Mathematical Physics |
Authors: Carl Andrew Brannen
Continuous gauge symmetries are usually introduced through Lie groups acting on quantum fields. In this paper we show that the algebraic structure underlying non-abelian gauge transformations already arises naturally inside the complex group algebra of a finite non-abelian group. The dihedral group $D_4$, the symmetry group of the square, is used as an explicit example.The complex group algebra $C[D_4]$ decomposes into irreducible matrix blocks under the Artin—Wedderburn theorem. While the character table describes only the subspace of class functions, the full group algebra contains additional intra-class directions invisible to the character table. For $D_4$ these directions form a three-dimensional subspace which, after elementary normalization, satisfies the Pauli algebra and generates continuous SU(2) transformations inside the two-dimensional irreducible block.The construction is carried out explicitly using only the multiplication table of $D_4$. Continuous rotations arise from exponentials of finite group algebra elements, without assuming any continuous symmetry at the fundamental level. The mechanism generalizes to any finite group possessing higher-dimensional irreducible representations, where the associated matrix blocks naturally support the corresponding su(N) Lie-algebra structures.
Comments: 11 Pages. To be submitted to Journal of Mathematical Physics
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[v1] 2026-05-12 19:50:05
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