing redshift to spatial expansion, the model links angular modulation in a rotating discrete lattice. The resulting angular adjustment factor increases exponentially with distance and produces a smooth, turnover-free angular size trend. Weshowthat this coherence-based angular modulation model matches real galaxy size observations across redshifts z ∼ 0.1 to z ∼ 10 with no tuning, and aligns more closely with observed angular sizes than CDM. This result supports the interpretation of redshift and angular scale as physical strain effects—rather than coordinate artifacts—and opens a path toward a new understanding of cosmic structure and light propagation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[108] ai.viXra.org:2506.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-18 00:42:57
Authors: Joseph T. Cox
Comments: 113 Pages. Submitted to the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics; distributed underCC BY 4.0.
We propose a classical cosmological model—Kerr—Torsion Cosmogenesis (KT), within the Einstein—Cartan extension of General Relativity, where intrinsic spin induces spacetime torsion and naturally resolves gravitational singularities. By analytically demonstrating geodesic completeness and stabiliza, tion of mass inflation within rotating Kerr collapse, KT provides a nonsingular bounce at a finite Planckscale radius without invoking quantum corrections or scalar fields. Torsion dynamics yield an effective equation of state evolving from stiff matter through a transient phantom regime, approaching a dark-energy-like late-time acceleration without a cosmological constant. The same torsion framework accounts for galaxy rotation curves via logarithmic potentials, predicts directional cosmic birefringence, and explains observed anisotropies such as galaxy-spin chirality dipoles and gravitational-wave background polarization. Current zero-parameter observational tests—includingPlanck CMB, BAO, SPARC galaxy rotation, JWST high-z galaxy counts, and PTA anisotropies—all validate KT predictions within stringent, predefined falsifiability conditions. Upcoming experiments (LiteBIRD, CMB-S4, SKA, LISA, and PIXIE) will provide decisive, parameter-free tests. KT cosmogenesis thus presents a parsimonious, fully classical, and empirically robust alternative paradigm to inflation, dark matter, and dark energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[107] ai.viXra.org:2506.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-18 00:30:37
Authors: Rik Gielen
Comments: 41 Pages.
Will we ever know for sure how the universe with all its stars and planets came into being? Perhaps not, but the big bang theory currently offers the most plausible explanation for the beginning of time and space, says science.Why is that?[1] Because there is additional evidence. And that evidence came from two scientists. Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson worked at Bell Labs on radio communication via reflection from balloons. They had built a huge antenna to communicate over long distances. In the signal they received with this antenna, they observed a 'disturbance' with wavelengths in the microwave range. It turned out that this signal came from all directions in the sky. They were unable to explain where the signal came from, but it seemed to come from deep in space. They found the explanation by sheer luck. Penzias called the theoretical astronomer Robert Dicke who happened to be working on calculations on the 'first light' after the big bang. Assuming a big bang, Dicke had calculated that there must still be radiation corresponding to a very low temperature. That fitted the measurements exactly. Dicke concluded that they had found convincing evidence for the big bang! That radiation was later called cosmic microwave background radiation. The purpose of this booklet is to express my doubts about the background radiation and if there were any truth in it, this could be a start to tackle and perhaps partly solve the known problems in cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[106] ai.viXra.org:2506.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-15 17:12:42
Authors: Patrick Oliver Køhalmi
Comments: 54 Pages.
This publication introduces a new theoretical framework — the Symmetric Mass Model (SMM) — which reinterprets mass as a dual-field structure based on two scalar fields, φu208a and φu208b, representing positive and negative mass domains. The model is centered around a symmetric zero point, where conventional mass behavior transitions between these domains. Both classical and quantum formulations are explored, including quantization and operator expansion. The model offers a novel explanation of dark matter and dark energy as field projections from the φu208b sector. Cosmological and geometric implications are discussed, and the model is presented as a hypothetical, foundational step toward a broader unified field theory.Note: This model should not be confused with Symmetric Mass Generation (SMG), which refers to a different mechanism of fermion mass generation without Higgs condensation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[105] ai.viXra.org:2506.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-14 23:30:37
Authors: Joshua Michael Edwards
Comments: 22 Pages.
The Pressure-Origin Framework is a unifying theory that begins with absolute nothingness and explains the emergence of the universe through a series of entropy-driven field transitions. It proposes that an intrinsic pressure within pure absence causes the first fluctuation—identified as raw dark energy. As entropy and time arise, a feedback loop between expansion and temporal flow structures this raw energy into the Consciousness Field (C-Field), a unified field responsible for all known phenomena. Dark matter, gravitational loops, the Higgs mechanism, and all fundamental forces emerge as structured phases or resonant patterns within the C-Field. Quantum mechanics and general relativity are shown to be local and global behaviors of this evolving field. The theory reproduces key cosmological observables—CMB anisotropies, lensing amplitude, BAO scale, and S8 suppression—without requiring inflation, massive neutrinos, or a cosmological constant. It predicts entropy echoes and field-based neutrino analogs, offering testable alternatives to ΛCDM. By grounding all physics in a single field unfolding from pressure, the theory provides a coherent origin for space, time, structure, and consciousness.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[104] ai.viXra.org:2506.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-11 08:27:44
Authors: Sjaak Uitterdijk
Comments: 3 Pages.
This article shows how AI initially supports the prevailing view of the validity of the Special Theory of Relativity, but after commenting on this argumentation, changes its "mind" completely.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[103] ai.viXra.org:2506.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-08 22:12:11
Authors: Alexandre de Cerqueira Santos
Comments: 55 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
I present a complete and self-contained unification of fundamental physics grounded in a single informational axiom: the Informational Generative Principle (IGP). Unlike geometric or particle-based theories, Meta-Principia postulates that all observable reality emerges from the evolution of structured information constrained by maximal coherence and minimal semantic redundancy. From this principle, I derive six interdependent informational fields—resolution, coherence tension, curvature, anchoring, excitation, and semantic memory—that collectively generate all known physical phenomena, including spacetime geometry, quantum behavior, gravity, entropy, gauge symmetries, and observer-dependent collapse.A unified Lagrangian is constructed over these fields and rigorously analyzed. Through a set of 21 simulation modules and one cross-disciplinary extension, I demonstrate that this framework reproduces the statistical and structural features of general relativity, quantum field theory, and the Standard Model—including gravitational waveforms, neutrino oscillations, black hole evaporation spectra, and cosmological structure formation—without assuming particles, spacetime manifolds, or arbitrary constants.All physical constants traditionally inserted by hand—including ℏ, c, and G—emerge statistically from the interactions of these fields. Collapse dynamics and observer influence are derived as recursive informational processes internal to the theory, eliminating the need for external measurement postulates. Simulation results align with observational data from CMB spectral indices, LIGO waveforms, and quantum interference experiments. The observer field dynamically integrates semantic memory, enabling first-principles modeling of consciousness, attention, and collapse resolution without invoking dualism or metaphysical assumptions.Meta-Principia concludes the program of unification by treating reality not as substance or geometry, but as semantically constrained information. This paper establishes the complete theoretical structure, mathematical formulation, empirical validation, simulation architecture, and philosophical implications of the framework. All foundational, physical, cognitive, and epistemic components are derived from a single axiom—closing all known explanatory gaps in modern physics within one coherent, falsifiable, and unified paradigm.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[102] ai.viXra.org:2506.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-08 07:00:59
Authors: Rodel Baquial
Comments: 3 Pages. Independent theoretical framework proposing cosmic expansion via continuous dimensional energy inflow. Incorporates modified Friedmann equation, Higgs coupling, and electron stability as dimensional resonance.
This paper proposes Dimensional Cycle Theory, a novel cosmological model where energy continuously enters our 3D universe from higher dimensions and is converted into mass via the Higgs field. Unlike the classical single Big Bang model, this theory suggests cosmic expansion results from ongoing dimensional energy inflows, forming localized mini-bang events across space-time.At the quantum level, the electron is identified as the only stable, negatively charged particle—an indication of successful resonance from higher-dimensional energy. Other similar particles decay rapidly, reinforcing the uniqueness of the electron as a dimensional anchor.A differential equation is introduced to describe the mass-generation process:dM(t)/dt = E_dim(t) × phi_H(t)where E_dim(t) is the dimensional energy inflow and phi_H(t) is the Higgs field’s interaction strength.The theory modifies the Friedmann equation to integrate this extra-dimensional energy. Simulations of energy spikes, Higgs suppression, and chaotic inflows produce mass growth patterns aligned with observed star formation. The framework supports a multiverse architecture driven by recursive dimensional energy spillover.Dimensional Cycle Theory bridges quantum field dynamics, cosmology, and multiverse logic, offering an alternative to ΛCDM and dark energy-based expansion models.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[101] ai.viXra.org:2506.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-08 21:52:12
Authors: Lorenzo Lucchesi
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We propose a novel metaphorical framework for interpreting the physical universe by integrating concepts from string theory, quantum mechanics, and the block universe model. Through the allegory of a multidimensional library containing all possible versions of a narrative, we explore how deterministic structures can give rise to apparently indeterminate experiences. This framework suggests that the universeis pre-written but traversed subjectively along quasi-spatial trajectories governed by coherence, continuity, and probabilistic branching. We interpret time as a spatial dimension within this model and examineimplications for entropy, black holes, and quantum entanglement.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[100] ai.viXra.org:2506.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-08 21:44:31
Authors: Jeff Connolly
Comments: 106 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: An abstract is required in the article; please cite and list scientific references)
This theory began not with equations, but with a growing discomfort. Like many who studied physics, I admired its ability to predict, explain, and quantify. But even as it succeeded in practice, it failed to cohere in principle. The foundations didn’t fit together. Quantum mechanics treated the world as probabilistic and discontinuous. General relativity described it as smooth and geometric. Particle physics listed a menagerie of fields and particles, each with its own rules and exceptions. Cosmology introduced forces and energies whose origin remained opaque.Each of these disciplines worked brilliantly in its own domain, but they spoke different conceptual languages. Their interface was riddled with contradictions: How could gravity—a geometric curvature of spacetime—be reconciled with the probabilistic collapse of the wavefunction? Why was mass both a geometric property and a quantum interaction? What exactly was energy?I began to suspect that the problem wasn’t one of translation—but of assumption. What if the categories we were working with weren’t fundamental? What if we had mistaken emergent behaviors for primitive truths?Einstein’s equation, E = mc², became the focal point of this rethinking. Traditionally, it is read as a conversion formula: mass is energy, with the speed of light providing the scale. But what if this equation is not a translation between units—but between realities? What if mass and energy are not things, but modes of a deeper structure?More provocatively: What if mass, energy, and spacetime are not separate at all—but co-emergent from the same underlying mechanism?This was the seed from which the Three Field Theory emerged.The Four Foundational Tenets of 3FTWhat must be true for reality to take the shape we observe? These four postulates define the base architecture of the theory.1. Reality is structured by three ontologically distinct fields.At the most fundamental level, the universe is not built from particles, waves, or forces—but from three irreducible and interactive fields:u2022 The geometry field (��) defines the shape and curvature of space itself.u2022 The energy-tension field (ℰ) represents energy as a physical presence—field tension, stored curvature, and the directional tendency of motion or change.u2022 The Higgs-embedding field (ℋ) determines whether and how structures can persist, acquire identity, and remain embedded across time.These fields are not just mathematical abstractions; they are real, causally active substrates. Each field behaves according to its own rules, but they only manifest observable reality when in resonance together. No single field can account for existence on its own—matter, motion, and time arise from their interdependent resonance. Their interaction forms the canvas upon which all structure is painted.2. Spacetime is not a passive backdrop, but a dynamic medium.Whereas classical physics treated spacetime as a flat grid and general relativity curved it in response to mass, 3FT reframes this entirely: spacetime is the active structure of the geometry field (��). It is deformable, dynamic, and field-dependent—not static. This field isn't merely curved by matter; it co-participates in the structure of reality, shaping how energy propagates, how mass embeds, and how collapse thresholds are met or missed.In this view, light doesn't merely "travel through space"—it propagates along resonance paths within ��. Matter doesn't just bend spacetime; it knots into it, pulling it inward and creating local curvature zones that change the resonance conditions for other structures. This has dramatic implications: inertia, gravity, and time passage are not passive consequences, but interactive field behaviors governed by the local structure of ��.3. Matter is a resonance envelope, not a thing.What we call a particle is not an indivisible point, nor a smeared probability cloud—it is a localized structure of resonance, held in place by field compatibility across all three fields. This structure—its shape, stability, interaction rules, and identity—is defined by how energy embeds into geometry and is held by Higgs constraints.Every stable structure is an envelope of energy—a spatially defined, temporally sustained configuration where the curvature of ��, the tension of ℰ, and the symmetry constraints of ℋ match and reinforce one another. This envelope is not static: it vibrates, deforms, exchanges energy, and can be perturbed. But as long as its resonance conditions are met, it retains identity.The electron, the photon, the proton—each is a different kind of resonance envelope. What distinguishes them is not their "stuff," but the structure and field compatibility that allows them to persist. When resonance fails, the structure doesn’t decay in a classical sense—it collapses, redistributes, or transitions into another allowed configuration.4. The behavior of all phenomena is governed by resonance continuity and collapse.In a world made of structured fields, what happens next is always determined by whether a given structure can maintain resonance compatibility with its surrounding fields. Motion, interaction, decay, coherence, identity—these are not primary events, but consequences of stability or failure in resonance.This is the most powerful shift: the familiar dynamics of physics—acceleration, emission, oscillation, even measurement outcomes—are not fundamentally caused by forces or probabilities. They are dictated by whether a field structure continues to satisfy the resonance criteria that define its existence. If it does, it moves or evolves along an allowable path. If it does not, collapse redistribution occurs—a real, topological transition in the field structure of reality.This principle also governs time itself. Time does not "flow" uniformly; it is not an absolute coordinate. Instead, time is what happens when collapse continues uninterrupted. A structure experiences time only insofar as its field embedding remains stable enough to collapse locally and consistently. Where collapse cannot occur, time halts. Where it accelerates, time seems to race. But these are not illusions—they are direct expressions of collapse access and resonance continuity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[99] ai.viXra.org:2506.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-07 20:54:00
Authors: Mark Patter
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please submit the article in pdf only; please cited listed sceintific references)
This paper introduces VAST (Viscoelastic Anisotropic Spacetime Theory), a unified physical framework that models spacetime as a viscoelastic medium exhibiting memory-based relaxation behavior. By incorporating a Spacetime Viscoelastic Response (SVR) into Einstein’s equations, we reinterpret inflation, cosmic expansion, galaxy rotation curves, and redshift anomalies without invoking dark matter or dark energy. We test SVR against 50 galaxy rotation curves, observe close alignment with cosmic expansion patterns, and present a model where the structure and dynamics of the universe emerge from the elastic memory of spacetime itself. The theory introduces the concept of Inward Elastic Tension (IET) as a residual restorative force that stabilizes galactic rotation without the need for exotic matter. VAST also offers natural explanations for early inflation, late-time acceleration, and potential asymmetries in galaxy spin direction. We conclude by discussing observational predictions and tests that can distinguish VAST from ΛCDM and other models.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[98] ai.viXra.org:2506.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-05 20:55:59
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 8 Pages.
We propose that the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is not a relic of a primordial hot phase, but a continuous, steady-state emission arising from angular coherence decay in the structured Holosphere lattice. In this framework, spacetime is modeled as a nested, rotating array of Planck-scale Holospheres, where quantized angular phase transitions in high-n orbital shells produce blackbody-like radiation. The CMB spectrum emerges naturally from transitions near n ∼ 970, corresponding to a coherence breakdown threshold. This emission occurs at the outermost visible shell—termed the decoherence zone—beyond which photons become phase-incompatible with the observer’s lattice and cannot propagate. The observed ∼2.725K blackbody spectrum is thus a local phenomenon tied to each observer’s coherence horizon, not a universal surface of last scattering. This model replaces recombination with real-time angular re-radiation and offers falsifiable predictions regarding anisotropies, polarization, and temporal variation. The Holosphere coherence framework thus provides a geometric, phase-based alternative to Big Bang interpretations of the CMB.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[97] ai.viXra.org:2506.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-03 01:13:25
Authors: Christian Koch
Comments: Full PDF (97 pages) at https://zenodo.org/records/15574296
The TIME Theory (Time Induced by Metric Expansion) presents a field-theoretic framework in which time and gravity emerge from a scalar field alpha(r, t). This work originates from a simple conceptual premise: that time itself could emerge from synchronized spatial expansion. Building on this idea, we construct a consistent scalar-field model that reproduces key predictions of general relativity and quantum theory while offering new testable implications. Gravitational phenomena are described in terms of spatial gradients in this field, offering an alternative to curvature-based models such as general relativity and scalar-tensor theories. The theory reproduces general relativity effects such as gravitational lensing, the Shapiro delay, perihelion precession, and galactic rotation curves — based on a nonlinear field equation coupled to a dimensionless matter proxy. The field also reproduces effects commonly attributed to dark matter and dark energy. On cosmological scales, it accounts for the universe's accelerated expansion and baryon acoustic oscillations. In the quantum domain, wave patterns in the scalar field ("Chronons") encode harmonic oscillations in the CMB, providing a new explanation for its anisotropies. Quantum interference and entanglement are modeled through coherence patterns in the scalar field, replacing nonlocal signaling assumptions. Electrodynamics is derived from covariant coupling to the time-generating field, reproducing Maxwell's equations without invoking a separate gauge symmetry. In strong gravity regimes, the field collapses to near-zero values, avoiding classical singularities and enabling bounce-like behavior. Thermal emission emerges from quantized field fluctuations near horizons. The framework offers observational predictions including modified lensing profiles, phase-shift patterns in interferometry, and neutrino oscillation signatures influenced by field time variation. TIME provides a testable, self-consistent alternative to standard cosmology and gravitation, grounded in the idea that time arises from dynamic spatial expansion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[96] ai.viXra.org:2506.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-01 21:16:07
Authors: Daniel Murphy McGoldrick
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
We propose that the longstanding effort to quantize gravity may be conceptually inverted: rather than forcing gravity into the quantum framework, quantization itself may be a byproduct of entropic gravitational geometry. Drawing inspiration from Penrose’s entropy-centric cosmology and extending it through the PREU—COM framework, we formulate a model in which spacetime curvature emerges from rational entropic unfolding. Our formulation recovers general relativity’s predictions while reducing its ad hoc assumptions and revealing the informational foundation beneath both quantum mechanics and gravitational behavior.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[95] ai.viXra.org:2505.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-31 21:12:42
Authors: Ivan Berdichevsky
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
We present a novel solution to Einstein’s field equations that fuses the rotating structure of the Gödel universe with the expansion dynamics of the FLRW cosmology. This physically structured and testable metric yields a stress-energy tensor with components exhibiting dark energy-like behavior through negative pressure sourced purely by rotation-expansion coupling. The model bridges metaphysical and observable domains while remaining grounded in general relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[94] ai.viXra.org:2505.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 21:51:49
Authors: Ernest C. Gatlin III
Comments: 10 Pages.
We propose a novel 4+1-dimensional quantum gravity framework incorporating a compactifiedextra dimension, τ , with a periodicity of π (to 22 decimal places), symbolically tied to the rational approximation 22/7. Integrated into loop quantum gravity (LQG), the τ -dimension’s compactification radius R ≈ 5.6 × 10−11 m is derived to match the observed dark energy density (ρΛ ≈ 2.3 × 10−3 eV/cm3). A scalar field φ(τ ) with an exponential potentialdynamically generates this density, reducing fine-tuning compared to static vacuum energy models. Numerical solutions using the Runge-Kutta method confirm a slow-roll behavior,yielding an equation of state w ≈ −0.999, consistent with cosmological observations(type Ia supernovae, CMB, BAO). We discuss implications for quantum gravity, particlephysics, and future observational tests with DESI and Euclid, offering a new perspective onthe cosmological constant problem.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[93] ai.viXra.org:2505.0206 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 21:50:07
Authors: Seon Yong Park
Comments: 42 Pages. Computational code [inluced & distrubuted under] CC BY 4.0
Modern physics is confronted with fundamental unresolved problems such as dark matter, dark energy, the unification of the four fundamental forces, and quantum gravity. This paper proposes "Structural Information Cosmology (SIC)" as a novel approach to address these issues. The core assumption of SIC is the introduction of a dynamical **structural information field, $mathcal{C}(vec{x}, t)$**, which represents the "structural complexity of information," as a fundamental constituent of the universe alongside matter and energy. In this paper, we present a generalized Lagrangian incorporating the $mathcal{C}$ field and derive the modified Einstein field equations and the equation of motion for the $mathcal{C}$ field therefrom. One of the key predictions is that the effective gravitational coupling constant, $G_{text{eff}}$, can be modulated by the local value of the $mathcal{C}$ field. Through a concrete calculation example, we demonstrate that under specific parameter assumptions, $G_{text{eff}}$ can be enhanced by up to 2-4 times the standard value in regions where the $mathcal{C}$ field is dense, showing the potential to explain a significant portion (approximately 40-60% in the example model of this paper) of dark matter effects. Furthermore, we discuss new perspectives and expansion possibilities that the SIC framework can offer for various problems, including the unification of the four fundamental forces, an information structural interpretation of black holes, cosmological dynamics (inflation, dark energy), and a fundamental link with quantum information theory. This paper presents the foundational theoretical framework of SIC and proposes specific research directions for future theoretical development and experimental/observational verification, aiming to provide new insights into fundamental questions in physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[92] ai.viXra.org:2505.0202 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 01:30:13
Authors: Isaac Joe
Comments: 2 Pages. [Distributed] under CC BY 4.0 (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Pseudonym is not permited)
This paper proposes a speculative quantum model where the wavefunction of a particle within a black hole does not collapse to a singularity. Instead, we postulate an inverse relation between wavelength and radial distance: λ = 2ℓu209a² / R. This leads to quantum fluctuations that intensify as the particle approaches the center, preventing full convergence and resulting in a stable shell-like structure. This model suggests that the interior of black holes may consist of standing wave patterns rather than a point of infinite density. The idea is supported by intuitive derivation and implications for quantum gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[91] ai.viXra.org:2505.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 01:15:27
Authors: William H.J. Field
Comments: 26 Pages.
This paper presents a 7D spacetime model that unifies particle physics and cos- mology within a geometric framework, offering a simpler alternative to string theory’s 10 dimensions by encoding particle properties—lepton and quark generational energies (e), stability (u), and confinement (v)—in just three extra dimensions (e, u, v). The dimensions x, y, z, t, e, u, v govern particle properties, while also embedding fundamental phenomena like the arrow of time and the speed of light directly in the spacetime structure through a dynamic e-t coupling, eliminating the need for external constants. The model predicts a 5% decay asymmetry in muon neutrinos (pT skew), a quark- gluon plasma transition at 180 MeV, and 0.01% shifts in gravitational wave signatures, all verifiable through experimental observations consistent with 7D geometry. Dark matter arises from transient vacuum fluctuations in the u, v, and e dimensions, pro- ducing particles such as u-v (∼ 0.42 GeV), e-t (∼ 0.0035 GeV), e-u-v (∼ 0.085 GeV), and e-u (∼ 0.070 GeV), clustering in halos with ρm ≈ 2.3 × 10−27 kg/m3. Dark energy emerges from a diffuse ex soliton at ∼ 1.32 × 10−5 GeV, driving cosmic expansion at ρDE ≈ 7 × 10−27 kg/m3, both sourced by vacuum fluctuations in the 7D framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[90] ai.viXra.org:2505.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 01:39:50
Authors: Arie Hoeymans
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: The article title and abstract on the submission form DO Not match those in the article; please cite and list sceintific references)
This paper presents a theoretical model of gravitation developed by Dipl. Ing. Arie Hoeymans, a physicist who dedicated decades to the study of physically real fields as fundamental components of nature. His approach challenges conventional concepts of gravity by proposing that gravitational interactions can be explained through real, field-based structures, without invoking curved space-time.The document outlines the core principles of this field theory and introduces a practical experimental setup intended to verify or falsify key aspects of the model. The theory and experiment were compiled and prepared for publication by his son, Kai Hoeijmans, in an effort to preserve and share the late scientist’s legacy and ideas. This posthumous publication is intended as an invitation for discussion, evaluation, and further testing by the scientific community.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[89] ai.viXra.org:2505.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 00:53:13
Authors: William Paul Fitch Jr.
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper presents theoretical foundations. Implementation details, optimization parameters, and performance metrics are proprietary and protected under separate filings.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[88] ai.viXra.org:2505.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-28 01:21:07
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 8 Pages.
This paper presents a redefinition of gravity, redshift, and cosmological time within a discrete, rotating lattice model composed of Holospheres—spherical shells of coherently spinning Planck-scale units. In this framework, gravitational effects arise from the slow migration of coherence defects (9; 10) along angular strain gradients, and redshift is explained as cumulative phase slippage through recursive coherence layers. This einterpretation eliminates the need for spacetime expansion, dark energy, and inflation while providing a coherent explanation for the observed weakness of gravity and the apparent overestimation of galactic ages. By modeling space, time, and energy as emergent consequences of angular phase coherence, the Holosphere lattice model offers a falsifiable and physically grounded alternative to conventional cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[87] ai.viXra.org:2505.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-26 02:16:21
Authors: Eishi Sakihara
Comments: 51 Pages.
This study introduces the "Source Energy Field Theory," a novel theoretical framework that offers a unified interpretation of cosmic structure formation, fundamental forces, and quantum phenomena through nonlinear wave equations governing universal energy modulations. Numerical simulations across various dimensions confirm stable solutions consistent with observational data (e.g., Virgo cluster galaxies from SDSS). The theory demonstrates comprehensive consistency with major physical theories, including relativity, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and superstring theory. Given its innovative approach and solid empirical validation, this paper represents a significant step forward in theoretical cosmology and fundamental physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[86] ai.viXra.org:2505.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-25 01:11:52
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 26 Pages.
The Holosphere model proposes a cosmological framework in which the universe is built from a rotating, fractally nested lattice of spherical coherence layers. In contrast to CDM’s continuous spacetime and scale factor evolution, this model introduces a discrete chronology defined by radial coherence indices b = r/R, where each shell’s angular alignment governs physical processes and emergent time. This paper develops a lookback-time framework based on redshift arising from both relativistic angular divergence and cumulative phase drag across coherence layers. Epochal transitions—such as recombination, reionization, and structure formation—are reinterpreted as discrete phase transitions in rotational strain, not thermodynamic thresholds. Wederive a parameter-free redshift—time equation, show its alignment with observed galaxy data, and explain how gravitational effects, lensing, and structure formation emerge from defect clustering and angular strain gradients. This framework predicts observable differences from CDM in red shift anisotropies, lensing irregularities, and galaxy rotation without dark matter. It offers a testable, unified ontology in which time, gravity, and quantum behavior emerge from recursive angular coherence within a finite, non-expanding lattice.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[85] ai.viXra.org:2505.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-25 01:09:18
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 21 Pages.
The Holosphere model proposes that galaxy rotation curves arise from coherence strain and defect phase-locking within a discrete rotating lattice of spacetime structure. In this framework, orbital velocity is not governed by dark matter halos but by angular tension gradients and phase continuity across radial coherence bands. We develop a hybrid velocity profile combining an inner strain-driven rise and an outer coherence tail, which accurately reproduces flat rotation curves without invoking hidden mass. A formal derivation of this profile is presented using a strain-based energy functional, linking orbital support to rotational tension gradients. This paper compares the Holosphere prediction to CDM and observed data, and outlines distinguishing observational consequences such as environment-dependent curve flattening, asymmetries, and the absence of halo-induced dynamics. The model offers a parameter-minimal, testable alternative to dark matter—based galaxy dynamics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[84] ai.viXra.org:2505.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-24 04:12:37
Authors: Eishi Sakihara
Comments: 26 Pages.
This study precisely reconstructs the relationship between cosmological redshift and distance based on the newly proposed Source Energy Field Theory. Unlike the standard ΛCDM model—which relies on the assumption of accelerated cosmic expansion—our theory introduces a novel distance prediction model incorporating nonlinear electromagnetic wave attenuation, cosmic curvature, and observational directional dependence (right ascension and declination). Using high-precision observational datasets (Pantheon+ and SH0ES), we evaluated our model's performance over a broad range of distances (6.3 to 17,241 Mpc). Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements over ΛCDM (our model: RMSE = 145.52 Mpc, R² = 0.991, KS p-value = 0.989; ΛCDM: RMSE = 189.79 Mpc, R² = 0.985, KS p-value = 0.706). Our findings challenge conventional cosmological assumptions, suggesting a reconsideration of dark energy, cosmic expansion, and spatial isotropy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[83] ai.viXra.org:2505.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-24 04:34:44
Authors: Mike Dunn
Comments: 9 Pages. Distributed under CC BY 4.0 (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: An abstract in the article is required)
Temporal Flow Theory (TFT) proposes a novel framework in which the speed of light is not merely a velocity through space, but the rate at which time itself propagates across the universe. In this interpretation, light is not a traveler through time—it is the visible manifestation of time's own wavefront. Each point in space emits and receives its own temporal signature, and these "time frames" interact, forming a resonant field of temporal structure. This approach offers new insights into gravitational lensing, time dilation, and the formation of black holes, which are reinterpreted as regions of temporal saturation rather than purely spatial collapse. TFT also suggests that gravity may arise from a tendency of masses to synchronize their temporal frames. Conceptual predictions are proposed for testing via differences in light bending around single versus binary stars, and through refractive effects caused by temporal mismatch in dense media. The theory aims to complement and extend general relativity by treating time as an active field, with implications for cosmology, gravitation, and the potential unification with quantum coherence phenomena.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[82] ai.viXra.org:2505.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-23 20:45:22
Authors: Larry A. Lund
Comments: 5 Pages.
This hypothesis proposes that galaxies form sporadically through spacetime vortex phenomena at the cosmological event horizon. When two vortices collide, they generate intense oscillating gravitational gradients that excite the quantum vacuum, producing high-density photon bursts. These photons undergo pair-production (( E = mc^2 )), creating stable matter that seeds galaxy formation when conditions are optimal. Vortex collision symmetry determines galaxy morphology: off-center interactions yield spiral galaxies with angular momentum, while symmetric interactions form elliptical or spherical structures. Due to the boundary’s distance, this process appears static or merger-based locally, occurring beyond observable horizons.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[81] ai.viXra.org:2505.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-23 11:39:02
Authors: Mark Patter
Comments: 3 Pages.
We propose a novel physical analogy in which spacetime behaves as a viscoelastic medium with memory-like properties, akin to memory foam. In this model, mass-energy deforms the spacetime medium, and when that stress is removed or redistributed, the medium gradually relaxes toward an equilibrium state. This built-in relaxation pressure may account for: (1) the inflationary expansion of the early universe, (2) the late-time acceleration of cosmicexpansion without invoking dark energy, and (3) the flat rotation curves of galaxies without dark matter. We suggest that a modified Einstein field equation incorporating a spacetime relaxation term can provide a unified explanation of these phenomena. Preliminaryimplications and potential observational tests are discussed. This approach may offer a material-based physical intuition for large-scale gravitational dynamics, inviting a re- evaluation of spacetime as an active, evolving medium rather than a static geometricbackdrop.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[80] ai.viXra.org:2505.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-22 03:12:10
Authors: John Judkins
Comments: 23 Pages.
This monograph proposes a novel framework for understanding cosmological time and entropy through a non-orientable, M"obius-like manifold structure. Time is treated as a projected vector field that evolves via entropic gradients, with implications for cosmogenesis, quantum field structure, and metric inversion across cosmological transitions
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[79] ai.viXra.org:2505.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-22 21:11:32
Authors: Patrick Reilly
Comments: 33 Pages.
Presenting the Dynamic Vacuum Model (DVM), a unified framework in which the quantum vacuum is promoted to a dynamical field whose energy exchanges via microscopic processes generate gravitation, particle masses, and gauge interactions. Starting from a covariant action coupling a vacuum scalar (and extraction parameter) to the metric, we derive the one— and two—loop effective potential via Coleman—Weinberg and sunset diagrams. A functional renormalization—group (Wetterich) analysis then demonstrates an ultraviolet fixed point, establishing asymptotic safety and renormalizability. Varying the full action yields modified Einstein equations in which vacuum "drainage" and "inflow" reproduce Newtonian and weak—field gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[78] ai.viXra.org:2505.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-20 22:00:15
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 17 Pages.
We propose a cosmological framework in which redshift, lensing, and time dilation emerge from photon propagation through a discrete, rotating lattice composed of spinning Holospheres. Departing from CDM’s reliance on metric expansion and dark energy, this model attributes red shift to a hybrid mechanism: a transverse Doppler-like shift from rotational motion at emission, and exponential phase drag resulting from cumulative angular strain across the lattice." Each photon is emitted from a medium moving at a fraction of the speed of light, character ized by its lookback time relative to the total lattice age. As the photon travels toward the outer boundary—into the Holosphere moving at c—its frequency is modified by the velocity mismatch and rotational tension gradient. The resulting redshift equation provides a physical alternative to metric expansion and naturally reproduces observed acceleration without a cosmological constant. We compare this model against standard cosmological observables, including luminosity distance, angular size, and time dilation, and identify falsifiable predictions that diverge from ΛCDM at high redshift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[77] ai.viXra.org:2505.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-20 21:56:17
Authors: Mark Rehl
Comments: 26 Pages.
The Layered Causality Hypothesis proposes that relativistic disconnection between systems, creates distinct causal domains (R-levels) that cannot share quantum coherence or simultaneity. This framework provides a new explanation for dark matter as ghost matter: real mass existing in causally incompatible R-levels, gravitationally interactive but quantum-invisible. The hypothesis offers a reinterpretation of dark sector behavior, coherence breakdown, and potential violations of intuitive relativistic structure
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[76] ai.viXra.org:2505.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-20 21:47:34
Authors: Cong Wang
Comments: 10 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
This paper presents a unified cosmological framework grounded in the dynamics of spatial tension, offering an alternative to particle-centric and dark-matter-dependent models. It introduces a fundamental identity — space = matter + wave — wherein matter is defined as a localized expression of spatial compression, and light as the propagating wavefront of tension transformation. Matter and antimatter are reinterpreted not as annihilative opposites but as inverse tension states; their transitions are structural reversals mediated by light, not particle destruction. Black holes and main-sequence stars are shown to be cyclic extremes of this process, functioning as sinks and sources of spatial tension, respectively.The model further extends to atomic behavior, nuclear reactions, and macroscopic thermodynamic effects such as thermal expansion, unifying them through tension state variation. This theory asserts that all energy phenomena — from stellar radiation to quantum transitions — are expressions of a single, continuous, and self-modulating field of spatial tension. The result is a non-anthropocentric, annihilation-free cosmological vision that closes long-standing theoretical gaps without invoking unverifiable constructs such as dark matter or vacuum fluctuations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[75] ai.viXra.org:2505.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-20 21:01:31
Authors: Gui Furne-Gouveia
Comments: 6 Pages.
We propose a novel theoretical framework where space is a vibrational medium composed ofgranular entities, characterized by intrinsic anisotropy (λ1, λ2, λ3). Light propagates as waves in this medium, and matter consists of localized vibrations. Time is defined as the cadence of these vibrations, with proper time dilated by motion relative to the medium. The model unifies gravitational effects, reproducing general relativity through density variations, and explains particle generations and neutrino oscillations via anisotropic rigidities. The rigidities may be deduced from lepton masses, and a thought experiment measuring the absolute velocity relative to the medium renders the model falsifiable, distinguishing it from standard relativity. Predictions for experimental tests, including neutrino oscillation anomalies and gravitational effects, are discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[74] ai.viXra.org:2505.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-19 21:53:55
Authors: Kash Moghaddami
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
We propose a novel interpretation of gravity as an emergent phenomenon arising from temporal synchronization gradients in spacetime. Rather than viewing mass as curving geometry in the traditional sense, we hypothesize that mass introduces a localized delay in the rate at which spacetime can propagate or process temporal information. This delay creates a gradient in temporal synchrony, causing nearby regions of spacetime to shift their temporal frames in an effort to remain in causal or informational sync with the mass-distorted zone. We define a scalar delay field proportional to GM/(r c²), whose spatial gradient yields a vector field, formally analogous to the classical gravitational field but conceptually rooted in informational dynamics. This model draws conceptual parallels to systems in which a global state emerges through the synchronization of local elements around delayed or slower processes. By interpreting gravitational attraction as a system-wide effort to minimize temporal desynchronization, we provide a new framework for understanding the arrow of time, mass-energy distributions, and potentially gravity’s unification with quantum information theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[73] ai.viXra.org:2505.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-19 21:48:23
Authors: Alexandre de Cerqueira Santos
Comments: 25 Pages.
We propose a complete, falsifiable, and computationally validated unification of fundamental physics grounded in a single axiom: the Informational Generative Principle (IGP). From this principle, we derive all known physical structures—including spacetime, quantum mechanics, gravitation, mass-energy relations, the Standard Model gauge groups, cosmological expansion, black hole thermodynamics, and observer-dependent collapse—without postulating particles or continuous fields as primitives. Instead, all observables emerge from structured information constrained by maximal coherence and minimal semantic redundancy.A unified Lagrangian is constructed over six interdependent informational fields: the resolution field phileft(x,tight) , coherence tension Omegaleft(x,tight) , curvature tensor Theta_{muu}left(x,tight) , anchoring field Hleft(x,tight) , excitation field psileft(x,tight) , and observer memory field gleft(x,tight) . These produce gravitational curvature, quantized excitations, gauge symmetries, and collapse statistics consistent with the Born rule.Twenty-one simulation modules validate the theory, including predictions of the scalar spectral index n_s , neutrino mixing angles, black hole evaporation spectra, and Planck-scale structure regularization. Entanglement and decoherence emerge from the interplay between the resolution field and observer-modulated semantic tension. Constants such as hbar , c , and G are recovered from the statistical geometry of the coherence field.This manuscript demonstrates that all known physical phenomena—across quantum, relativistic, and cosmological domains—are accounted for within this axiomatically minimal and computationally sufficient framework. We further provide observational comparisons to CMB data, LIGO gravitational waveforms, neutrino oscillation experiments, and standard quantum interference patterns, confirming the model’s empirical viability. Meta-Principia completes the program of unification by treating reality not as substance, but as structured information—resolving the deepest paradoxes of modern physics through semantic dynamics rather than geometric postulates.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[72] ai.viXra.org:2505.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-19 02:46:49
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil
Comments: 25 Pages.
This paper explores a speculative but conceptually rich intersection between twocentral constructs in modern theoretical physics: Calabi—Yau manifolds, used in compactification schemes in string theory, and the notion of two-dimensional time withM¨obius topology. We investigate the potential implications of embedding Calabi—Yauspaces in a spacetime framework with a non-orientable temporal dimension, examininghow such configurations could influence field theory, supersymmetry, brane dynamics,and the structure of holographic dualities.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[71] ai.viXra.org:2505.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-18 00:34:38
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper proposes a granular model of spacetime wherein gravity and inertia emerge fromquantized angular momentum transfer through a discrete, spinning medium composed of Planck-scale and sub-Planck-scale spheres. Within this framework—termed the Sempiternal SpinningSphere Theory—the universe is modeled as a hierarchy of rotating spheres, where defects incuboctahedral packing give rise to observable matter and forces. Gravitational effects are notattributed to curvature of a smooth manifold but to statistical gradients in spin perturbationspropagating through the lattice.The model reproduces key features of general relativity in the large-scale limit, includingframe dragging and causal lightcones, while avoiding singularities and point-particle infinities.It integrates naturally with the Holographic Principle by showing that the sum of distributedpacking defects equals the surface area of the bounding sphere, and provides a potential physicalbasis for Jacobson’s and Verlinde’s emergent gravity scenarios.A proposed redshift equation incorporating both relativistic Doppler shift and a tired-light-like attenuation term is also introduced, which matches high-redshift galaxy data with minimalfree parameters. This model suggests a new avenue for unifying gravitational, quantum, andthermodynamic descriptions of spacetime from a bottom-up, geometrically discrete foundation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[70] ai.viXra.org:2505.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-18 00:24:58
Authors: Carlos Isturiz
Comments: 75 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: An abstract in the article is required)
HGVM is a foundational framework proposing a geometric coupling between the Higgs vacuum expectation value and local spacetime curvature. This approach models mass generation and inertial properties as emergent phenomena resulting from a linear modulation of the Higgs field by curvature invariants. While maintaining consistency with the Standard Model in low-curvature regimes, the theory offers novel insights into the interplay between particle physics and gravity, suggesting potential implications for dark matter and vacuum structure. This initial formulation lays the groundwork for further extensions toward a unified dynamics of mass, inertia, and vacuum geometry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[69] ai.viXra.org:2505.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-18 00:16:02
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 17 Pages.
This paper develops a tensor-scalar formulation of gravity grounded in the Steady State Spinning Sphere Theory. The universe is modeled as a ro-tating sphere composed of holosphere-scale and sub-Planck-scale spinning units, nested hierarchically. Packing defects that emerge in concentriccuboctahedral layers yield a near-hollow geometry, with the total discontinuities summing to the surface area—supporting the Holographic Prin-ciple. Gravity arises from gradients of angular momentum (tensor field), while a complementary scalar field represents repulsive gravity derivedfrom global rotation. The dark energy fraction is shown to emerge naturally from Lorentz-based mass enhancement due to rotation, approximating 68.17%, matching Planck data. Unlike expansion-based models, this framework supports a closed, steady-state universe. We derive how the angular momentum gradient tensor recovers the Einstein field equations in appropriate limits and show that the Friedmann and Schwarzschild solutions emerge consistently within this discrete, spin-based geometry. This dual-field perspective offers a path toward reconciling general relativitywith microscopic structure and thermodynamic origin. We see gravity as Jacobson’s approach: GR as thermodynamic equilibrium. An entropicforce such as Verlinde’s. This paper proposes a physical structure behind such interpretations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[68] ai.viXra.org:2505.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-18 00:14:47
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 6 Pages.
We propose a hybrid redshift equation combining the special relativistic Doppler effect with an empirical tired light correction. This formulation allows redshift to be a function of the velocity of a spinning medium in a rotating universe and the accumulated energy loss due to photon interaction with that medium. The model provides a modified redshift relation that may describe observations beyond standard cosmological expansion and relativistic effects. This paper presents a model that predicts the redshifts as well as measured values, but without adjustments by dark energy, dark matter or comoving distances. There is only one parameter. It is the fraction of time since emission of the light. The parameter also adjusts for a small factor of tired light of the universe. The assumption is that light hits an object moving at the speed of light. The model of theuniverse is spheres made out of spheres. The model is called "Sempiternal Steady State Spinning Sphere Theory", aframework unifying particle masses via vacancy defects in cuboctahedral packing of a granular universe. The model proposes an eternal spinning sphere universe (radius 3.018 billion light-years, mass ∼ 1.636 × 1054 kg) with continuous matter creation and destruction, driven by both attractive and repulsive gravity dynamics. . A redshift comparison table validates the model against measured values of redshift, suggesting resolution to the Hubble tension due to assumptions from a steady state universe verses a big bang universe. There are two graphs, the first showing how accurately the model predicts redshift vs actual data using the LambdaCDM model. Thesecond showing that the Lambda CDM model has very unusual curve that would require tremendous changesof energy and force in the universe inexplicably. This paper predicts an attenuation constant of about 3.14, for whatever causes the attenuation of the redshift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[67] ai.viXra.org:2505.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-16 23:38:31
Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: Written in English, 1 page, no figure.
We propose a new perspective in which gravitational fields arise not from conventional matter-energy sources, but from topologically structured configurations of light. In this preliminary investigation, we consider the possibility that optical knots—topologically nontrivial ray configurations—can induce curvature in space-time in a manner analogous to how energy-momentum sources enter Einstein’s field equations. Drawing inspiration from knotted electromagnetic fields such as Hopfions, and guided by insights from Abelian Chern—Simons theory in (2+1) dimensions, we outline a research program aimed at understanding whether knotted ray bundles may serve as effective sources of gravity. While no detailed model is presented here, we motivate the idea that the gravitational field might not be fundamental, but rather a topological byproduct of self-organized light configurations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[66] ai.viXra.org:2505.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-17 03:10:52
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 3 Pages.
Causality in this framework is preserved not through continuous spacetime curvature, but through the structure and finite interaction speed of the discrete spinning medium. Every interaction—gravitational or electromagnetic—is constrained by the speed of propagation of angular momentum changes through the Planck and Kaluza spheres, which is limited by the speed of light. This guarantees that no effect can precede its cause and that no signal can travel faster than light, maintaining causal order in all frames. Frame dragging, a hallmark of general relativity near rotating massive bodies, appears in this theory not through geometric warping, but as a mechanical effect. Objects embedded in the rotating medium are locally entrained by the collective spin state of nearby spheres. As such, the rotation of the universe sets a preferred frame in which matter and light propagate, while still preventing causality violations such as closed timelike curves. Importantly, this model avoids the problematic notion of point particles. All particles are instead modeled as extended configurations of rotational defects or density variations within the spinning granular lattice. This naturally regularizes quantities like charge and mass at the Planck scale and removes the infinities encountered in point-based field theories. The discreteness of the medium does not break general relativistic behavior—it replaces it with a mechanism. Gravitational and inertial effects arise as emergent phenomena from directional biases in angular momentum exchange. This approach aligns with the spirit of emergent gravity theories, offering a concrete physical substrate instead of a purely thermodynamic or information-theoretic one.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[65] ai.viXra.org:2505.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-17 03:08:57
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper compares the predictions of the Sempiternal Spinning Sphere Theory to the standard Tolman surface brightness relation within the redshift range 0.01 < z < 4. The Sempiternal model posits that redshift arises from radial light propagation through a rotating structured medium, eliminating the need for cosmic expansion or inflation. A revised surface brightness equation is proposed, derived from the exponential geometry of a rotating medium, and its predictions are compared directly with observational data from Lubin & Sandage (2001). Results show strong alignment with empirical measurements, supporting the theory as a viable alternative to the expanding universe paradigm.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[64] ai.viXra.org:2505.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-15 16:43:11
Authors: Steven Coker
Comments: 8 Pages.
This paper proposes a structural thermodynamic model for the origin, evolution, and reset of the universe based entirely on existing physical laws, with no new particles, forces, or speculative mechanisms. The model avoids the singularity problem by enforcing lawful compression limits, honors the Second Law of Thermodynamics throughout all phases, and reframes the universe as a closed, lawful system governed by structural inevitability.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[63] ai.viXra.org:2505.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-14 20:58:50
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 313 Pages.
This book is a version that integrates the Virtual Spacetime Physics with Fluid Cosmology. Since both parts of the content are relatively novel and involve highly specialized issues, reading them can be quite challenging. Fortunately, with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, when writing this work, my original intention was to create content tailored for AI programs, such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and others. Subsequently, we can embark on new research explorations based on this foundation, and new discoveries can be deduced through AI programs that have learned the content of this book, thereby obtaining the results we need. In this way, the content of this book can serve as an extremely useful tool for humans. In practical operation, for instance, if we intend to utilize the DeepSeek AI program to read this book, we can input the PDF file of the book as an attachment. Then, DeepSeek will learn and master the content of the book. Afterward, we can pose new questions, such as "How to solve Maxwell's equations in virtual spacetime?" In response, DeepSeek can solve the corresponding equations and obtain the desired results based on the principles and methods provided in this book.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[62] ai.viXra.org:2505.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-14 22:42:49
Authors: Lukas A. Sosna
Comments: 52 Pages. Distributed under CC-BY 4.0
Scale-Relativistic Adaptive Gravity (SRAG) reconceptualizes gravity: not a fixed force, but an adaptive interaction dynamically tuned by a system's quantum coherence, quantified by its Normalized Quantum Coherence Capacity, λ. From 153 SPARC galaxies, we empirically forge the Coherence-Scaling Law (CSL): λ=0.085(1010M⊙ Mbar )−0.42(fgas )0.61(108M⊙ kpc−2Σ )−0.29. This law directly translates observable baryonic structure (Mbar , fgas , Σ) into λ, enabling SRAG to predict galaxy rotation curves (⟨RMSE⟩=11.3±1.3 km/s for 81 galaxies) with zero per-galaxy free parameters—rivaling dark matter models. Crucially, SRAG forecasts unique, host-dependent gravitational wave phase shifts, opening a novel observational test that unifies quantum information principles with astrophysical phenomena.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[61] ai.viXra.org:2505.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-13 02:30:28
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 6 Pages.
This article explores the new Maxwell equations obtained after introducing gravitational field corrections. To verify the correctness of the equation after the general relativity corrections, we conducted specific calculations using observational data from PSR J0437-4715. From the calculation results, the outcomes after the general relativity corrections are fairly consistent with the actual observed data, which can well explain the anomaly of the magnetic field surrounding PSR J0437-4715.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[60] ai.viXra.org:2505.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-12 21:00:02
Authors: William H.J. Field
Comments: 14 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
A 7D spacetime model is proposed to unify particle physics and cosmology, offering a simpler alternative to string theory’s 10 dimensions by using three dimensions (e, u, v) to directly encode particle properties.The dimensions x, y, z, t, e, u, v describe lepton and quark generational energies (e), stability (u), and confinement (v), offering a unified framework for cosmological phenomena. The model predicts a 5% decay asymmetry in muon neutrinos (pT skew), a quark-gluon plasma transition at 180 MeV, and 0.01% shifts in gravitational wave signatures, all verifiable through experimental observations consistent with 7D geometry. Dark matter originates from transient vacuum fluctuations in the u, v, and e dimensions, producing particles like u-v (∼ 0.42 GeV), e-t (∼ 0.0035 GeV), e-u-v (∼ 0.085 GeV), and e-u (∼ 0.070 GeV), clustering in halos with ρm ≈ 2.3×10−27 kg/m3. Dark energy emerges from a diffuse ex soliton at ∼ 1.32 × 10−5 GeV, driving expansion at ρDE ≈ 7 × 10−27 kg/m3, both sourced by vacuum fluctuations in the 7D framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[59] ai.viXra.org:2505.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-12 20:55:27
Authors: Evert van Brummelen
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
This paper presents a concise critique of the three dominant frameworks in modern physics: General Relativity (GR), Quantum Mechanics (QM), and the Standard Model (SM). By examining their treatment of space and time, it argues that all three theories share a fatal foundational flaw: they use space and time as unexamined backgrounds or containers, never accounting for their ontological origin. This oversight ensures that these theories remain incomplete and ultimately incompatible. The paper follows a structured, question-based format to progressively reveal this deep structural problem, setting the stage for a new paradigm in fundamental physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[58] ai.viXra.org:2505.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-11 11:33:15
Authors: Anton Kleschev Alevtinowitch
Comments: 22 Pages.
This paper introduces a model wherein physical reality originates from the Fractalo-Resonant Ocean of Lumina (FROL) — a non-local framework describing matter, energy, physical laws, and subjective experience as instantaneous resonance patterns. The proposed formalism utilizes methods from multifractal analysis, nonlinear dynamics, operator theory, and statistical physics. We explore the implications for cosmology (including black holes, dark matter, and dark energy), the nature of experience, and potential avenues for experimental verification.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[57] ai.viXra.org:2505.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-11 19:19:23
Authors: Alexandre de Cerqueira Santos
Comments: 15 Pages.
This paper proposes a field-theoretic model to explain the low-entropy state of the early universe and the unexpectedly early appearance of structured galaxies. Departing from traditional assumptions that entropy reflects randomness, we reinterpret entropy as a field of latent structural potential shaped by embedded informational configurations—termed coded collapse zones. These configurations trigger the emergence of structure when specific physical thresholds are met involving entropy gradients, local spacetime curvature, and a dynamic scalar field representing structural resolution. Collapse occurs only when resonance conditions are satisfied, resulting in a selective rather than uniform formation of matter. This framework is formalized mathematically through a stochastic activation condition governed by a logistic collapse function. Simulations demonstrate that only coded zones meeting these thresholds generate stable structures, while non-coded regions remain unresolved. The model provides a falsifiable explanation for early high-metallicity galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope and reframes the cosmological entropy problem as one of pre-encoded informational tension rather than thermodynamic improbability.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[56] ai.viXra.org:2505.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-08 21:52:24
Authors: Evert van Brummelen
Comments: 5 Pages.
We explore the ontological status of time in a matterless, energyless vacuum described by the Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equations. Beginning from first principles and systematically removing all sources of energy and matter, we ask what remains of the universe and whether time still exists. Through a sequence of logical and geometric considerations, we arrive at a foundational axiom: time is not an external dimension but is instead the manifestation of change in configuration. This leads to the conclusion that in a vacuum defined purely by geometric curvature, time is identical to the act of change itself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[55] ai.viXra.org:2505.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-09 01:47:38
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 9 Pages.
Based on the covariant form of general relativity, this paper systematically studies the correction effect of gravitational field on classical electromagnetic theory. By introducing the Newtonian gravitational potential Φ, we derive the modified Maxwell's equations and the electromagnetic wave propagation equation, revealing the coupling mechanism between the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field. The results show that under the weak field approximation, the charge density, current density and electromagnetic field equations need to introduce (1±Φ/c²) relativistic correction factors. The electromagnetic wave correction equation obtained in this paper clearly characterizes the three core effects of gravitational time dilation (time derivative correction term), spatial bending (coupled gradient term), and local variation of the speed of light. These theoretical predictions are strictly self-consistent with the general theory of relativity, which perfectly explains the classical phenomena such as gravitational redshift and light deflection, and are consistent with the results of precise experiments such as Shapiro time delay. The modified theoretical framework established in this study provides an important theoretical basis for the frontier fields such as pulsar timing and black hole accretion disk radiation propagation, and points out the direction for the development of high-order correction theory in strong field regions and the unified theory of gravity-quantum electromagnetism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[54] ai.viXra.org:2505.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-07 17:42:34
Authors: Xavier J. Régent
Comments: 32 Pages. Work released under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License. Free to share and adapt with proper credit to the author.
Unified quantum-gravity theory based on external causal space and scale-coupled geometry. Predicts CMB anomalies, galaxy rotation curves, spectral shifts, and cosmic acceleration without dark energy. Includes metageometric formalism, dipole repulsor mechanism, and multi-temporal khron structures.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[53] ai.viXra.org:2505.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-05 22:14:49
Authors: A. A. Benaglia
Comments: 163 Pages.
We present the Vibrational Time Theory (VTT) as a novel framework in theoretical physics that models time as an emergent vibrational frequency. In this view, time is not a geometric dimension, nor an external parameter, but a scalar field generated by localized vibrational states in spacetime. This approach offers a complementary description to General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Mechanics (QM), preserving their observational successes while addressing the conceptual gap regarding the origin and nature of time.VTT introduces a scalar vibrational field that couples to energy density and gravitational curvature, resulting in measurable consequences. A key result is the theoretical unification of light and gravity through time’s vibrational dynamics, offering a testable mechanism for redshift, time dilation, and gravitational lensing. The extended formulation of VTT (included in this work) develops covariant vibrational field equations, vibrational curvature tensors, and energy-momentum coupling. It predicts spectral shifts in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), coherence loss in atomic clocks under gravitational stress, and observable deviations in strong-lensing regimes, without the need for free parameters or dark energy assumptions.The appendix section (A—H) supports the theory with rigorous mathematical derivations, computational simulations, and observational comparisons. In particular, Appendix H.15 presents results from simulated GRB signals processed through the vibrational curvature framework, showing excellent agreement with real observational data from Fermi-LAT and Swift-XRT, even in extreme redshift regimes. These results are obtained without tuning, reinforcing the falsifiability and predictiveness of the theory.Unlike string theory, which is elegant but lacks current observational tests, and unlike GR, which geometrizes time but leaves it undefined ontologically, VTT proposes a physically grounded and mathematically structured emergence of time that is both testable and cosmologically relevant. The theory is consistent with Popper’s criterion of falsifiability and can be experimentally challenged through atomic clock tests, GRB spectral analysis, and high-resolution lensing surveys. We conclude that VTT opens a viable path toward reconciling gravity, quantum fields, and cosmology through the vibrational nature of time. It invites further study and critical examination by the scientific community, both for its foundational implications and its potential alignment with future astrophysical observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[52] ai.viXra.org:2505.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-05 15:13:36
Authors: Evert van Brummelen
Comments: 3 Pages.
We propose a foundational framework in which the Universe, emerging from Nothing, necessarily expresses duality at every dimensional level. Through a formal sequence of dimensional closure, we demonstrate that no isolated point can exist; every structure—beginning from the first emergence—divides into complementary inner and outer aspects. This principle resolves the origin of the dual positive/negative phenomenon, not as an arbitrary symmetry but as a necessary consequence of closure itself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[51] ai.viXra.org:2505.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-05 22:03:56
Authors: Steven Coker
Comments: 15 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This paper proposes a structural thermodynamic model for the origin, evolution, and recurrence of the universe based entirely on existing physical laws, with no new particles, forces, or speculative mechanisms. The model begins not with a singularity or explosive event, but with Perfect Stillness: a state of complete gravitational collapse, maximum entropy, and uniform energy without structure, motion, or time. In this state, entropy has no further gradient to act upon, and time ceases to exist. Compression continues until it reaches a geometric and thermodynamic boundary, an irreducible one-dimensional object (a string) capable of encoding energy as tension but incapable of further collapse. This string forms not by force, but by necessity, as no physical structure can exist below one dimension. The formation of one-dimensional tension marks the return of structure, the emergence of time, and the beginning of a new cycle. Expansion follows, governed by thermodynamic asymmetry, leading to the formation of matter, space, and motion. Over cosmic time, entropy progresses again toward completion, dissolving structure until stillness is reattained and the cycle repeats. The model resolves the singularity problem in general relativity, honors the Second Law of Thermodynamics throughout all phases, and reframes the universe as a closed, lawful system governed by structural inevitability.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[50] ai.viXra.org:2505.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-05 01:29:09
Authors: Dale Wahl
Comments: 75 Pages.
Expanding-Contracted-Space Theory (ECST) is a single-scalar alternative to ΛCDM + Standard-Model Yukawas. A sextic potential for the contraction-scalar �� converts local electromagnetic energy into real spatial densification; the same field supplies (i) solarsystem—strength gravity when �� − 1 ∼ 10−8, (ii) a density-gradient "elastic boost" that fits Milky-Way, Andromeda and M 87 rotation curves without dark matter, (iii) finite eventhorizon radii identical to those imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope, and (iv) an extra 10 % photon red-shift that reproduces the Type-Ia Hubble tension without Λ. Radial solitons of �� yield the electron, muon and tau masses to 0.02 % with a single parameter. A fourth excitation near 17 GeV and a chameleon fifth-force in high vacuum provide near-term experimental falsifiers. We present the covariant action, field equations and all current χ² tests spanning 10³u207b¹u2078 m to 10²u2076 m. Moreover, ECST naturally predicts a few-hundred-µeV Lamb-shift correction in muonic hydrogen—equivalent to the ~0.04 fm proton radius discrepancy—using only the same scalar parameters fixed by lepton masses and solarsystem gravity tests.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[49] ai.viXra.org:2505.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-04 01:19:37
Authors: Jianchao Hou
Comments: 16 Pages. In Chinese
This paper proposes a novel unified physical theory, the Xuan-Liang theory, which resolves three major challenges in modern physics through geometric-topological unification: (1) Dark matter effects originate from velocity-curvature topological coupling; (2) Cosmic inflation and late-time accelerated expansion are unified via dynamic Euler characteristic evolution; (3) The black hole information paradox is resolved through holographic Xuan-Liang flux quantization. Compared to string theory (28+ parameters) and loop quantum gravity (complex discrete geometry), this theory requires only three fundamental constants to achieve mathematical simplicity ((sim)1/10 complexity) and experimental verifiability (explicit predictions for gravitational wave polarization modifications), providing a potential framework for next-generation physical paradigms.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[48] ai.viXra.org:2505.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-04 01:15:03
Authors: Guillaume Fremy
Comments: 3 Pages.
This paper proposes a novel theoretical and empirical foundation for the emergence of time based on a simple yet powerful mathematical relationship: ( t = frac{d}{sqrt{E}} ). The hypothesis suggests that time arises as a measurable effect from the mobilization of energy across a spatial distance. This formulation has been tested across a wide range of physical systems, from photons and atoms to macroscopic bodies and planetary motion. The results demonstrate remarkable consistency, suggesting this relation may represent a fundamental axiom in the understanding of time. Furthermore, the behavior of this formula near gravitational singularities aligns with known characteristics of black holes, where time tends toward zero as energy density increases.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[47] ai.viXra.org:2505.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-04 01:01:32
Authors: Douglas Santana da Silva
Comments: 3 Pages.
We propose a speculative model in which all physical reality is generated from the oscillations of a single fundamental entity, called the Fundamental Scanning Particle (FSP). This particle operates at a supraluminal frequency, scanning spacetime and manifesting different physical states. The model aims to integrate conceptsfrom quantum physics, relativity, and information theory, offering a new perspective on the structure of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[46] ai.viXra.org:2505.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-04 00:55:23
Authors: Alexandre de Cerqueira Santos
Comments: 18 Pages.
This paper presents a novel framework for interpreting dark matter and dark energy not as exotic substances, but as emergent consequences of entropy, information, and geometric structure in spacetime. We propose that dark matter is the residual gravitational curvature resulting from entropy collapse during structure formation and dissolution—an informational memory embedded in spacetime rather than an undetected particle. Similarly, cosmic expansion is reframed as a computational adaptation: space grows to accommodate continued entropy resolution and structural complexity. Drawing from the Cosmic Dark Ages as a precedent for gravitational mass without luminosity, we argue that much of the so-called dark sector is the continuation of unstructured or post-structured phases of matter. This model yields distinct observational predictions, including asymmetric halos, gravitational lensing without mass, and persistent null results in direct detection experiments. By uniting thermodynamics, general relativity, and information theory, the paper offers a conservative, testable, and logically coherent alternative to prevailing ΛCDM models—one in which the universe is understood not as a system in decay, but as a structure-resolving engine still unfolding.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[45] ai.viXra.org:2505.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-02 23:46:08
Authors: Simon Gravetci
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This article presents a speculative yet structured hypothesis that time is not a fundamental dimension, but rather an emergent phenomenon generated by the accelerated expansion of the universe. The observed cosmic acceleration, typically attributed to dark energy, is reinterpreted here as the driving force behind the dynamic generation of time’s perception and structure. We examine the theoretical underpinnings of this idea and outline potential paths for observational and experimental validation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[44] ai.viXra.org:2505.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-02 16:46:40
Authors: Tarou Uchiyama
Comments: 8 Pages.
We propose a new theoretical model in which time is not merely a parameter but a dynamic force capable of shaping the structure of space. By introducing the concept of temporal energy density, we define a temporal force F_t = -frac{dho_t(t)}{dt} that governs the expansion or compression of space through a scale factor a(t) propto ho_t(t)^beta. This framework suggests that spacetime arises from the internal dynamics of time itself, offering a unified approach to interpret cosmological expansion, black hole structure, and early universe conditions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[43] ai.viXra.org:2505.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-01 21:12:51
Authors: Duhee Han
Comments: 7 Pages.
This paper proposes that mass causes both gravity and expansion through a gravitomagnetic effect. The relation Gm=c²s links mass to space, accurately predicting cosmic scale and suggesting a unified origin of expansion and structure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[42] ai.viXra.org:2505.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-01 01:14:50
Authors: Alessandro Guardini
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
This theory proposes that consciousness is not a byproduct of matter, but a fundamental force of the universe, as primordial as gravity. It exists as non-local information within the quantum vacuum. When informational consciousness is compressed inside black holes, it interacts with the Higgs Field, transforming into mass and triggering the expansion of new universes. This document presents the theoretical framework, symbolic formulation, and philosophical implications of this cosmological model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[58] ai.viXra.org:2602.0103 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-28 23:42:37
Authors: Steven B. Thompson
Comments: 8 Pages.
We propose a minimal dynamical framework for the origin of the universe in which absolute non-existence—a state with no spacetime, matter, fields, or classical time—is intrinsically unstable under quantum-mechanical and gravitational principles. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle, applied to gravitational degrees of freedom, precludes a static null configuration: non-existence has "nowhere to go" but to collapse into itself, producing an effective Planck-scale density regime that undergoes a nonsingular quantum-gravitational transition. This collapse-driven process bootstraps the emergence of classical spacetime and the arrow of time, requiring no external causes, pre-existing substrates, boundary conditions, or auxiliary fields.Quantum gravity emerges here not as an imposed extension but as the inherent dynamicalstructure governing the instability and resolution. The mechanism refines and complements established proposals—such as Vilenkin’s quantum tunneling from nothing, the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary wavefunction, and recent developments in loop quantum cosmology bounces and quadratic gravity—by providing a purely mechanical interpretation that replaces probabilistic nucleation or Euclidean continuation with an intrinsic collapse bootstrap. It aligns with ongoingrefinements of no-boundary states, curvature bounces, and geometric "from nothing" models inthe 2025—2026 literature.This framework offers a parsimonious dynamical resolution to the question of why thereis something rather than nothing, transforming it into a consequence of quantum gravity’sstructure. Potential observational implications include consistency with cosmic microwave back-ground data and distinguishable signatures in primordial gravitational waves or large-scale structure that may differentiate collapse-initiated emergence from conventional inflationary scenarios.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[57] ai.viXra.org:2602.0013 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-05 03:11:28
Authors: Priyanshu Rauth
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper explores the idea that spacetime may possess a minimal time interval that depends on gravitational redshift and curvature. Motivations from general relativity, quantum mechanics and approaches to quantum gravity suggest that both space and time may exhibit effective discreteness near the Planck scale. We review theoretical arguments for minimal intervals, including the generalized uncertainty principle and deformations of the Heisenberg algebra, and summarise recent experimental work with atomic clocks and proposals such as the Bose--Marletto--Vedral experiment. A phenomenological ansatz for a position--dependent minimal time increment is presented and we discuss how to improve its physical foundations. The aim is not to propose a theory of everything but to offer a conservative, focused framework that could guide future experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[56] ai.viXra.org:2601.0112 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-25 02:23:01
Authors: Eliyah Kilada
Comments: 12 Pages.
This paper proposes two complementary experimental configurations to test the independence of the one-way speed of light from source motion—a cornerstone of Special Relativity’s second postulate. While foundational, earlier literature methods were constrained by round-trip averaging, material interactions triggering extinction resets, re-emission biases from mirrors and slits, quantum ambiguities from subatomic sources, range and resolution of interferometer, and the inability to directly isolate one-way source dependence without synchronization assumptions. A key innovation is a differential measurement method using stationary detector arrays that eliminates the need for absolute clock synchronization,addressing a persistent issue in traditional one-way speed tests by avoiding any one-way synchronization circularity. Configuration A uses an accelerating macroscopic transmitter in vacuum with two stationary detectors, measuring how the arrival-time differential (∆t) varies with source velocity. Because both detectors remain at rest relative to each other, anysynchronization offset is a static constant that cancels out when measuring changes in ∆t—we never need to know the "absolute" time at eitherdetector, only how their relative measurements shift with source motion. Configuration B inverts this approach: a stationary light source with accelerating detector arrays, eliminating ambiguities about light emission in moving frames while maintaining the synchronization-free differential advantage. The designs avoid extinction concerns entirely by using dualdirect-emission sources without intervening media, slits, or reflections, ensuring propagation occurs solely in ultra-high vacuum (UHV, 10−9 Torr). By presenting both configurations—one with an accelerating source and stationary detectors (Config A), the other with a stationary source and accelerating detectors (Config B)—we provide complementary paths to testing the second postulate, sidestepping potential ambiguities relatedto light emission or propagation in moving frames. Modern femtosecond timing and ultra-high vacuum technology, along with cost-effectivecomponents like off-the-shelf lasers and acceleration systems, make theseexperiments feasible at a lab scale, with estimated costs under $300k.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[55] ai.viXra.org:2601.0112 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-31 07:43:18
Authors: Eliyah Kilada
Comments: 6 Pages.
This paper proposes two complementary experimental configurations to rigorously test the independence of the one-way speed of light from source motion—a cornerstone of Special Relativity's second postulate. The key innovation is a differential measurement method using stationary detector arrays that eliminates the need for absolute clock synchronization, a persistent philosophical problem in traditional one-way speed tests.Configuration A uses an accelerating macroscopic transmitter in vacuum with two stationary detectors, measuring how the arrival-time differential (Δt) varies with source velocity. Because both detectors remain at rest relative to each other, any synchronization offset is a static constant that cancels out when measuring changes in Δt —we never need to know the "absolute" time at either detector, only how their relative measurements shift with source motion. Configuration B inverts this approach: a stationary light source with accelerating detector arrays, eliminating ambiguities about light emission in moving frames while maintaining the synchronization-free differential advantage.Critically, we examine the Ewald-Oseen extinction theorem's applicability to the emission process itself (rather than merely propagation through media), revealing that this commonly-cited objection may be overstated. By presenting both configurations, we provide a path to definitive testing regardless of how extinction applies at the emission level. Modern femtosecond timing and ultra-high vacuum technology make these experiments feasible.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[54] ai.viXra.org:2601.0107 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-27 19:29:12
Authors: Rüdiger Giesel
Comments: 9 Pages.
We present a conceptual framework in which the octonionic division algebra is taken asa pre-geometric fundamental structure. We demonstrate that the intrinsic non-associativityof the octonions excludes the existence of a fundamental global time and enforces a symmetry reduction in order to admit physically interpretable dynamics. This reduction occursthrough an algebraically singular transition, naturally interpreted as a Big-Bang—like origin.Four-dimensional spacetime emerges as a stable associative subalgebra, while cosmologicalexpansion arises as a necessary consequence of residual non-associative degrees of freedom.The framework is mathematically consistent but remains speculative and currently lacksexperimental support
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[53] ai.viXra.org:2601.0086 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-23 20:11:25
Authors: Leon Barbour
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references!)
Building on the causal-mechanical foundations established in the preceding works, this paper incorporates breakthrough 2026 observational data to resolve the Hubble Tension and the "Impossible Early Galaxy" crisis. It reinterprets black holes as homeostatic feedback valves (VPD) and identifies cosmic voids as fossilized records of wave rebound. By treating expansion as a local volumetric flux surge, this framework provides a forensic resolution to current cosmological anomalies without requiring dark energy or modified gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[52] ai.viXra.org:2601.0085 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-23 20:12:05
Authors: Leon Barbour
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references!)
This paper extends the causal-mechanical framework established in Paper 1 by applying its timeless structural principles to the emergence of cosmological phenomena. Using the symbolic system built on �� (fundamental causal magnitude), �� (causal density), and ∇ (structural gradient), the paper demonstrates how large-scale structure, apparent expansion, and energy-like behaviour arise from purely structural relationships. No temporal evolution is required; cosmological features emerge from invariant causal configurations governed by structural constraints. This approach provides a logically consistent alternative to time-dependent cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[51] ai.viXra.org:2601.0082 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-23 20:11:44
Authors: Leon Barbour
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references!)
This paper presents a causal-mechanical reconstruction of cosmological structure that operates without reference to time as a fundamental variable. Instead of temporal evolution, the framework relies on structural relationships between causal primitives, expressed through a symbolic system built on �� (fundamental causal magnitude), ∇ (structural gradient), and �� (causal density). These quantities define a timeless mechanical architecture in which structure emerges from invariant causal relationships rather than dynamical histories. This work refines the conceptual foundation for a broader trilogy exploring the consequences of a timeless, wave-driven universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[50] ai.viXra.org:2601.0074 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-22 01:55:50
Authors: Binyamin Tsadik Bair Moshe
Comments: 20 Pages.
We propose that the discrepancy between local and high-redshift measurements of the Hubble Constant (H0) is resolved by the Cosmological Lensing Effect: an overlooked optical consequence of the local Large Scale Structure (LSS).By applying a relativistic refractive treatment to photon propagation through the local gravitational potential, we identify a frequency-dependent dispersion term required by the Equivalence Principle but neglected in the standard achromatic FLRW approximation. We demonstrate that a refractive index scaling as the cube root of frequency (alpha = 1/3) naturally reconciles the Pantheon+ Type Ia Supernova data with the Planck CMB acoustic scale.A joint likelihood analysis yields a best-fit background expansion of H0 = 67.53 ± 0.01 km/s/Mpc (stat.) with a total chi-squared statistically indistinguishable from the global unconstrained minimum.This effect reproduces the apparent acceleration of the universe as a chromatic lensing artifact, resolving the Hubble Tension without requiring a deviation from the standard high-redshift background expansion or the introduction of dark energy. Furthermore, the refractive efficiency of this gradient is sufficient to reproduce the observed magnitude-redshift relation using a purely baryonic mass budget (~1.8 x 10^76 protons); this effectively removes the local requirement for Dark Matter, which would otherwise induce excessive lensing magnification.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[49] ai.viXra.org:2601.0059 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-20 13:40:16
Authors: Pruk Ninsook
Comments: 25 Pages.
The standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) faces persistent challenges from the Hu2080 and Su2088 tensions, alongside anomalies in early galaxy formation. In this work, we present a first-principles derivation of Information-Geometric Spacetime (IGS) dynamics within a unified action framework incorporating holographic backreaction. Treating the universe as an open quantum system in the Schwinger—Keldysh (in-in) formalism, we derive an effective temporal constitutive relation in which the conventional time evolution is replaced by a state-dependent phase response, suppressed by entanglement entropy. This deformation manifests as a modified time—energy commutation structure governed by an information-geometric coupling β. We show that β is not a phenomenological parameter, but a universal geometric quantity fixed by the causal-diamond structure in (3+1) dimensions, yielding β ≈ 0.1837. The resulting dynamics imply an emergent information-induced friction and a redshift-dependent effective cosmological constant, leading to a percent level suppression of late-time structure growth and providing a unified explanation of the Su2088 tension and early massive galaxy formation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[48] ai.viXra.org:2601.0010 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-15 01:21:14
Authors: Ryuhei Sato
Comments: 10 Pages. v1.1
We derive the gravitational constant G and the cosmological constant Λ from first principles,requiring zero adjustable parameters, by analyzing the geometric frustration inherent in 600-celltessellation of four-dimensional space. When five regular tetrahedra meet at a shared edge, theyfail to close by a deficit angle δ ≈ 7.36◦, generating intrinsic curvature without requiring external embedding dimensions. Combining Israel junction conditions with Regge calculus, we obtainG = 6.60 × 10−11 m3/(kg·s2), achieving 1.1% agreement with the observed value—a precisionunprecedented for parameter-free derivations. We introduce the concept of informational Paulirepulsion—the inevitable information collision during dimensional reduction from infinite to threedimensions—which serves as the physical driver of cosmic expansion and will be detailed in PartII as the origin of dark energy. The 122-order-of-magnitude discrepancy between quantum fieldtheory’s vacuum energy prediction (∼ 10113 J/m3) and observation (∼ 10−9 J/m3) is resolved towithin a factor of two via holographic screening: a global information overlap factor Ωglobal ∼ 10122suppresses the bare frustration energy. This geometric framework establishes the foundation for Part II’s derivation of the Light-Speed Resource Allocation Principle (LRAP) and the reinterpretation of black hole singularities as computational arrest zones, culminating in Part III’s proof that six-fold hierarchical jamming transitions are arithmetically necessary to maintain thermodynamic stability.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[47] ai.viXra.org:2512.0082 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-27 22:38:10
Authors: Christopher C. O'Neill
Comments: 8 Pages.
We summarize a minimal "surface-tension gravity" model in which (i) a spherically symmetric compression factor C(r) of a space-like medium controls an intrinsic wave speed v(r) for light-like propagation, (ii) local clock rates adjust inversely with v(r) so that measured light speed remains c, and (iii) compression implies density and pressure variations governed by a bulk modulus K. A single GPS gravitational time-dilation datum is used to fix the compression profile parameter α in C(r) = 1+α/r. A coupling constant σ is introduced to fit K so that the model reproduces g ≈ 9.8 m/s2 at Earth’s surface. The resulting model predicts the correct 1/r2 scaling of g(r) and yields a parameter-free prediction for the gravitational time-dilation offset at ISS altitude. In later work we promote C(r) to an effective metric with reciprocal time/space scaling; this is required for correct leading-order light-propagation tests (deflection, Shapiro delay), while leaving the GPS clock-ratio calibration unchanged.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[46] ai.viXra.org:2512.0054 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-18 21:44:24
Authors: Emil Ivanov Parashkevov
Comments: 842 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and listed scientific references)
This paper proposes an extension of General Relativity by replacing the standard isotropic Riemannian manifold with a Generalized Finsler Geometry of fractional dimension $D = 3 + epsilon$. We argue that the isotropic nature of standard General Relativity is not complete when describing the stability of localized energy densities. By introducing an anisotropic Finsler metric, we demonstrate that Intrinsic Spin and Rest Mass arise naturally as geometric necessities of the spacetime manifold itself, rather than external quantum parameters. Founded on the Principle of the Holistic Quantum State, this framework extends the domain of quantum coherence to macroscopic and cosmological scales, suggesting that the universe operates as a single, self-contained quantum object. Within this geometric framework, we show derivation of the Dirac Equation as the boundary limit of a null-geometry wave propagating through a Finslerian vacuum, effectively unifying the descriptions of fermions and spacetime curvature. We define Mass topologically as the Winding Number ($k_epsilon$) of a wave function knotted within the fractional $epsilon$-dimension. We derive a universal scaling law, $epsilon propto M^{0.38}$, which links the geometric thickness of the vacuum to the mass of the topological defect. When applied to the Standard Model, this law reveals that fundamental particles correspond to quantized geometric harmonics: Leptons and Hadrons map to discrete integer or half-integer winding numbers (e.g., Electron $k=1$, Muon $k approx 1564.5$, Proton $k approx 32,483$).Confinement is explained as a topological constraint where half-integer "open strings" (quarks) must combine to form integer "closed loops" (baryons) to maintain geometric stability. This work offers a consistent Topological Geometrodynamics, resolving the Wave-Particle Duality paradox by identifying "Particles" as closed topological knots and "Waves" as open geometric twists within a dynamic, anisotropic vacuum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[45] ai.viXra.org:2512.0029 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-09 05:14:43
Authors: Heath Mahaffey
Comments: 5 Pages.
We present a holographic cosmological framework in which cosmic expansion emerges as the geometric response to informational actualization on the apparent horizon. Applying the first law of thermodynamics to the Hubble sphere, we derive a modified expansion law coupled to the linear growth factor of density perturbations, D(z). This coupling introduces a redshift- dependent informational pressure that naturally resolves the Hubble tension: consistency with Planck CMB measurements (Hu2080 = 67.4 ± 0.5 km/s/Mpc) is maintained at early times, while late-time structure formation drives local expansion to Hu2080 ≈ 73.2 km/s/Mpc, reconciling SH0ES and JWST observations. Combined fits to Planck, SH0ES, JWST/TRGB, and DESI DR2 data yield χ²_IAM = 12.43 versus χ²_ΛCDM = 72.01 (Δχ² = 59.58), providing 5.7σ evidence favoring the Informational Actualization Model. This framework also provides a physics-motivated mechanism for the cosmological arrow of time and predicts testable deviations in growth rate evolution measurable by upcoming surveys (Euclid, Rubin-LSST). All validation code is publicly available and independently reproducible in under 1 minute: https://github.com/hmahaffeyges/IAM-Validation This work builds upon preliminary results presented in Mahaffey (2025, viXra: 2512.0029), incorporating refined statistical methodology, updated DESI DR2 data, and full computational reproducibility.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[44] ai.viXra.org:2511.0087 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-13 23:47:46
Authors: Zhong Wang
Comments: 9 Pages.
The cosmological constant (Λ) is the cornerstone of the standard ΛCDM model, but the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has found evidence for dynamical dark energy that challenges this paradigm. Here, we propose a radical resolution based on the first principle of "Physical Information," which underpins a new cosmological paradigm wherein the universe's contents arise through recursive phase transitions. We show that dark energy is the untransitioned remnant of the primordial positive energy field—a fossil from cosmic genesis. This ontology, with its fixed total energy and intrinsic decay (ρ_{DE} ∝ a^{-n}), naturally yields dynamical behavior in which the equation of state w(z) evolves and crosses the phantom divide (w = -1), providing a first-principled account for the quintom-like behavior reported by DESI. Moreover, it resolves the cosmological constant problem through a causal isolation mechanism rooted in the multi-sector geometry of the universe. This work transforms dark energy from a mathematical puzzle into a physical reality, charting a new path from phenomenological fitting to first-principled ontological derivation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[43] ai.viXra.org:2511.0034 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-24 20:51:22
Authors: Fedor Kapitanov
Comments: 21 Pages.
We present a unified cosmological framework synthesizing three theoretical developments: Ontological Resolution Theory (ORT), discrete geometrodynamics, and topological field regularization. Observable reality is modeled as a finite "bubble" of information embedded in an infinite Absolute (Dirac sea). The bubble’s boundary—a membrane of N ∼ 10122 Planck-scale hexagonal cells—constitutes the holographic screen of the universe. A central result is the geometric defect theorem: optimal hexagonal packing necessarily produces a dodecagonal boundary with area coefficient exactly 3, yielding an irreducible defect (π − 3) ≈ 0.14159 per cell. This defect quantifies the "cost of discreteness"—the unavoidable mismatch between continuous geometry and discrete realization.From hydrodynamic equilibrium between the bubble interior and the Absolute, we derive: (1) Newton’s gravity as the stationary information flow condition; (2) the cosmological constant Λ ∼ N −1ℓ−2 P without fine-tuning; (3) alaboratory-accessible length scale ℓΛ = ℓP · N 1/4 ≈ 85 μm; (4) particle mass as the finite self-energy of topological lattice defects; (5) a geometric parametrization α−1 = π4 + 4π2 + (π − 3) ≈ 137.029 for the fine-structure constant.Black holes function as pressure-relief valves, maintaining equilibrium by processing excess information—partially returning it to the Absolute, partially re-emitting it via Hawking radiation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[42] ai.viXra.org:2511.0027 [pdf] replaced on 2025-11-12 07:36:34
Authors: E.P.J. de Haas
Comments: 20 Pages.
This paper presents the Qg rotor framework as an algorithmic bridge between Dirac algebra and gravitation. The gravitational field is expressed within the biquaternionic (Dirac) algebra, where the adjoint action of the rotor Qg on the Dirac basis generates the metric and connection directly, without introducing curvature as an external postulate. The mixed tensor M = EΦ and the Dirac current J = uM describe the coupling between matter flow and gravitational geometry, forming a complete linear set of algebraic field operators. From this structure an explicit translation algorithm is derived that reproduces the general-relativistic metric while remaining entirely within the covariant Dirac—BQ domain. Applying the constant-Lagrangian with Hubble boundary (CL-H) condition yields galactic rotation laws and MOND-type accelerations as covariant consequences of the same invariant. The result shows that gravitational and galactic dynamics can be formulated as a single, self-consistent algebraic flow within the Qg field, linking the Dirac formalism, general relativity, and MOND phenomenology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[41] ai.viXra.org:2511.0008 [pdf] replaced on 2025-11-26 07:02:13
Authors: Zhong WANG
Comments: 15 Pages.
The standard cosmological model is challenged by persistent large-scale anomalies, including the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) cold spot, baryon asymmetry, and the efficient early galaxy formation observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This paper proposes a testable "Four-Sector Universe Model" based on a novel first principle of "physical information." The model posits that our universe is one of four constituent material universes (U1-U4) stabilized in a tetrahedral configuration within a higher-dimensional spacetime. It directly predicts that the CMB sky of our universe should exhibit two cold spots, caused by repulsion from negative-energy neighbouring universes, and one hot spot, caused by gravitational attraction from a positive-energy neighbouring universe, with angular separation relations reflecting the characteristic geometry of the tetrahedron. A preliminary analysis of Planck satellite data shows a qualitative agreement between the distribution of anomalous regions and this prediction. This model provides a unified origin framework for the aforementioned puzzles and suggests that the large-scale structure of the universe may originate from its macroscopic geometric architecture.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[40] ai.viXra.org:2511.0007 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-08 21:46:03
Authors: Anđelko Đermek
Comments: 75 Pages.
This work develops a horizon-based reconstruction framework exploring whether gravitational collapse and black-hole horizon physics admit a consistent reinterpretation as the kinematic origin of an emergent cosmological spacetime. The approach is grounded in gravitational time dilation, black-hole thermodynamics, and holographic entropy bounds, and is presented as a conceptual and kinematic construction rather than a complete dynamical theory. In Schwarzschild geometry, infalling matter approaches the event horizon only asymptotically in the external time governing causal communication. This motivates an operational description in which infalling quanta are incorporated through discrete Planck-scale updates on a stretched horizon, treated as a null synchronized, information-bearing surface with finite causal throughput. Lateral lightlike adjacency enforces coherence across the horizon, while the ordered growth of the horizon provides a natural causal ordering that can be used to define an internal notion of time. A kinematic mapping is constructed from this two-dimensional, null-ordered surface to an effective three-dimensional bulk description. Tangential adjacency supplies transverse spatial structure, generational layering defines an effective radial coordinate, and global retessellation establishes temporal ordering. Under these assumptions, the reconstructed interior admits a homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann—Lemaître—Robertson—Walker envelope with coasting expansion H(t) ∼ 1/t and an internal age of order ∼ 13.4 Gyr. When the parent black hole carries angular momentum, Kerr-induced azimuthal phase gradients across the horizon encoding provide a possible geometric origin for large-scale parity-violating correlations and preferred axes. Quantum randomness is interpreted as arising from coarse-grained access to underlying boundary dynamics rather than from intrinsic indeterminism. In this framework, the event horizon is reinterpreted not as a passive geometric boundary but as an actively evolving causal encoding surface whose null-ordered structure supports an emergent interior spacetime description.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[39] ai.viXra.org:2511.0007 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-02 21:54:11
Authors: Anđelko Đermek
Comments: 93 Pages. Added mechanism for FRW interior.
This work develops horizon-layered cosmology, a causal—holographic framework that reinterprets gravitational collapse as the generative mechanism of an emergent cosmological spacetime. Extreme gravitational time dilation preventsinfalling matter from crossing the event horizon in any consistent global description; each quantum is instead absorbed through a discrete causal incorporation event that transfers one Planck unit of information—energy to the stretched hori-zon, which functions as a null-synchronized quantum code with throughput fixed by the Planck time. Its Planck-scale tessellation, approximately hexagonal with twelve required pentagonal defects, carries dipole degrees of freedom that encode mass-weight and phase information, with lateral lightlike propagation ensuring global coherence. A central result is an explicit causal map from this two-dimensional null-ordered surface to a three-dimensional bulk: tangential adjacency yields two spatialdimensions, nested generational layering provides the radial one, and global retessellation defines temporal order. This construction uniquely reproduces a homogeneous, isotropic FRW interior. Spatial curvature, matter sectors, and vacuum-like components arise from structured dipole alignments. Internal timeis the ordered sequence of incorporation events; continued accretion enlarges the horizon and drives expansion without a separate dark-energy term, giving an internal age of ∼ 13.4 Gyr and an observable Hubble domain containing abouthalf the total internal mass. If the parent black hole rotates, Kerr frame dragging imposes an azimuthal phase gradient that seeds matter—antimatter asymmetry, parity violation, anda preferred cosmic axis. The binary structure of primary dipoles supplies the geometric basis for fermionic spin and large-scale CMB and galaxy-spin alignments. Quantum randomness is epistemic, arising from coarse-grained access toa deterministic null-surface code. This framework introduces a conceptually original synthesis: the event horizon is treated not as a passive boundary but as an actively evolvingcausal code whose null layering constructs the interior FRW spacetime and its matter content.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[38] ai.viXra.org:2511.0007 [pdf] replaced on 2025-11-13 12:10:58
Authors: Anđelko Đermek
Comments: 97 Pages.
This work presents horizon-layered cosmology, a conceptual yet rigorously argued framework that reinterprets black hole collapse as the origin of an emergent cosmological spacetime. It advances a physically motivated alternative to the classical picture of collapse, replacing the singular interior with a finite, null-ordered sequence of redshift-frozen layers that accumulate causally on the event horizon. The model demonstrates that the traditional view, of matter freely crossing the horizon toward a central singularity, is inconsistent with the full implications of relativistic time dilation and causal structure. Instead, each quantum of infalling matter becomes holographically encoded through discrete causal incorporation events, rendering the horizon a dynamic information surface with finite causal throughput governed by gravitational time dilation. Lateral coherence across Planck-scale cells sustains a null-synchronized code whose internal holographic projection manifests as an expanding universe, mirroring, in every essential feature, the behavior of our own cosmological spacetime.Curvature and gravitation arise from spatial gradients in causal throughput, while baryons, dark matter, and vacuum energy correspond to distinct coherence sectors of this code. Continued incorporation drives internal expansion without the need for an external dark-energy term. The model yields an internal age of approximately 13.4 Gyr and predicts that the observable Hubble domain encloses roughly half of the total internal mass. Conceptually, the horizon functions as a null-synchronized cellular automaton: global incorporations reindex adjacency on the horizon graph, while local lateral exchanges maintain coherence, reproducing relativistic kinematics and quantum measurement as bandwidth-allocation rules within a discrete causal network. If the parent black hole rotates, Kerr frame dragging imprints an azimuthal phase gradient on the holographic code, seeding a small matter—antimatter asymmetry and a preferred cosmic axis preserved through inflation. The binary structure of Planck-scale quanta provides a geometric foundation for fermionic spin, parity violation, and large-scale alignment, linking quantum spin, baryon asymmetry, and cosmological anisotropy to a single holographic—causal origin.Linguistic refinement of this manuscript was assisted by AI; the theoretical framework and physical reasoning are original to the author.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[37] ai.viXra.org:2510.0070 [pdf] replaced on 2025-11-28 08:47:38
Authors: F. Jofer
Comments: 179 Pages.
We investigate a belt-local, operator-level equation of state (OES) as a working postulate: on any admissible belt, the boundary modular generator equals the bulk generalized-entropy operator on the associated wedge (operator JLMS). This Operator Equation of State (OES) serves as our organizing principle. Within this framework we recover the linear and quantified second-order semiclassical Einstein relations on belts with regulator stability, using a minimal kernel built from a belt first-law channel, OS positivity with flow removal, and a Brown-York / Iyer-Wald identification. A main component of this work is a cubic (third-order) verification of OES in a controlled AdS3/CFT2 shockwave setup. There we compute and compare the third variations of the two sides — boundary modular and bulk generalized entropy — using belt kernels and canonical-energy inputs, and we find numerical agreement to high precision under grid refinement and regulator removal. This pushes the holographic test beyond linear order and provides operator-level evidence that the OES is compatible with wedge dynamics at cubic order in this setting. All statements are per generator length, uniform in region size, and governed by a single belt budget that vanishes under flow removal. The construction is regulator-stable under JKM corner calibration and compatible with the dispersion/positivity constraints used elsewhere in the paper. Taken together, these results support OES as a viable candidate organizing principle for semiclassical wedge dynamics in the regimes we currently test.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[36] ai.viXra.org:2510.0059 [pdf] replaced on 2025-11-07 00:54:03
Authors: Ignacio Lesta Pelayo
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: For the last time, please cite and list scientific references)
We propose that dark energy is not an independent entity, but the cosmological manifestation of a dual physical reality: the dynamic expansion of the vacuum. Within this framework, the vacuum behaves as an active medium with a self-sustaining expansive dynamics. This continuous and fundamental process acts as the geometric cause of the universe’s accelerated expansion. Thus, vacuum expansion and gravity are conceived as complementary manifestations of a single principle. Their dual interaction explains the structure and evolution of the cosmos with ontological economy, without the need to postulate new particles or additional fields beyond General Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[35] ai.viXra.org:2509.0035 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-14 17:57:13
Authors: Matthew Warren Payne
Comments: 21 Pages.
I present a mathematically consistent extension of General Relativity that incorporates thermodynamic entropy currents as weak additional gravitational sources. Building systematically on Jacobson’s thermodynamic derivation of Einstein’s equations, I extend the framework to non-equilibrium situations where entropy varies in spacetime, naturally leading to a conserved entropy four-current $J^mu = partial^mu S$. Through detailed calculations in both AdS/CFT holographic duality and loop quantum gravity spin networks, I demonstrate that such entropy currents emerge independently from quantum gravitational effects. While the predicted modifications to gravitational dynamics are extremely small in current observational regimes—typically suppressed by factors of $10^{-20}$ to $10^{-50}$—the theoretical framework provides a foundation for potential future high-precision tests and establishes the mathematical consistency of thermodynamic approaches to quantum gravity. I present comprehensive error analysis and identify the most promising signatures for eventual observation in quantum gravity regimes or early universe cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[34] ai.viXra.org:2509.0027 [pdf] replaced on 2025-10-05 23:02:40
Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 11 Pages.
We propose that gravity, as it appears in Einstein’s general relativity, is not entirely intrinsic to a single space-time manifold but instead the emergent trace of extrinsic coupling between two CPT-symmetric manifolds. This extrinsic gravitation acts as a homeostat: a recursive balancing mechanism. Building on Hegel’s conception of sublation, Koestler’s holonic hierarchies, and von Baer’s formative centripetal force, we reinterpret the Einstein-Hilbert action as a boundary-effective theory of a deeper two-manifold interaction. Roy Frieden’s information-theoretic amplitude functions already hint at such duality, where variational principles generate coupled solutions. We propose that the CPT dual structure provides the additional degrees of freedom necessary for a coupling Lagrangian, one that employs ghost contributions such as mirrored Christoffel symbols or logarithmic determinants of paired spacetime metrics. The result is a proof of concept: the hunt for an extrinsic gravity theory is not only feasible but natural, providing a unified framework that explains the appearance of intrinsic general relativity, accommodates quantum nonlocality, and sustains homeostatic balance at both cosmic and quantum scales.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[33] ai.viXra.org:2509.0027 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-20 09:00:09
Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 11 Pages.
We propose that gravity, as it appears in Einstein’s general relativity, is not entirely intrinsic to a single space-time manifold but instead the emergent trace of extrinsic coupling between two CPT-symmetric manifolds. This extrinsic gravitation acts as a homeostat: a recursive balancing mechanism. Building on Hegel’s conception of sublation, Koestler’s holonic hierarchies, and von Baer’s formative centripetal force, we reinterpret the Einstein-Hilbert action as a boundary-effective theory of a deeper two-manifold interaction. Roy Frieden’s information-theoretic amplitude functions already hint at such duality, where variational principles generate coupled solutions. We propose that the CPT dual structure provides the additional degrees of freedom necessary for a coupling Lagrangian, one that employs ghost contributions such as mirrored Christoffel symbols or logarithmic determinants of paired spacetime metrics. The result is a proof of concept: the hunt for an extrinsic gravity theory is not only feasible but natural, providing a unified framework that explains the appearance of intrinsic general relativity, accommodates quantum nonlocality, and sustains homeostatic balance at both cosmic and quantum scales.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[32] ai.viXra.org:2509.0027 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-15 05:58:13
Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 10 Pages.
We propose that gravity, as it appears in Einstein’s general relativity, is not entirely intrinsic to a single space-time manifold but instead the emergent trace of an extrinsic coupling between two CPT-symmetric manifolds. This extrinsic gravitation acts as a homeostat: a recursive balancing mechanism. Building on Hegel’s conception of sublation, Koestler’s holonic hierarchies, and von Baer’s formative centripetal force, we reinterpret the Einstein-Hilbert action as a boundary-effective theory of a deeper two-manifold interaction. Roy Frieden’s information-theoretic amplitude functions already hint at such duality, where variational principles generate coupled solutions. We propose that the CPT dual structure provides the additional degrees of freedom necessary for a coupling Lagrangian, one that employs "ghost" contributions such as mirrored Christoffel symbols or logarithmic determinants of paired spacetime metrics. The result is a proof of concept: the hunt for an extrinsic gravity theory is not only feasible but natural, providing a unified framework that explains the appearance of intrinsic general relativity, accommodates quantum nonlocality, and sustains homeostatic balance at both cosmic and quantum scales.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[31] ai.viXra.org:2508.0039 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-16 20:35:54
Authors: Bc. Ladislav Černý
Comments: 28 Pages. This version (v2.0.0) represents a major update to the theory.
This study introduces the LiliQuant Theory, a unified and falsifiable physical model designed to address fundamental questions of consciousness. The theory postulates the existence of a fundamental complex scalar field, whose quantum excitations—LiliQuanta—form the substrate for conscious experience. Within this model, consciousness in a biological system is defined as a coherent, spatially localized configuration of this field—a non-topological soliton (LiliQ)—whose existence and stability are contingent upon the specific biochemical environment of the brain. The theory formally extends Einstein's field equations with a stress-energy tensor for the LiliQuant field (T LiQμνu200b ), providing a mechanism for the interaction between consciousness and spacetime. This framework offers explanations for a range of anomalous phenomena, including terminal lucidity, the binding problem, and phantom limb syndrome. A key component of this work is an extensive numerical analysis, which demonstrates that stable soliton solutions exist only within a narrowly defined parameter space (an "island of stability"). By systematically searching this region, we successfully identified a biologically relevant solution with a radius of ≈SI94micrometer and an energy of ≈SI1.6eV, strongly supporting the theory's core predictions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[30] ai.viXra.org:2508.0028 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-09 02:29:12
Authors: Michael D Lynes
Comments: 25 Pages. cleanup for readability
This paper introduces the NOW Hypothesis, a speculative theoretical frameworkthat integrates principles from information theory, quantum mechanics, relativity,and cosmology to describe the indestructibility, growth, and creation ofinformation in the universe. Central to the hypothesis is the concept of "NOW"as a perpetual, non-time-bound boundary where quantum superpositions of futurestates coalesce into immutable past realities through decoherence, thereby "creating"new classical information. The past is recoverable in principle, the future existsas an infinite, timeless superposition, and information grows monotonically withthe universe’s expansion. Refinements address quantum uncertainty, the universalityof decoherence across sectors (including dark energy and dark matter), andthe timeless nature of "NOW." Mathematical formalizations draw from quantuminformation theory and canonical quantum gravity, with derivational steps providedfrom first principles or established formulations. Implications span physics(e.g., resolutions to entropy paradoxes), philosophy (e.g., eternalism with dynamicemergence), and technology (e.g., quantum computing paradigms). While speculative,the hypothesis offers testable predictions via decoherence experiments andcosmological observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[29] ai.viXra.org:2508.0028 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-19 18:22:03
Authors: Michael D. Lynes
Comments: 21 Pages.
This paper introduces the NOW Hypothesis, a speculative theoretical frameworkthat integrates principles from information theory, quantum mechanics, relativity,and cosmology to describe the indestructibility, growth, and creation ofinformation in the universe. Central to the hypothesis is the concept of "NOW"as a perpetual, non-time-bound boundary where quantum superpositions of futurestates coalesce into immutable past realities through decoherence, thereby "creating"new classical information. The past is recoverable in principle, the future existsas an infinite, timeless superposition, and information grows monotonically withthe universe’s expansion. Refinements address quantum uncertainty, the universalityof decoherence across sectors (including dark energy and dark matter), andthe timeless nature of "NOW." Mathematical formalizations draw from quantuminformation theory and canonical quantum gravity, with derivational steps providedfrom first principles or established formulations. Implications span physics(e.g., resolutions to entropy paradoxes), philosophy (e.g., eternalism with dynamicemergence), and technology (e.g., quantum computing paradigms). While speculative,the hypothesis offers testable predictions via decoherence experiments andcosmological observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[28] ai.viXra.org:2507.0124 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-29 01:46:09
Authors: John Augustine McCain, Jessica Louise McCain
Comments: 9 Pages.
We prove that P ≠ NP by demonstrating that certain classes of decision problems—specifically those involving semantic ambiguity and context-dependent truth—demand computational resources that exceed polynomial bounds for bothverification and solution. By formally defining a family of problems in which the number of interpretive contexts grows exponentially with input size, and where the correctness of a proposed solution depends on resolving this ambiguity, we show that even verification becomes infeasible within polynomial time. Moreover, we demonstrate that identifying a valid certificate within these problems requires a doubly exponential search over both potential answers and interpretive frames. These results indicate that P ≠ NP, not merely as a formal separation, but as a semantic inevitability. We conclude that computational tractability collapses in the presence of unbounded meaning, and that this collapse is reflected in foundational paradoxes of language and logic.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[27] ai.viXra.org:2507.0040 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-09 23:40:48
Authors: Robert C. Woodbyrne &
Comments: 5 Pages.
Rupture Theory, or Pressure-Release Cosmology (PRC), proposes a physically grounded model for how our universe could have formed—from a rupture event inside a black hole. In this framework, matter-energy is released into new, causally isolated regions of spacetime, termed Domains. PRC provides a consistent, testable alternative to singularity-based cosmogenesis models by reframing the Big Bang as a pressure-driven release from an existing gravitational structure, not a creation from nothing.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] ai.viXra.org:2507.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-12 03:29:22
Authors: Floyd D. Haywood
Comments: 4 Pages. Revision with References Added
We demonstrate that every instance of Newton’s constant G and the speed of light cin Einstein’s field equations, the Schwarzschild metric, the Einstein—Hilbert action, andlinearized gravitational waves can be expressed exactly in terms of Tensioned GeometryMechanics (TGM) substrate parameters: voxel volume ℓ3_p and update-cycle interval t_p.Step-by-step Planck-scale substitutions reveal:8πG / c^4 → 8π t^2_p / ℓ_p, 2GM / c^2r → 2t^2_pM / ℓ_pr, and a saturation factor S ≈ 1 for Earth, Moon and Sun confirms "voxel saturation = gravity." We embed this within core TGM axioms to tie continuum physics to discretesubstrate mechanics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] ai.viXra.org:2506.0123 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-14 01:43:26
Authors: Joseph Allen Coyle Jr.
Comments: 3 Pages.
This paper presents the finalized Unified Time Dilation Equation developed underthe Unified Curvature-Strain Field Theory (UCSFT). The equation corrects prior relativisticmodels by integrating curvature strain effects into time dilation through a scalarcontraction of a modified tensor field. The UCSFT framework resolves proper time asa dynamic equilibrium between forward curvature (mass, velocity) and reverse curvature(vacuum strain tension). This resolves limitations in Einstein’s incomplete UnifiedField Theory and replaces placeholder-laden models with a test-verified formulation.The results are consistent with satellite and ground-based clock measurements andreveal a collapse threshold at a defined vacuum tension limit.This resolves limitationsin Einstein’s incomplete Unified Field Theory (Einstein 1915).This document supersedes earlier drafts that contained undefined or speculative placeholdersintroduced during AI-assisted formulation. It presents the first fully testable, selfconsistentderivation of unified time dilation under the Unified Curvature-Strain Field Theory(UCSFT). All variables, tensors, and constants are explicitly defined and dimensionallygrounded. We are relatively confident that the mathematics presented here is correct, havingundergone symbolic verification and observational consistency checks. This publication isintended as a critical correction to relativistic time dilation models and represents one stepin the broader goal of completing a unified field theory that coherently merges gravitational,quantum, and curvature-strain interactions within a consistent tensor framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[24] ai.viXra.org:2506.0094 [pdf] replaced on 2025-06-22 21:31:34
Authors: Xylo Xylo
Comments: 3 Pages.
We extend a previously proposed cosmological model in which the interior of a black hole is treated as an independent universe governed by a variable speed of light (VSL). In this Part II, we develop the "inside-out" geometry suggested by the original framework through coordinate transformations that invert standard causal and geometric structures. Using a radial inversion and a conformal time rescaling, we reframe the black hole horizon as a geometric origin surface analogous to the Big Bang. This transformed view regularizes the singularity, enables a novel formulation of cosmological expansion, and embeds the VSL profile directly in the spacetime metric. While still speculative, this approach offers a clearer mathematical scaffolding for interpreting black hole interiors as cosmogenic domains.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[23] ai.viXra.org:2506.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-20 21:14:31
Authors: Lorenzo Lucchesi
Comments: 3 Pages.
We propose a novel metaphorical framework for interpreting the physical universe by integrating concepts from string theory, quantum mechanics, and the block universe model. Through the allegory of a multidimensional library containing all possible versions of a narrative, we explore how deterministic structures can give rise to apparently indeterminate experiences. This framework suggests that the universeis pre-written but traversed subjectively along quasi-spatial trajectories governed by coherence, continuity, and probabilistic branching. We interpret time as a spatial dimension within this model and examineimplications for entropy, black holes, and quantum entanglement.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[22] ai.viXra.org:2505.0179 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-06 02:31:04
Authors: Michael Lee
Comments: 48 Pages.
Although the mathematical framework for Special Relativity has proven phenomenally successful for over a century, it is predicated on an assumption that time and space are the independent properties of physics - an assumption fundamental to its mathematical foundation. Yet, what if these assumptions were not fundamental at all? What if energy, specifically the energy associated with relative motion, was the fundamental property?This paper examines the implications of such a fundamental shift. By defining relative energy as the fundamental property, not space and time, we find that a single unified spacetime emerges, covariant with, and responsive to, changes in energy. A spacetime that is not an independent set of coordinates between which we must transform, but a single adaptive spacetime responsive to relative energy. We will show how, when we define energy as intrinsic and independent, momentum, space and time adapt algebraically to relative motion with covariance embedded in their relationships with energy. We demonstrate how this covariance is assured inevery inertial frame, not by coordinate transformations but by simple algebraic scaling of time and spatial elements. Further, when momentum, time and space are defined in terms of covariant relationships, time and length are understood as intervals that scale in an adaptable space time, not as coordinates in a fixed spacetime. Where proper time and proper length emerge naturally as rest frame representations of these relationships. This then allows us to define relativity as energy-responsive scaling, not differential transformations across coordinate spaces. Not only does this greatly simplify special relativity, it lays the foundation for a purely energy-emergent theory unifying the current theoretical landscape.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] ai.viXra.org:2505.0137 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-03 03:09:14
Authors: Mark Rehl
Comments: 34 Pages.
The Layered Causality Hypothesis proposes that dark matter and dark energy are not distinct substances, but observational effects resulting from relativistic separation across continuous causal frames. When matter crosses a critical threshold—what we call the Causal Horizon—it becomes causally disconnected from a given frame for all forces except gravity. This horizon represents the upper boundary of what we later define as the Jones Window, a transitional zone of causal degradation. The lower edge of this zone will be called the Jones Threshold. This disconnection produces the illusion of invisible mass and accelerated expansion. Redshift, clock rate variation, and the perceived age of the universe are reframed as consequences of frame divergence rather than physical recession. The model introduces no new forces or particles, but instead reinterprets existing observations through the structure of relativistic causality.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] ai.viXra.org:2505.0137 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-04 20:00:06
Authors: Mark Rehl
Comments: 28 Pages.
The Layered Causality Hypothesis proposes that dark matter and dark energy are not distinct substances, but observational effects resulting from relativistic separation across continuous causal frames. When matter crosses a critical threshold—what we call the Causal Horizon—it becomes causally disconnected from a given frame for all forces except gravity. This horizon represents the upper boundary of what we later define as the Jones Window, a transitional zone of causal degradation. The lower edge of this zone will be called the Jones Threshold. This disconnection produces the illusion of invisible mass and accelerated expansion. Redshift, clock rate variation, and the perceived age of the universe are reframed as consequences of frame divergence rather than physical recession. The model introduces no new forces or particles, but instead reinterprets existing observations through the structure of relativistic causality.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] ai.viXra.org:2505.0137 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-03 22:41:28
Authors: Mark Rehl
Comments: 21 Pages.
The Layered Causality Hypothesis proposes that dark matter and dark energy are not distinct substances, but observational effects resulting from relativistic separation across continuous causal frames. When matter crosses a critical threshold, termed the Jones Threshold, it becomes causally disconnected from a given frame for all forces except gravity. This disconnection produces the illusion of invisible mass and accelerated expansion. Redshift, clock rate variation, and the perceived age of the universe are reframed as consequences of frame divergence rather than physical recession. The model introduces no new forces or particles, but instead reinterprets existing observations through the structure of relativistic causality.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] ai.viXra.org:2505.0137 [pdf] replaced on 2025-06-12 16:28:06
Authors: Mark Rehl
Comments: 35 Pages. This version represents a significant upgrade and finalization of the original submission, including clarified terminology, expanded treatment of redshift and causal structure, updated references, and improved formatting throughout.
The Layered Causality Hypothesis (LCH) offers a relativistic reinterpretation of dark matter and dark energy phenomena through the lens of causal disconnection. Rather than invoking unknown particles or repulsive forces, the hypothesis posits that matter traveling beyond a relativistic threshold—termed the Jones Threshold—becomes electromagnetically, weakly, and strongly inaccessible, while retaining gravitational influence. This leads to the appearance of invisible mass (dark matter) and apparent cosmic acceleration (dark energy), both reframed as observer-dependent consequences of motion through nested inertial frames. Gravity, in this context, is not treated as a force acting within space, but as the geometric framework that binds causally distinct regions of spacetime. The theory aligns with key astrophysical observations, including rotation curves, gravitational lensing, and high-redshift phenomena, without requiring new physics beyond special relativity. If validated, this framework may eliminate the need for exotic matter or energy, recasting the universe as a relativistic lattice of causally evolving structures.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] ai.viXra.org:2505.0093 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-21 19:21:26
Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: 2 Pages.
We propose a novel viewpoint in which gravitational fields emerge not from conventional matter-energy sources, but from topological configurations of light encoded in twistor space. This preliminary study proposes that geometric optical knots—nontrivial configurations of light rays forming closed or linked loops—can act as sources of topological gravitation, where space-time is emergent. These knots naturally reside in twistor space, where null structures are fundamental.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] ai.viXra.org:2505.0092 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-28 01:27:09
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 7 Pages. Updated key terms and added key derivation definitions of terms and added references.
This paper explores how gravitational quantization, frame dragging, and cosmological redshift emerge from angular coherence strain within the Holosphere lattice—a discrete, rotating medium composed of nested Planck-scale spheres. Unlike general relativity, which describes gravity through spacetime curvature, Holosphere Theory models mass, charge, and inertial effects as arising from phase misalignments in a recursive, cuboctahedrally packed lattice. Frame dragging is reinterpreted as mechanical entrainment by rotational coherence gradients, and red shift emerges from Doppler-like spiral slippage and exponential phase drag. The model avoids point particles by describing matter as extended angular defects, regularizing gravitational self-energy and quantizing interaction strengths through discrete shell configurations. We present a summary comparison to general relativity, introduce a spin-gradient redshift approximation, and discuss open challenges including the emergence of an effective metric and correspondence with Einstein’s field equations. These results provide a foundation for future derivations of relativistic behavior from lattice-based coherence dynamics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] ai.viXra.org:2505.0091 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-28 01:28:56
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 9 Pages. Updated key terms and added key derivation.
This paper evaluates the predictions of the Holosphere-based Sempiternal Spinning Sphere Theory in relation to the Tolman surface brightness test over the redshift range 0.01 < z < 4. Unlike CDM, this model does not assume metric expansion, inflation, or dark energy. Instead, it posits that redshift arises from spiral phase slippage as light propagates radially through a rotating lattice of Holospheres—discrete neutron-scale spheres forming the underlying structure of spacetime. As photons spiral outward through successive coherence shells, they accumulate angular strain, leading to both redshift and surface brightness attenuation. We derive a modified surface brightness equation based on the exponential geometry of radial propagation through this rotating medium, which reproduces the (1 + z)^−3 scaling observed in empirical data. Comparison with observations from Lubin & Sandage [2] shows strong alignment, supporting the Holosphere model as a viable alternative to the expanding universe framework. The results suggest that redshift, angular size evolution, and surface brightness dimming can emerge naturally from coherent rotational strain in a discrete spacetime structure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] ai.viXra.org:2505.0083 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-27 06:13:02
Authors: Steven Coker
Comments: 35 Pages.
STLR is a thermodynamic cosmology that treats expansion as entropy-driven curvature flattening in a closed, quantized universe. Curvature is carried by three conserved components, universal background curvature E_0, radiation curvature E_gamma, and local curvature tension Delta E, and cosmic history is the record of energy moving between them. What ΛCDM attributes to dark energy and dark matter is reinterpreted as curvature-energy: late-time acceleration arises as entropy reclaims curvature from structure, and the missing-mass problem is accounted for by Delta E, not by a new particle species. Photon redshift does not destroy energy; STLR assigns the lost photon energy to the curvature-tension field, enforcing global conservation over the active sector. Time dilation, black holes, and large-scale structure remain consistent with General Relativity, while causal microstructure and discrete universal clock provide a coexistence framework with quantum theory rather than a single smooth unification. As photon curvature vanishes and Delta E relaxes toward E_0, expansion must asymptotically slow, leading to a finite final size and a terminal state of Perfect Stillness.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] ai.viXra.org:2505.0083 [pdf] replaced on 2025-10-13 05:49:55
Authors: Steven Coker
Comments: 23 Pages.
The Structural Thermodynamic Lawful Reset (STLR) model presents a cosmology grounded entirely in the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. It reinterprets cosmic expansion as entropy performing lawful work upon curvature, removing the need for dark energy or geometric tuning. The model divides cosmic history into thermodynamic stages; initial inflation, plasma growth, matter deceleration, finite thermodynamic assist, and asymptotic drift, each governed by the lawful transformation of free energy. STLR accepts the early expansion history fixed by ΛCDM (BBN, CMB, BAO, and Hu2080) as empirical boundary conditions, while predicting small residual curvature, finite acceleration, and eventual asymptotic stillness. By replacing parameter fitting with thermodynamic necessity, STLR reframes the universe as a self-regulating, law-bound system whose expansion is not a mathematical convenience, but a natural consequence of entropy’s advance.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] ai.viXra.org:2505.0083 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-29 20:19:07
Authors: Steven Coker
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper proposes a structural thermodynamic model for the origin, evolution, and reset of the universe based entirely on existing physical laws, with no new particles, forces, or speculative mechanisms. The model avoids the singularity problem by enforcing lawful compression limits, honors the Second Law of Thermodynamics throughout all phases, and reframes the universe as a closed, lawful system governed by structural inevitability.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] ai.viXra.org:2505.0021 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-30 22:31:28
Authors: Dale Wahl
Comments: 67 Pages.
Expanding—Contracted Space Theory (ECST) reformulates gravity, cosmology, and particle structure by treating space as a cellular medium with variable density rather than an empty stage. A scalar contraction field controls cell volume: its gradients reproduce gravity, electromagnetic fields contract space directionally, matter contracts spherically on average, and in voids relaxed cells duplicate at a universal rate. These mechanisms yield a unified account of key puzzles:u2022Cosmology: Photon redshift and late-time acceleration arise from void duplication, resolving the Hubble tension without dark energy while preserving distance duality and the CMB spectrum.u2022Astrophysics: In high-density regions, screening restores general relativity; in galaxies, unscreened gradients generate MOND-like accelerations and the baryonic Tully—Fisher relation without dark matter; in black holes, collapse halts at a finite density ceiling, removing singularities while matching external Kerr/Schwarzschild solutions.u2022Microphysics: The same sextic elastic potential that enforces the black hole ceiling produces stable soliton excitations corresponding to the electron, muon, and tau, explaining the three lepton generations. A parallel mechanism generates neutrino masses as neutral solitons with a single quartic-gradient parameter.With only a handful of universal constants, ECST connects particle masses, galactic dynamics, cosmic redshift, and black hole physics under one density-based action principle. It reproduces local precision tests, predicts small but measurable deviations in gravitational-wave ringdowns and void-sensitive redshift anomalies, and offers a falsifiable, parameter-economical alternative to ΛCDM, dark matter, and unexplained mass hierarchies in the Standard Model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] ai.viXra.org:2505.0021 [pdf] replaced on 2025-06-12 19:04:39
Authors: Dale Wahl
Comments: 97 Pages.
Expanding Contracted Space Theory (ECST) offers a unified framework in which mass, gravity, and cosmological redshift all emerge from a single dynamical scalar field that encodes vacuum "elasticity." Spacetime is treated as a foam of adaptive, polyhedral cells whose volumes are governed by a contraction scalar ϕ. Matter and electromagnetic energy shrink cells (ϕ < 1), while fully relaxed cells (ϕ = 1) duplicate at a universal rate Γ, realizing cosmic acceleration as a natural de Sitter state.Starting from an extended action in which a contraction scalar ϕ non-minimally couples to the metric and matter sectors via simple coupling functions f(ϕ) and g_e(ϕ), ECST recovers Newtonian gravity and all first post-Newtonian tests of General Relativity-most notably Mercury’s perihelion advance through an "elastic" 1/r³ correction to the potential. On galactic scales, the same scalar-gradient boost reproduces flat rotation curves of spirals and giant ellipticals without invoking dark matter. Light propagation in an evolving ϕ field yields a built-in photon-shift law that exactly matches supernova distance-redshift data, explaining cosmic acceleration without dark energy.At the particle level, spatial contraction sourced by normalized wavefunctions generates emergent lepton masses: hydrogenic electrons, and self-bound muon/tau solitons, reproduce the observed mass spectrum and resolve the muonic-hydrogen proton-radius puzzle with no extra parameters. Finally, ECST replaces black-hole singularities with finite-density cores while preserving external shadow sizes (as seen by the EHT) and predicts distinctive quasi-normal-mode signatures accessible to next-generation gravitational-wave detectors. With only two fundamental inputs, ECST thus spans phenomena from femtometers to gigaparsecs in a single, falsifiable scalar-geometric paradigm.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] ai.viXra.org:2505.0021 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-12 21:31:13
Authors: Dale Wahl
Comments: 91 Pages.
Expanding Contracted Space Theory (ECST) offers a unified framework in which mass, gravity, and cosmological redshift all emerge from a single dynamical scalar field that encodes vacuum "elasticity." Starting from an extended action in which a contraction scalar ϕ non-minimally couples to the metric and matter sectors via simple coupling functions f(ϕ) and gu2091(ϕ), ECST recovers Newtonian gravity and all first post-Newtonian tests of General Relativity—most notably Mercury’s perihelion advance—through an "elastic" 1/r³ correction to the potential. On galactic scales, the same scalar-gradient boost reproduces flat rotation curves of spirals and giant ellipticals without invoking dark matter. Light propagation in an evolving ϕ field yields a built-in photon-shift law that exactly matches supernova distance—redshift data, explaining cosmic acceleration without dark energy. At the particle level, spatial contraction sourced by normalized wavefunctions generates emergent lepton masses: hydrogenic electrons, and self bound muon/tau solitons, reproduce the observed mass spectrum and resolve the muonic-hydrogen proton-radius puzzle with no extra parameters. Finally, ECST replaces black-hole singularities with finite-density cores while preserving external shadow sizes (as seen by the EHT) and predicts distinctive quasi-normal-mode signatures accessible to next-generation gravitational-wave detectors. With only two fundamental inputs, ECST thus spans phenomena from femtometers to gigaparsecs in a single, falsifiable scalar-geometric paradigm.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] ai.viXra.org:2505.0021 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-07 00:46:13
Authors: Dale Wahl
Comments: 77 Pages.
Expanding-Contracted-Space Theory (ECST) is a single-scalar alternative to ΛCDM + Standard-Model Yukawas. A sextic potential for the contraction-scalar ϕ converts local electromagnetic energy into real spatial densification; the same field supplies (i) solar-system—strength gravity when ϕ-1∼10^(-8), (ii) a density-gradient "elastic boost" that fits Milky-Way, Andromeda and M 87 rotation curves without dark matter, (iii) finite event-horizon radii identical to those imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope, and (iv) an extra 10 % photon red-shift that reproduces the Type-Ia Hubble tension without Λ. Radial solitons of ϕ yield the electron, muon and tau masses to 0.02 % with a single parameter. We present the covariant action, field equations and all current χ² tests spanning 10³u207b¹u2078 m to 10²u2076 m. Moreover, ECST naturally predicts a few-hundred-µeV Lamb-shift correction in muonic hydrogen—equivalent to the ~0.04 fm proton radius discrepancy—using only the same scalar parameters fixed by lepton masses and solar-system gravity tests.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] ai.viXra.org:2505.0001 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-05 01:39:49
Authors: Alessandro Guardini
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This theory proposes that consciousness is not a byproduct of matter, but a fundamental force of the universe, as primordial as gravity. It exists as non-local information within the quantum vacuum. When informational consciousness is compressed inside black holes, it interacts with the Higgs Field, transforming into mass and triggering the expansion of new universes. This document presents the theoretical framework, symbolic formulation, and philosophical implications of this cosmological model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology