Quantum Gravity and String Theory

Reconstruction Classes and the Fine-Tuning Problem in a Timeless Euclidean Model

Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov

In the present program, the fundamental level is specified by a four-dimensional Euclidean space E4 and a real field Φ satisfying the Laplace equation ΔΦ = 0, whereas spacetime, events, causal structure, and effective fields are not postulated in advance but arise as reconstructed structures relative to the observer. In previous works within this framework, the special-relativistic, gravitational, and quantum layers of the effective description were reconstructed. In the present work, the previously introduced notion of a reconstruction class is substantially extended and becomes the central level of analysis; it is shown that the fine-tuning problem must be posed precisely at this level.

It is argued that the standard formulation of the fine-tuning problem, which relates it to small deviations of parameters within an already given Universe, is secondary in the present model. More fundamental is the question of which reconstruction classes admit a physically actualized world of the observer at all. Within this reconstructive formulation, a complete solution to the fine-tuning problem is proposed within the present model. The central basis of this solution is an ontological postulate according to which only such a reconstruction class can be physically actualized as admits an observer with inner subjective presence and the capacity for self-reflexivity. Accordingly, the anthropic principle acquires in this model not the status of an external methodological constraint, but the status of a consequence of the admissibility conditions and the physical actualization of the reconstructed world.

It is further shown that the observed parameters of our Universe should be understood not as external phenomenological assumptions, but as features identifying the reconstruction class within which our observational universe is realized. In this sense, the article does not merely reinterpret the fine-tuning problem, but establishes, within the model, a complete explanatory scheme whose further development is connected not to the search for the principle of solution itself, but to its more detailed physical explication as applied to concrete structures of observed physics.

Comments: published in International Journal of Quantum Foundations, Volume 12, Issue 2, pages 738-765

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[v1] 2026-05-20 21:34:13

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