Quantum Physics

A Local Realistic Explanation of Bell Inequality Violation in Quantum Entanglement

Authors: Yuric Wang

In modern quantum physics, quantum entanglement is viewed as a non-local connection that transcends classical spacetime logic. Its core explanatory framework is built upon the holism of the wavefunction: when two particles enter an entangled state, they are no longer two independent entities but are described mathematically as a single, spatially spanning joint state. According to the standard Copenhagen interpretation, a measurement on one particle instantaneously causes the entire wavefunction to collapse, thereby determining the state of the distant particle. This correlation is believed to be independent of any pre-determined internal properties, generated randomly and instantaneously at the moment of observation.To explain the locality of quantum entanglement, John Bell proposed that if particles carried a pre-determined set of instructions—"hidden variables"—at the time of separation to determine future measurement results, then any classical model based on local hidden variables would logically be unable to exceed a correlation strength (expressed as the $S$ value) of 2. Over the past half-century, a series of high-precision experiments have used this inequality to reject the hidden variable hypothesis. From Aspect's early dynamic choice experiments to modern loophole-free Bell tests, the observed $S$ values have systematically violated Bell's inequality, frequently appearing around 2.82, extremely close to the theoretical limit of $2sqrt{2}$ predicted by quantum mechanics. The victory of this value is universally regarded by the physics community as a refutation of local hidden variable theories. Since experimental results broke the limits of classical statistics, it was concluded that no pre-set "hidden variable instructions" exist; instead, particles are tightly coupled through a non-local, instantaneous quantum mechanism.While successful mathematically, this explanation implies the existence of action-at-a-distance—a correlation that transcends spatial distance at the fundamental level of the universe. Current physics maintains that the violation of Bell’s inequality negates all possibilities of local hidden variable theories, forcing us to accept a quantum world that is either non-local or non-realistic. However, this mysterious spatiotemporal entanglement itself lacks a verifiable physical mechanism.This paper aims to re-establish an explanation for the violation of Bell's inequality by introducing a new hypothesis, thereby regaining a local realistic explanation of quantum entanglement. If we assume that spacetime is not continuous, then any light quantum (photon) must occupy a finite spacetime. Measurement then becomes a transient phase projection of the photon at the instant of measurement. By establishing this explanation, we derive that the upper limit of Bell's inequality fully conforms to past experimental results, thereby redefining the physical significance of quantum entanglement.

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[v1] 2026-04-22 19:46:49

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