Mathematical Physics

Quantum Geometric Emergence of Planck's Constant (h)

Authors: Carl Max Reed

In the Williamson-van der Mark electron model [1], the electron is not an abstract, zero-dimensional mathematical point particle possessing an unexplainable monopoly of negative charge. It is a highly localized, three-dimensional toroidal electromagnetic photon vortex spinning at the fundamental Planck scale. Concurrently, Planck's constant (h) is not an arbitrary, ungrounded cosmic decree injected into reality from an external container; it is the direct, invariant geometric boundary condition required for the stability of a continuous, self-confined wave loop within a non-linear electromagnetic fluid substrate [2].

Comments: 2 Pages.

Download: PDF

Submission history

[v1] 2026-07-22 22:01:16

Unique-IP document downloads: 22 times

ai.Vixra.org is a AI assisted e-print repository rather than a journal. Articles hosted may not yet have been verified by peer-review and should be treated as preliminary. In particular, anything that appears to include financial or legal advice or proposed medical treatments should be treated with due caution. ai.Vixra.org will not be responsible for any consequences of actions that result from any form of use of any documents on this website.

Add your own feedback and questions here:
You are equally welcome to be positive or negative about any paper but please be polite. If you are being critical you must mention at least one specific error, otherwise your comment will be deleted as unhelpful.