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| ai.viXra.org > Quantitative Biology > 2610 |
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[3] ai.viXra.org:2610.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2026-10-27 12:46:05
Authors: Juan Duan, Songbo Zhang
Comments: 34 Pages.
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-supported membrane conduits that carry both rescuing mitochondria and pathology-driving proteins, yet no quantitative link connects nanoscale tube physics to population-level network behavior. Combining membrane-tube mechanics, cable theory, stochastic transport, adaptive-network dynamics, and percolation theory, we build a falsifiable framework with three core results. First, classical tube mechanics predicts a tether force of 24.3 pN and a diameter of 155 nm without free fitted parameters, matching measurements (10—40 pN; 50—200 nm); rupture resolves molecularly as necking instability plus actin—cortex detachment, predicting a median lifetime of 60—62 min (95% CI 37—99 min) within the observed 30—120 min. Second, the contact network is electrotonically compact (λ ≈ 158 µm ≫ L), and finite-size scaling in two and three dimensions constrains percolation thresholds to p_c = 0.257 ± 0.002 (2D) and ≈ 0.169 (3D; geometry-dependent), cross-validated by invariant scaling; whether resting networks actually sit above threshold remains a calibration question (P1). Third, competing cargo flows—protective transport linear under an adapter bottleneck, pathological transport superlinear—yield an optimal connectivity p* = a/2b that falls from 1.0 (healthy) to 0.32 (late pathology); the downshift is robust whenever pathological transport is superlinear. A molecular loading bottleneck explains the few-long-lived-TNT strategy. Five falsifiable experiments are mapped, including the embryonic-heart TNT—Notch axis.
Category: Quantitative Biology
[2] ai.viXra.org:2610.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2026-10-22 11:48:07
Authors: Juan Duan, Songbo Zhang
Comments: 31 Pages.
Action potentials in cardiac muscle and in neurons obey the same membraneequations. We treat the action potential as a physical object and ask what a singledynamical framework predicts when its parameters are swept across the rangeevolution has explored. Three legs support the claim. (1) Population of models: 852virtual cells built from twelve published excitable models by log-normalconductance perturbation at 25% variability put 97.8% of their between-cellvariance into four descriptor dimensions [family-level bootstrap CI 97.5-99.9%]; adescriptor-permutation null puts only 69.5 +/- 0.6% there, so the collapse is not anartefact of the descriptor choice, though the choice partly fixes the number. (2) Realdata: 2,336 Allen Cell Types neurons projected onto the model manifold occupy aregion adjacent to, but distinct from, the model islands. Direct measurement of thespread to 200% conductance variability (sublinear scaling) shows that conductancenoise alone cannot supply the missing variance at any feasible CV. (3) Mechanisticanchoring: an explicit sarcoplasmic-reticulum calcium loop reproduces calcium- driven alternans in a heart-failure-like regime and matches published humanrestitution kinetics and their hERG-block prolongation (ratio 2.20 model vs 1.94human). Topological charge is exactly conserved in the neural medium at everytracking setting; in the turbulent cardiac regime the ledger is dominated byboundary outflow. On open data, the drug-risk coordinate ranks the twelve CiPAtraining drugs consistently with expert-panel torsade risk (AUC 0.91, p = 0.013) - aninternal-consistency check on real pharmacology, not a blinded test. Every claim isbounded where it is made: the framework survives only in the parts its data support.
Category: Quantitative Biology
[1] ai.viXra.org:2610.0024 [pdf] replaced on 2026-10-14 14:15:17
Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 16 Pages.
The effectiveness of mathematics in describing nature has long invited philosophical explanation. This paper examines whether Lie algebra embodies organizational principles that extend beyond its traditional role in symmetry analysis. Beginning with the fundamental properties of Lie brackets, including antisymmetry, bilinearity, the Jacobi identity, and the derived relation [��,−��]=0, it is argued that Lie algebra provides a formal grammar of relational coherence. Particular attention is given to the invariance of Lie-algebraic structure under global reflection ��↦−��, which preserves brackets and relational organization while remaining indifferent to overall orientation. This observation motivates the claim that relational structure alone may not uniquely determine ontological orientation. Connections are explored with CPT symmetry, electromagnetism, active inference, developmental biology, and multiscale regulation, while carefully distinguishing mathematical results from heuristic interpretation. The paper does not claim that Lie algebra proves ontological two-sidedness or derives physical symmetries. Rather, it argues that Lie-theoretic structures exhibit a remarkable compatibility with coherent organization across multiple domains and therefore leave two-sided ontological interpretations admissible. In this view, the effectiveness of mathematics may arise because both mathematics and nature instantiate common principles of relational coherence and regulated organization.
Category: Quantitative Biology