This book sets the esoteric tradition beside archaeology, geology and genetics, and asks how far the two accounts agree.The esoteric tradition holds that two peoples who were not human lived on this planet before us and are among our ancestors: the Lemurians of the Third Race and the Atlanteans of the Fourth. It has held this since 1888, and in older forms for much longer.Genetics has now found seven vanished peoples inside the DNA of the living. Two of them have bones and names, the Neanderthals and the Denisovans. Five have no remains at all and are known only from the stretches of DNA they left in us. This book calls all seven parahuman, and numbers them PH1 to PH7.I propose that the Denisovans are the Lemurians. Their bones lie inside the Lemuria that Blavatsky drew, and their living inheritance rises to five percent in New Guinea and Aboriginal Australia.Atlantis is less settled, and the book turns to it in the second half. The esoteric sources place it in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The book compares these accounts with the drying and refilling of the Mediterranean between six million and five and a third million years ago.The book then sorts the seven parahuman peoples against what the esoteric sources say an Atlantean was, using place, quantity, date and body. Three of the four can be checked against genetic data. Three peoples survive the sorting: the Neanderthals, the Veshuans of the West African Atlantic coast, and the Korimians, who are in every human being alive. None of the three is confirmed by any source, and the sorting is set out with its own limits stated, including the fact that no genetic measurement can establish whether a given people lived on this planet at all.It ends with what each Race is said to have brought, with the persecution that thinned the psychic capacity out of our species, and with two ideas about what the alien hybridization now under way may be restoring to us.