| ai.viXra.org > Astrophysics > 2607 |
|
 |
| ai.viXra.org > Astrophysics > 2607 |
|
|
[3] ai.viXra.org:2607.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-31 20:17:07
Authors: Shivanshu Sharma
Comments: 18 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This paper proposes the Variable Speed Rule (VSR), a hypothesis that the local propagation speed of light is not fixed, but depends on local energy density — decreasing smoothly toward zero as density approaches a threshold value (E_threshold), rather than remaining constant at c as in Einstein's Special Relativity. Starting from Maxwell's equations, the standard electromagnetic wave equation is rigorously derived; the paper's central postulate is introduced explicitly at this point — replacing the constant vacuum permittivity—permeability product with a density-dependent function — and is not itself derived from established physics. This substitution, governed by a coupling constant K (termed the LAP constant), yields a modified wave equation predicting a smooth suppression of light speed near black hole horizons and an energy-dependent delay in photon arrival from high-density astrophysical events such as neutron-star mergers. Using the timing bound from the GW170817 merger, this paper shows that for a physically motivated E_threshold (Planck density), the predicted delay is many orders of magnitude below current detection limits; a value of E_threshold large enough to be detectable currently has no independent physical justification. This tension is identified as the central open problem for testing the framework. Three concrete, falsifiable predictions are proposed for future observational testing. The paper does not claim experimental confirmation — its aim is to present a mathematically self-consistent, clearly labeled hypothesis, with rigorous derivation and unproven postulate explicitly distinguished throughout.
Category: Astrophysics
[2] ai.viXra.org:2607.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-18 21:05:02
Authors: Joseph Shaffer
Comments: 7 Pages. This paper is a companion paper of ai.viXra.org:2605.0049.
A dual-domain cosmological framework is presented in which spacetime is not fundamental but emergent. A pre-geometric, nonlocal information domain E consists of discrete structural units ("mats") carrying tension. Observable spacetime S arises as a holographic projection of E. Gravitational attraction corresponds to tension gradients in E, while dark energy arises from uniform residual tension. A dimensional and structural derivation shows that Newton’s constant G can be expressed in terms of deeper pre-geometric parameters of the E domain, demonstrating that G is not fundamental. The Planck length is emergent. Spacetime is a geometric shadow of a deeper nonlocal substrate. This formulation resolves the horizon problem without inflation and provides a unified structural origin for gravity and dark energy.
Category: Astrophysics
[1] ai.viXra.org:2607.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2026-07-07 13:55:57
Authors: E. P. J. de Haas
Comments: 27 Pages. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21242316
The gravitational rapidity potential χg(x) generates a local Spin(1,3) rotor G, which forms the common origin of three complementary descriptions of gravitation. A companion paper developed two of these branches: an exact relativistic fluid-dynamical (kinematic) branch and a slow-flow metric branch that recovers the Painlevé—Gullstrand spacetime geometry. The present paper develops the third branch, based on the Maurer—Cartan connection generated by the rotor and its transport along the gravitational vacuum flow. Starting from the spacetime Maurer—Cartan connection Ω_Q=(∂G)G^−1, its proper-time projection is derived for the composed galactic rotor consisting of radial and azimuthal Lorentz boosts. The resulting connection separates naturally into radial and azimuthal rapidity-rate channels together with the Thomas—Wigner bivector arising from the non-commutativity of the two boosts. Transporting this connection with the gravitational four-velocity produces the bilinear UΩ_τ and its complete norm, time, space and spin channel decomposition. The principal mathematical result is that the time-channel transport condition [UΩ_τ]_T=0 reduces, in the physically relevant slow-flow limit, to the previously established Constant-Lagrangian (CL) condition DΓ/Dτ=0, where Γ=coshχrcoshχϕ. Away from the slow-flow limit the two conditions differ by a factor involving the radial Lorentz factor, but they coincide in the galactic regime. This establishes a direct geometric connection between the Maurer—Cartan formulation and the conserved isorapidity flow that characterizes stationary spiral galaxies. Applying the resulting equations to the Painlevé—Gullstrand—Hubble vacuum flow, together with a Newtonian virial boundary condition at the galactic bulge radius, recovers in closed form the Constant-Lagrangian rotation-curve relation previously fitted to SPARC observations. The Maurer—Cartan formulation therefore provides a second theoretical foundation for the Constant-Lagrangian rotation-curve law within the rotor-generated Spin(1,3) hierarchy. In this framework, flat galactic rotation curves emerge from the conserved composition of two orthogonal rapidity components of a single relativistic gravitational vacuum river flow. Throughout the construction, Hubble-embedded Newtonian gravity remains unchanged, and no dark-matter halo, MOND interpolation function or additional free parameter is introduced. The theory extends naturally to stationary cones of constant colatitude, where the resulting trajectories remain smooth helical curves throughout their domain of physical validity.
Category: Astrophysics