Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is an integrative psychological intervention combining cognitive-behavioral principles with mindfulness practices to reduce relapse in depression and improve emotional regulation. This paper reviews key literature on MBCT, focusing on its theoretical foundations, clinical applications, mechanisms of action, and limitations. Evidence consistently supports MBCT’s effectiveness in preventing depressive relapse, with additional benefits observed in anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and stress-related conditions. Its therapeutic effects are primarily mediated through increased mindfulness, reduced rumination, and enhanced emotion regulation, alongside associated neurobiological changes. Despite strong empirical support, limitations such as methodological variability and limited long-term data remain. Overall, MBCT represents a promising, non-pharmacological approach to mental health care, with scope for further research on cultural adaptation and delivery formats.