Relativity and Cosmology

Fundamental Gravitational Retarded Spacetime Shells: Cosmic Scale

Authors: Adam T. Hawkins

This work presents a unified mechanistic framework for physics based on three first-principles assumptions:(1) gravity propagates at the causal speed c,(2) time flows in one direction (retarded propagation only), and(3) every massive particle continuously emits fundamental gravitational wave shells whose time-averaged superposition constitutes gravity.This paper is focused on the Cosmic scale, questioning the need for dark matter and energy, while explaining early galaxy mismatch predictions.

Comments: 13 Pages. DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2025.140008 paper focused after reading this.

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[v1] 2026-03-08 17:16:58

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