High Energy Particle Physics

A Parameter-Free Relation Between Quark Mass Ratios and CKM Mixing Angles

Authors: Lichani Belkacem

We report an empirical relation between quark mass ratios and CKM mixing angles:sin θij =pmin(mi, mj )/ max(mi, mj ). Using PDG 2024 quark masses, this relationreproduces the three CKM mixing angles with deviations of 0.6%, 1.4%, and 4.1%,without adjustable parameters. A permutation analysis over the 36 charge-preservingassignments shows that the natural mass ordering provides the best agreement withexperimental data (p = 0.056). The relation implies the testable constraint sin θ12 ×sin θ23 =pmumd/mcms = 9.22 × 10−3, compatible with PDG 2024 at the 2% level.The law is compatible with a Froggatt-Nielsen interpretation. A conjecture for theCP-violating phase gives |sin δCP | = mW /mZ, yielding δCP = 298.13◦, testable by theDUNE experiment (2028—2030). The observed relation may represent a new empiricalflavor law analogous to the historical Balmer formula in atomic spectroscopy.0.050.100.150.200.25θ12 θ23 θ13PDG 2024

Comments: 4 Pages. Intéressant

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Submission history

[v1] 2026-05-26 02:13:02
[v2] 2026-06-11 07:20:35

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