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[23] ai.viXra.org:2503.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-31 21:02:38
Authors: Vipul Kumar Singh
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
This paper introduces a Nested Balloon Universe Theory, proposing that our universe is an expanding balloon inside a larger universe. It extends this idea by hypothesizing that before our universe, a micro-universe existed - a much smaller balloon inside ours. Once this micro-universe reached its expansion threshold, it burst, leading to the Big Bang and the formation of our universe. Microorganisms inside this micro-universe were scattered across the larger balloon, potentially seeding life. This cyclic model suggests that our universe may eventually burst, continuing the cycle. The paper formalizes this concept with mathematical equations, physical models, and simulation results.
Category: Astrophysics
[22] ai.viXra.org:2503.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-31 21:00:01
Authors: Natalia Tanyatia
Comments: 27 Pages. https://github.com/NataliaTanyatia/Grand-Unified-Theory.git
This paper presents a comprehensive framework for understanding physical reality through a revitalized Aether concept, demonstrating its capacity to unify quantum phenomena, gravita-tional interactions, and conscious observation. We formulate the Aether as a turbulent, fractal medium described by quaternionic flow fields, where electromagnetic components emerge as orthogonal projections and gravity arises from radial pressure gradients. Key innovations include: (1) A deterministic resolution to quantum "weirdness" via Aether-mediated measurement interactions, (2) Derivation of mass as an emergent property from Aether density,and (3) Mathematical links between hyperspace projections, fractal atomic orbitals, and biological coherence. Experimental validations are proposed through cavitation-induced dynamicCasimir effects and fractal antenna energy harvesting.The theory culminates in a Lagrangian unification of Aether dynamics, quantum fields, and conscious observation, suggesting thatreality emerges from self-referential Aetheric turbulence at all scales.
Category: Classical Physics
[21] ai.viXra.org:2503.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-31 20:57:20
Authors: Natalia Tanyatia
Comments: 72 Pages. https://github.com/NataliaTanyatia/Grand-Unified-Theory.git
This thesis presents a unified theory of physics, addressing Hilbert’s Sixth Problem by integrating the concepts of the aetherflow field, quantum mechanics, and gravitational phenomena. The theory proposes that the aether, a fundamental medium meating all matter, is responsible for the observed electromagnetic and gravitational fields. The Riemann Zeta function,stereographic projections, and quaternionic representations are employed to model the self-similar and fractal nature of the universe.The thesis also explores the implications of thistheory for quantum mechanics, plasma physics, and the dynamic Casimir effect.
Category: Classical Physics
[20] ai.viXra.org:2503.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-31 12:52:04
Authors: A. Schubert
Comments: 10 Pages.
We propose a novel framework in which quantum measurement is interpreted as a dualentropic projection at a thermodynamic interface—specifically, a dynamically active eventhorizon (EH) that connects an AdS-like quantum domain with a dS-like geometric spacetime.Building on earlier work on dual-holographic cosmology and thermodynamic gravity, wesuggest that the EH field Φ serves as an informational screen, where both position and spinare projected independently from a common superposed quantum state.At the core of this model lies the entropic structure of the EH potential, which naturallyexhibits a Gaussian profile. This structure encodes a global equilibrium condition dS = 0that characterizes both the interior (AdS) and exterior (dS) domains. We interpret quan-tum measurement as a thermodynamic sampling from this global standard distribution: aprojection occurs when a local fluctuation creates a momentary "gap"—an entropic devia-tion—that allows one component of the superposition to "fall" into a classically observablestate.This process respects conservation laws of energy, momentum, and helicity, but breakslocal determinism, aligning with Bell’s theorem through a nonlocal variable encoded inthe EH geometry. The duality of projection—spin from AdS, position from dS—leads tocorrelated outcomes without signal exchange, suggesting a fundamentally entangled butthermodynamically governed universe. The statistical symmetry that underlies quantummechanics may thus reflect the thermodynamic drive toward global equilibrium in a dualholographic setting.
Category: Quantum Physics
[19] ai.viXra.org:2503.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-31 14:58:20
Authors: Peter Dolansky-Gentner
Comments: 3 Pages.
We introduce the Quantum Equilibrium Principle (QEP), a novel framework that describes wave function collapse as an entropy-driven equilibrium-seeking process. QEP refines the conventional collapse model by incorporating entanglement strength and environmental decoherence as key factors influencing the collapse rate. The resulting formulation presents a quantifiable collapse rate equation, distinct from Many-Worlds and gravity-based interpretations, and testable via quantum computing, Bell’s theorem experiments, and quantum thermodynamics. Our approach suggests that quantum systems inherently tend toward equilibrium, governed by an entropy decay function rather than an instantaneous measurement-induced collapse.
Category: Quantum Physics
[18] ai.viXra.org:2503.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-30 11:18:30
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 5 Pages.
The attenuation of blast by the damage done to mostly wood-frame buildings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was measured by Penney et al (1970) and provides a benchmark for nuclear blast effects in open terrain. This article examines how such a blast, and a range of yields from 1 kiloton (kt) to 15 megatons (MT), would be attenuated in New York City, using structural parameters from Northrop/DTRA (1996), blast equations adjusted with empirical data from Glasstone and Dolan (1977), and structural response equations. Attenuation mechanisms include diffraction, kinetic energy in oscillating buildings, plastic deformation, and flying debris. A structural-based attenuation model, tailored to New York’s reinforced concrete and steel-frame buildings, is derived and applied, with energy per unit area tables, comparisons of peak overpressure and dynamic pressure in open terrain versus New York City, and detailed tables for multiple yields.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[17] ai.viXra.org:2503.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-30 02:01:02
Authors: Maftey Nikolay
Comments: 11 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: The AI assisted article should be a scholarly scientific article with an abstract in the article and citation and list of scientific articles)
This dialogue is a reflection on the nature of the universe, gravity and its expansion. During the discussion, the "Nothing" hypothesis was formulated, which offers a new perspective on the origin of the universe, gravity and its dynamics. The chat was used to identify the weaknesses of the hypothesis, which made it possible to refine and improve it.
Category: Education and Didactics
[16] ai.viXra.org:2503.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-30 01:04:00
Authors: Justin Erimodafe
Comments: 3 Pages.
This paper presents an alternative interpretation of electron behavior in quantum mechanics, proposing that electrons switch between particle and wave states upon measurement, rather than existing in a superposition of both states. The theory offers a non-superposition-based view of quantum phenomena, addressing the standard wave-particle duality through a simplified model in which the electron behaves as a wave when unmeasured and behaves as a particle upon interaction with a measuring device. This interpretation challenges traditional views of quantum superposition and collapse, providing a more intuitive understanding of electron behavior in specific experimental contexts.
Category: Quantum Physics
[15] ai.viXra.org:2503.0016 [pdf] replaced on 2025-04-05 17:45:02
Authors: Christopher David Rice
Comments: 16 Pages.
In standard Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC), the universe — particularly regions outside the bounds of heavy gravitational influence — expands toward infinite dilution, eventually reaching a conformal, scale-invariant state from which a new aeon emerges. We present a conceptual extension in which causally disconnected, massless regions within the universe independently approach this conformal state, forming ’Nodes of Time’. These regions, bounded by redshift-defined cosmic horizons and devoid of massive particles, lose internal entropy gradients and become locally conformally invariant. We propose that such domains, upon becoming conformally invariant, may be rescaled into geometries that mirror early-universe conditions, offering an alternative pathway to primordial structure without invoking a singular origin. This multiversal noding process circumvents the need for speculative mechanisms such as electron decay or global entropy resets. Each node does not originate from a high-energy event in the prior frame of reference, but rather from the onset of geometric decoupling and thermodynamic neutrality; a processthat, once rescaled, may appear internally as an energetic beginning. Rather than a sequential rebirth of the cosmos, this framework proposes a distributed origin model, where new cosmogenesis events occur locally within a universe that continues to accelerate outward — from all reference points — beyond observational horizons. The model remains falsifiable through violations of its boundary assumptions, offering a redefinition of cosmogenesis grounded in known physics and conformal geometry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] ai.viXra.org:2503.0015 [pdf] replaced on 2025-04-15 10:17:53
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 10 Pages. Revised - diagrams added, corrections to references, expanded discussion
The data, from U.S. nuclear tests between 1955 and 1962, demonstrate significant reductions in thermal radiation behind obstacles, challenging assumptions of widespread firestorms in modern urban environments. A summary table and notes provide context for locating and interpreting the original reports. Furthermore, a review of George R. Stanbury’s work on city thermal shielding is included, highlighting the role of urban design in mitigating thermal radiation effects and offering practical insights for civil defense planning. (Updated, corrected and expanded April 15, 2025.)
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[13] ai.viXra.org:2503.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-29 16:08:24
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 4 Pages. (AI Assistance: Grok 3 xAI; correction made by ai.viXra.org Admin. Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Conditions of submission are that AI is used as a research tool & the authors understand the AI generated data, equations & graphs etc & have verified them to be correct/true)
This paper presents a quantum gravity model where dark energy, mediated by a U(1) spin-1 graviton, drives both cosmological acceleration and gravitational attraction. Using Feynman’s perturbative expansion, we show that at low energy, the dominant tree-level interaction (analogous to Moller scattering in QED) yields a graviton-proton scattering cross-section of σg−p ≈ 10^{−108} m^2, consistent with π(2GM/c^2)^2. This predicts a cosmological acceleration a = (c^4)/(Gm), aligning with Riofrio’s empirical law tc^3 = Gm. Gravity emerges as a secondary effect of the inward reaction force to dark energy, intercepted by the cross-section of a mass, as illustrated geometrically. Originally published in 2013, this work is revisited with diagrams reinterpreted by Grok 3, an AI developed by xAI, to enhance clarity and accessibility.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[12] ai.viXra.org:2503.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-29 16:08:48
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 8 Pages. (AI Assistance: Grok 3 xAI; correction made by ai.viXra.org Admin. Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Conditions of submission are that AI is used as a research tool & the authors understand the AI generated data, equations & graphs etc & have verified them to be correct/true)
This paper presents a revolutionary framework for theoretical physics, unifying gravitation, dark energy, and electrodynamics under a U(1) gauge theory mediated by spin-1 gravitons. We replace general relativity’s spacetime curvature with a repulsive dark energy force, interpreting gravity as a LeSage/Casimir-type shielding effect of isotropic repulsion. Dark energy drives cosmological acceleration, while gravity emerges as a net attraction, due to geometric shielding. Electrodynamics is revised, with charges radiating massless gauge bosons akin to Hawking radiation, predicting the fundamental constants. Particle masses are derived via a shell model, matching observations (e.g., proton: 945 MeV predicted vs. 938 MeV observed; lightest neutrino: 0.00012 eV predicted). The gravitational theory replaces inflation by explaining flatness (Ω ≈ 1). New predictions include evolving dark energy density, distinct gravitational wave signatures from spin-1 gravitons, and a neutrino mass of 0.00012 eV. Supported by empirical evidence (e.g., cosmological acceleration, LEP running couplings), this model offers testablepredictions: time-varying G via pulsar timing, linear expansion and Hubble variation via supernovae and DESI, gravitational wave signatures via LISA, and neutrino mass via KATRIN. We contrast this with entropic gravity and MOND, highlighting the U(1) framework’s quantum foundation and cosmological consistency, justifying a paradigm shift in physics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[11] ai.viXra.org:2503.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-29 16:09:34
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 4 Pages. (AI Assistance: Grok 3 xAI; correction made by ai.viXra.org Admin. Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Conditions of submission are that AI is used as a research tool & the authors understand the AI generated data, equations & graphs etc & have verified them to be correct/true)
Peter Woit’s 2002 paper, "Quantum Field Theory and Representations Theory: A Sketch" (arXiv:hep-th/0206135), proposes a geometric framework for the Standard Model using Clifford algebras in Euclidean space-time. This paper aims to elucidate the mathematical foundations of Woit’s approach, focusing on the role of the Clifford algebra Cl(2), its extension to Cl(4), and the construction of the spin representation that yields the quantum numbers of a Standard Model generation of leptons and quarks. By breaking down the algebraic structures and their physical interpretations, we make Woit’s ideas more accessible to a broader audience, including students and researchers in particle physics and mathematical physics.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[10] ai.viXra.org:2503.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-29 16:06:14
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 5 Pages. (AI Assistance: Grok 3 xAI; correction made by ai.viXra.org Admin. Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Conditions of submission are that AI is used as a research tool & the authors understand the AI generated data, equations & graphs etc & have verified them to be correct/true)
The bare core electromagnetic coupling (α = 1) is reduced to the low-energy coupling (αlow ≈ 1/137.036), with the difference α − αlow accounting for energy converted into mass and other forces, we propose a comprehensive Hamiltonian that includes all Standard Model forces, with total energy conserved in quantum field theory.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[9] ai.viXra.org:2503.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-29 16:14:25
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 7 Pages. (AI Assistance: Grok 3 xAI; correction made by ai.viXra.org Admin. Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Conditions of submission are that AI is used as a research tool & the authors understand the AI generated data, equations & graphs etc & have verified them to be correct/true)
This paper provides a detailed quantum field theory (QFT) calculation of the self-energy correction,including contributions from all virtual particle pairs (leptons, quarks, and electroweak bosons) in the running coupling.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[8] ai.viXra.org:2503.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-29 16:17:09
Authors: Nigel Cook
Comments: 8 Pages. (AI Assistance: Grok 3 xAI; correction made by ai.viXra.org Admin. Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Conditions of submission are that AI is used as a research tool & the authors understand the AI generated data, equations & graphs etc & have verified them to be correct/true)
This paper begins with an accessible introduction to Quantum Field Theory (QFT) concepts, showing how the classical Coulomb field is converted into a propagator, with and without a mass term, to make the paper approachable for readers without a QFT background. It also includes earlier discussions on renormalization theory using Laplacian transforms, contrasting their simplicity with the complex pole integrations of Fourier transforms used in QFT textbooks, a detailed analysis of electron mass contributions, a method to predict particle decay times using Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (t = ℏ/E), and a critique of the mainstream QFT Higgs mechanism. Predictions are compared with the latest Particle Data Group (PDG) 2024 data, showing excellent agreement for most particles, with errors typically below 1.5%. The model challenges the Higgs-centric Standard Model, offering a unified, mechanistic approach to mass generation with fewer free parameters.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[7] ai.viXra.org:2503.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-29 16:23:15
Authors: Dainis Zeps
Comments: 25 Pages. [AI Assistance:] ChatGPT (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: This article may be outside the scope of ai.viXra.org & is subject to withdrawal by the Admin)
This paper explores the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the global struggle against authoritarianism, disinformation, and war — with a focus on Russia’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine. Framing AI not merely as a passive tool, but as a potential active force in resisting propaganda, preserving truth, and empowering democratic resilience, the paper examines how information itself has become a battlefield. In this context, AI can serve as a real-time witness, analyst, and amplifier in the fight against evil.Through a series of structured arguments, the paper defends the position that:(1) Putin’s regime must be forcibly dismantled,(2) the West must cease all covert support or strategic indulgence of Russia,(3) only Ukraine’s full victory ensures a just and stable global order, and(4) the informational revolution — powered by AI — is key to defeating lies, terror, and empire.Ultimately, the study argues that we are entering a new era where technology, morality, and resistance converge — and that AI, if aligned with democratic values, may become not just a tool of civilization, but a defender of it.Keywords:Artificial Intelligence (AI), Ukraine, Russia, Putin, disinformation, information warfare, propaganda, digital resistance, authoritarianism, democracy, international security, moral technology, war crimes, memory, geopolitical AI.
Category: Social Science
[6] ai.viXra.org:2503.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-29 00:22:27
Authors: Ryan Wallace
Comments: 11 Pages.
Decoherence is a fundamental challenge in quantum mechanics, resulting in phase coherence loss and a transition from quantum to classical behavior. The Structured Energy Return (SER) model proposes afeedback-based mechanism that actively reshapes coherence loss. Here,we extend our previous findings by systematically exploring the parameter space involving coupling and feedback strengths. The results highlightrobust scale-invariance and clarify optimal operating conditions, significantly enhancing the practical applicability of the SER model. The SERModel shows that it can:u0088 Can redistribute coherence loss over time instead of merely slowingit,u0088 Sometimes re-purifies the system to a near-pure state (especially in2×2 simulations),u0088 In higher dimensions (e.g., 4×4), can drive the system toward apartially mixed but stable state—maintaining significant coherence,u0088 In physically realistic quantum-optical systems (e.g., Jaynes—Cummings model), sustains Rabi oscillations and partially preserves qubitcoherence.This unified document outlines the development of SER, from the earliestsingle-particle wavefunction formulation to the Lindblad-based densitymatrix approach, culminating in positivity-enforced simulations acrossmultiple system sizes and the latest Jaynes—Cummings results.
Category: Quantum Physics
[5] ai.viXra.org:2503.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-28 20:55:19
Authors: A. Schubert
Comments: 9 Pages.
We explore the thermodynamics of self-gravitating systems with negative heat capacity (C < 0) and develop a classical model for gravitational attraction. Our approach shows that heat flows from colder to hotter regions, reversing typical thermal diffusion. This process generates an entropic force dependent on temperature and the spatial change in entropy. In regions of high acceleration (a >> a0), this force matches Newtonian gravity, proportional to the inverse square of distance. In low-acceleration regions (a << a0, where a0 ≈ 1.2 × 10-10 m/s2), it transitions to an effective acceleration that scales with the square root of the product of classical acceleration and a critical value, aligning with Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and explaining galactic rotation curves. Unlike models using quantum effects or holography, our derivation relies solely on classical thermodynamics and the self-heating of gravitating systems. This perspective redefines gravity as an emergent outcome of heat concentration, connecting classical physics to astrophysical observations without requiring dark matter.
[4] ai.viXra.org:2503.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-28 19:32:33
Authors: Frode Nystad, Bjarne Blom
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite all list cientific references in the article)
We propose a unified theory of everything (ToE) based on the crystallization of light into tetrahedral structures at the Planck scale, deriving mass, time, and fundamental forces through geometric resonance. This enhanced version integrates artificial intelligence (AI) to refine and test the Tetrahedral Structure Hypothesis (TSH)
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[3] ai.viXra.org:2503.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-28 19:17:31
Authors: A. Schubert
Comments: 7 Pages.
We revisit Verlinde’s entropic gravity by reversing its conceptual direction. Instead of deriving gravity from entropy gradients on a holographic screen, we interpret the screen as the thermodynamic projection of a field Phi — an event horizon interface where quantum information becomes classically readable (Schubert A. 2025). No entropic force is required; gravity appears as a thermodynamic imprint of informational asymmetry.Building on the Unruh effect and the behavior of self-heating systems in free fall, we identify the central peak of Phi as an informational event horizon: a region of entropy-neutral superposition, where quantum states remain undecided until an entropy gradient emerges. Projection is not driven by decoherence, but by thermodynamic symmetry breaking. Verlinde’s force law remains valid in form, but becomes a diagnostic expression of projection — not its cause.Our framework aligns naturally with entropic quantum gravity (EQG) models such as Bianconi’s, in which geometry and time emerge from information constraints. The EH field Phi offers a classical realization of this idea, embedding quantum information and thermodynamic projection within a dual AdS/dS geometry. Rather than replacing Verlinde’s insight, we unfold its deeper structure - from coherence to curvature.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2] ai.viXra.org:2503.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2025-03-28 16:51:30
Authors: Ahmed M. Soliman
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references in the text)
We propose a novel hypothesis that time is an emergent effect of the universe’s computa-tional rendering complexity. In this framework, pure energy represents the universe’s fastestoperational state with no temporal delay, while matter and gravity introduce complexitythat increases rendering latency, manifesting as time dilation. We show that this model ismathematically consistent with special and general relativity, and we explore its implicationsfor black hole physics, the early universe, and quantum computational limits. These resultsprovide a clear path toward visual, numerical, and potentially empirical validation of thetheory.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory